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Dombroski TCD, Peixoto-Santos JE, Maciel K, Baqui MMA, Velasco TR, Sakamoto AC, Assirati JA, Carlotti CG, Machado HR, Sousa GKD, Hanamura K, Leite JP, Costa da Costa J, Palmini AL, Paglioli E, Neder L, Spreafico R, Shirao T, Garbelli R, Martins AR. Drebrin expression patterns in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1581-1594. [PMID: 32662890 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drebrins are crucial for synaptic function and dendritic spine development, remodeling, and maintenance. In temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, a significant hippocampal synaptic reorganization occurs, and synaptic reorganization has been associated with hippocampal hyperexcitability. This study aimed to evaluate, in TLE patients, the hippocampal expression of drebrin using immunohistochemistry with DAS2 or M2F6 antibodies that recognize adult (drebrin A) or adult and embryonic (pan-drebrin) isoforms, respectively. METHODS Hippocampal sections from drug-resistant TLE patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS; TLE, n = 33), of whom 31 presented with type 1 HS and two with type 2 HS, and autopsy control cases (n = 20) were assayed by immunohistochemistry and evaluated for neuron density, and drebrin A and pan-drebrin expression. Double-labeling immunofluorescences were performed to localize drebrin A-positive spines in dendrites (MAP2), and to evaluate whether drebrin colocalizes with inhibitory (GAD65) and excitatory (VGlut1) presynaptic markers. RESULTS Compared to controls, TLE patients had increased pan-drebrin in all hippocampal subfields and increased drebrin A-immunopositive area in all hippocampal subfields but CA1. Drebrin-positive spine density followed the same pattern as total drebrin quantification. Confocal microscopy indicated juxtaposition of drebrin-positive spines with VGlut1-positive puncta, but not with GAD65-positive puncta. Drebrin expression in the dentate gyrus of TLE cases was associated negatively with seizure frequency and positively with verbal memory. TLE patients with lower drebrin-immunopositive area in inner molecular layer (IML) than in outer molecular layer (OML) had a lower seizure frequency than those with higher or comparable drebrin-immunopositive area in IML compared with OML. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that changes in drebrin-positive spines and drebrin expression in the dentate gyrus of TLE patients are associated with lower seizure frequency, more preserved verbal memory, and a better postsurgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Eduardo Peixoto-Santos
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Paulista Medical School, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Maciel
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Munira Muhammad Abdel Baqui
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tonicarlo Rodrigues Velasco
- Ribeirao Preto Epilepsy Surgery Center, Clinics Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Americo Ceiki Sakamoto
- Ribeirao Preto Epilepsy Surgery Center, Clinics Hospital, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Alberto Assirati
- Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gilberto Carlotti
- Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gleice Kelly de Sousa
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Epilepsy Surgery Program and Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Palmini
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Epilepsy Surgery Program and Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Paglioli
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rita Garbelli
- Clinical Epileptology and Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Roberto Martins
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Institute for Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Gao N, Tao LX, Huang J, Zhang F, Li X, O'Sullivan F, Chen SP, Tian SJ, Mahara G, Luo YX, Gao Q, Liu XT, Wang W, Liang ZG, Guo XH. Contourlet-based hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging texture features for multivariant classification and prediction of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1899-1909. [PMID: 30178281 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The study is aimed to assess whether the addition of contourlet-based hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture features to multivariant models improves the classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the prediction of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) conversion, and to evaluate whether Gaussian process (GP) and partial least squares (PLS) are feasible in developing multivariant models in this context. Clinical and MRI data of 58 patients with probable AD, 147 with MCI, and 94 normal controls (NCs) were collected. Baseline contourlet-based hippocampal MRI texture features, medical histories, symptoms, neuropsychological tests, volume-based morphometric (VBM) parameters based on MRI, and regional CMgl measurement based on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography were included to develop GP and PLS models to classify different groups of subjects. GPR1 model, which incorporated MRI texture features and was based on GPG, performed better in classifying different groups of subjects than GPR2 model, which used the same algorithm and had the same data as GPR1 except that MRI texture features were excluded. PLS model, which included the same variables as GPR1 but was based on the PLS algorithm, performed best among the three models. GPR1 accurately predicted 82.2% (51/62) of MCI convertors confirmed during the 2-year follow-up period, while this figure was 53 (85.5%) for PLS model. GPR1 and PLS models accurately predicted 58 (79.5%) vs. 61 (83.6%) of 73 patients with stable MCI, respectively. For seven patients with MCI who converted to NCs, PLS model accurately predicted all cases (100%), while GPR1 predicted six (85.7%) cases. The addition of contourlet-based MRI texture features to multivariant models can effectively improve the classification of AD and the prediction of MCI conversion to AD. Both GPR and LPS models performed well in the classification and predictive process, with the latter having significantly higher classification and predictive accuracies. Advances in knowledge: We combined contourlet-based hippocampal MRI texture features, medical histories, symptoms, neuropsychological tests, volume-based morphometric (VBM) parameters, and regional CMgl measurement to develop models using GP and PLS algorithms to classify AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li-Xin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, 78746, Ireland
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, 78746, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O'Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, 78746, Ireland
| | - Si-Peng Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Si-Jia Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Gehendra Mahara
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Xia Luo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiang-Tong Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, 6050, Australia
| | - Zhi-Gang Liang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 XitoutiaoYouanmenwai Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Chen YW, Actor-Engel H, Sherpa AD, Klingensmith L, Chowdhury TG, Aoki C. NR2A- and NR2B-NMDA receptors and drebrin within postsynaptic spines of the hippocampus correlate with hunger-evoked exercise. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2271-2294. [PMID: 27915379 PMCID: PMC5764086 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hunger evokes foraging. This innate response can be quantified as voluntary wheel running following food restriction (FR). Paradoxically, imposing severe FR evokes voluntary FR, as some animals choose to run rather than eat, even during limited periods of food availability. This phenomenon, called activity-based anorexia (ABA), has been used to identify brain changes associated with FR and excessive exercise (EX), two core symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN), and to explore neurobiological bases of AN vulnerability. Previously, we showed a strong positive correlation between suppression of FR-evoked hyperactivity, i.e., ABA resilience, and levels of extra-synaptic GABA receptors in stratum radiatum (SR) of hippocampal CA1. Here, we tested for the converse: whether animals with enhanced expression of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) exhibit greater levels of FR-evoked hyperactivity, i.e., ABA vulnerability. Four groups of animals were assessed for NMDAR levels at CA1 spines: (1) ABA, in which 4 days of FR was combined with wheel access to allow voluntary EX; (2) FR only; (3) EX only; and (4) control (CON) that experienced neither EX nor FR. Electron microscopy revealed that synaptic NR2A-NMDARs and NR2B-NMDARs levels are significantly elevated, relative to CONs'. Individuals' ABA severity, based on weight loss, correlated with synaptic NR2B-NMDAR levels. ABA resilience, quantified as suppression of hyperactivity, correlated strongly with reserve pools of NR2A-NMDARs in spine cytoplasm. NR2A- and NR2B-NMDAR measurements correlated with spinous prevalence of an F-actin binding protein, drebrin, suggesting that drebrin enables insertion of NR2B-NMDAR to and retention of NR2A-NMDARs away from synaptic membranes, together influencing ABA vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Chen
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington PlaceRoom 809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Hannah Actor-Engel
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington PlaceRoom 809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Ang Doma Sherpa
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington PlaceRoom 809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Lauren Klingensmith
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington PlaceRoom 809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Tara G Chowdhury
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington PlaceRoom 809, New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chiye Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington PlaceRoom 809, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
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Aoki C, Sherpa AD. Making of a Synapse: Recurrent Roles of Drebrin A at Excitatory Synapses Throughout Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1006:119-139. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56550-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ishizuka Y, Hanamura K. Drebrin in Alzheimer’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1006:203-223. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56550-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Sripetchwandee J, Wongjaikam S, Krintratun W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. A combination of an iron chelator with an antioxidant effectively diminishes the dendritic loss, tau-hyperphosphorylation, amyloids-β accumulation and brain mitochondrial dynamic disruption in rats with chronic iron-overload. Neuroscience 2016; 332:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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The role of the drebrin/EB3/Cdk5 pathway in dendritic spine plasticity, implications for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:293-299. [PMID: 27365229 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The drebrin/EB3/Cdk5 intracellular signalling pathway couples actin filaments to dynamic microtubules in cellular settings where cells are changing shape. The pathway has been most intensively studied in neuronal development, particularly neuritogenesis and neuronal migration, and in synaptic plasticity at dendritic spines in mature neurons. Drebrin is an actin filament side-binding and bundling protein that stabilises actin filaments. The end-binding (EB) proteins are microtubule plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs) that localise to the growing plus-ends of dynamic microtubules and regulate their behavior and the binding of other +TIP proteins. EB3 binds specifically to drebrin when drebrin is bound to actin filaments, for example at the base of a growth cone filopodium, and EB3 is located at the plus-end of a growing microtubule inserting into the filopodium. This interaction therefore forms the basis for coupling dynamic microtubules to actin filaments in growth cones of developing neurons. Appropriate responses to growth cone guidance cues depend on actin filament/microtubule co-ordination in the growth cone, although the role of the drebrin/EB3/Cdk5 pathway in this context has not been directly tested. A similar cytoskeleton coupling pathway operates in dendritic spines in mature neurons where the activity-dependent insertion of dynamic microtubules into dendritic spines is facilitated by drebrin binding to EB3. Microtubule insertion into dendritic spines drives spine maturation during long-term potentiation and therefore has a role in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In Alzheimer's disease and related chronic neurodegenerative diseases, there is an early and dramatic loss of drebrin from dendritic spines that precedes synapse loss and neurodegeneration and might contribute to a failure of synaptic plasticity and hence to cognitive decline.
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Monserrat Hernández-Hernández E, Serrano-García C, Antonio Vázquez-Roque R, Díaz A, Monroy E, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Florán B, Flores G. Chronic administration of resveratrol prevents morphological changes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of aged rats. Synapse 2016; 70:206-17. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Serrano-García
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; México
| | | | - Alfonso Díaz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Puebla México
| | - Elibeth Monroy
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; México
| | | | - Benjamin Florán
- Departamento de Fisiología; Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados IPN; DF México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; México
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Zhang SF, Dong YC, Zhang XF, Wu XG, Cheng JJ, Guan LH, Shang YZ. Flavonoids from Scutellaria attenuate okadaic acid-induced neuronal damage in rats. Brain Inj 2015; 29:1376-82. [DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2015.1042053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Arsenault D, Dal-Pan A, Tremblay C, Bennett DA, Guitton MJ, De Koninck Y, Tonegawa S, Calon F. PAK inactivation impairs social recognition in 3xTg-AD Mice without increasing brain deposition of tau and Aβ. J Neurosci 2013; 33:10729-40. [PMID: 23804095 PMCID: PMC4019789 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1501-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in p21-activated kinase (PAK) are suspected to play a role in cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysfunction in PAK leads to cofilin activation, drebrin displacement from its actin-binding site, actin depolymerization/severing, and, ultimately, defects in spine dynamics and cognitive impairment in mice. To determine the role of PAK in AD, we first quantified PAK by immunoblotting in homogenates from the parietal neocortex of subjects with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (n = 12), mild cognitive impairment (n = 12), or AD (n = 12). A loss of total PAK, detected in the cortex of AD patients (-39% versus controls), was correlated with cognitive impairment (r(2) = 0.148, p = 0.027) and deposition of total and phosphorylated tau (r(2) = 0.235 and r(2) = 0.206, respectively), but not with Aβ42 (r(2) = 0.056). Accordingly, we found a decrease of total PAK in the cortex of 12- and 20-month-old 3xTg-AD mice, an animal model of AD-like Aβ and tau neuropathologies. To determine whether PAK dysfunction aggravates AD phenotype, 3xTg-AD mice were crossed with dominant-negative PAK mice. PAK inactivation led to obliteration of social recognition in old 3xTg-AD mice, which was associated with a decrease in cortical drebrin (-25%), but without enhancement of Aβ/tau pathology or any clear electrophysiological signature. Overall, our data suggest that PAK decrease is a consequence of AD neuropathology and that therapeutic activation of PAK may exert symptomatic benefits on high brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Arsenault
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dal-Pan
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
| | - Cyntia Tremblay
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Matthieu J. Guitton
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, G1J 2G3, Canada, and
| | - Yves De Koninck
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, G1J 2G3, Canada, and
| | - Susumu Tonegawa
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Quebec, Canada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 2L9, Canada
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Hippocampal synaptic activity, pattern separation and episodic-like memory: implications for mouse models of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:902-9. [PMID: 21787321 DOI: 10.1042/bst0390902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes converging evidence from animal and human studies that an early target of amyloid pathology is synaptic activity in the DG (dentate gyrus)/CA3 network. We briefly review the computational significance of the DG/CA3 network in the encoding of episodic memory and present new evidence that the CA3/DG pattern of activation is compromised in a mouse model of amyloid pathology. In addition, we present a new behavioural method to test the prediction that amyloid-related synaptic pathology will disrupt the formation of an integrated episodic-like (what, where and when) memory in mice.
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Abstract
General or brain-region-specific decreases in spine number or morphology accompany major neuropsychiatric disorders. It is unclear, however, whether changes in spine density are specific for an individual mental process or disorder and, if so, which molecules confer such specificity. Here we identify the scaffolding protein IQGAP1 as a key regulator of dendritic spine number with a specific role in cognitive but not emotional or motivational processes. We show that IQGAP1 is an important component of NMDAR multiprotein complexes and functionally interacts with the NR2A subunits and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 signaling pathway. Mice lacking the IQGAP1 gene exhibited significantly lower levels of surface NR2A and impaired ERK activity compared to their wild-type littermates. Accordingly, primary hippocampal cultures of IQGAP1(-/-) neurons exhibited reduced surface expression of NR2A and disrupted ERK signaling in response to NR2A-dependent NMDAR stimulation. These molecular changes were accompanied by region-specific reductions of dendritic spine density in key brain areas involved in cognition, emotion, and motivation. IQGAP1 knock-outs exhibited marked long-term memory deficits accompanied by impaired hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in a weak cellular learning model; in contrast, LTP was unaffected when induced with stronger stimulation paradigms. Anxiety- and depression-like behavior remained intact. On the basis of these findings, we propose that a dysfunctional IQGAP1 gene contributes to the cognitive deficits in brain disorders characterized by fewer dendritic spines.
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Juárez I, González DJ, Mena R, Flores G. The chronic administration of cerebrolysin induces plastic changes in the prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus in aged mice. Synapse 2011; 65:1128-35. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Alcantara-Gonzalez F, Juarez I, Solis O, Martinez-Tellez I, Camacho-Abrego I, Masliah E, Mena R, Flores G. Enhanced dendritic spine number of neurons of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens in old rats after chronic donepezil administration. Synapse 2010; 64:786-93. [PMID: 20336627 PMCID: PMC2948955 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease brains, morphological changes in the dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus have been observed. These changes are particularly reflected in the decrement of both the dendritic tree and spine number. Donepezil is a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. We have studied the effect of oral administration of this drug on the morphology of neuronal cells from the brain of aged rats. We examined dendrites of pyramidal neurons of the PFC, dorsal or ventral hippocampus (VH), and medium spiny neurons of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Donepezil (1 mg/kg, vo) was administrated every day for 60 days to rats aged 10 and 18 months. Dendritic morphology was studied by the Golgi-Cox stain procedure followed by Sholl analysis at 12 and 20 months ages, respectively. In all Donepezil-treated rats, a significant increment of the dendritic spines number in pyramidal neurons of the PFC and dorsal hippocampus was observed. However, pyramidal neurons of the VH and medium spiny cells of the NAcc only showed an increase in the number of their spines in 12-month-old rats. Our results suggest that Donepezil prevents the alterations of the neuronal dendrite morphology caused by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviola Alcantara-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Ismael Juarez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Oscar Solis
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Isaura Martinez-Tellez
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Israel Camacho-Abrego
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0624, USA
| | - Raul Mena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, CINVESTAV-IPN, México D.F., México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. 14 Sur 6301, CP: 72570, Puebla, México
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15
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Schulz-Schaeffer WJ. The synaptic pathology of alpha-synuclein aggregation in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120:131-43. [PMID: 20563819 PMCID: PMC2892607 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are usually associated with loss of dopaminergic neurons. Loss of substantia nigra neurons and presence of Lewy body inclusions in some of the remaining neurons are the hallmark pathology seen in the final stages of the disease. Attempts to correlate Lewy body pathology to either cell death or severity of clinical symptoms, however, have not been successful. While the pathophysiology of the neurodegenerative process can hardly be explained by Lewy bodies, the clinical symptoms do indicate a degenerative process located at the presynapse resulting in a neurotransmitter deficiency. Recently it was shown that 90% or even more of alpha-synuclein aggregates in DLB cases were located at the presynapses in the form of very small deposits. In parallel, dendritic spines are retracted, whereas the presynapses are relatively preserved, suggesting a neurotransmitter deprivation. The same alpha-synuclein pathology can be demonstrated for PD. These findings give rise to the notion that not cell death but rather alpha-synuclein aggregate-related synaptic dysfunction causes the neurodegeneration. This opens new perspectives for understanding PD and DLB. If presynaptic alpha-synuclein aggregation, not neuronal loss, is the key issue of the neurodegenerative process, then PD and DLB may eventually be treatable in the future. The disease may progress via trans-synaptical spread, suggesting that stem cell transplants are of limited use. Future therapies may focus on the regeneration of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J Schulz-Schaeffer
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany.
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16
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Aoki C, Kojima N, Sabaliauskas N, Shah L, Ahmed TH, Oakford J, Ahmed T, Yamazaki H, Hanamura K, Shirao T. Drebrin a knockout eliminates the rapid form of homeostatic synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses of intact adult cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 2009; 517:105-21. [PMID: 19711416 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) is important for maintaining neurons' excitability within the dynamic range and for protecting neurons from unconstrained long-term potentiation that can cause breakdown of synapse specificity (Turrigiano [2008] Cell 135:422-435). Knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains incomplete, especially for the rapid form of HSP. To test whether HSP in adulthood depends on an F-actin binding protein, drebrin A, mice deleted of the adult isoform of drebrin (DAKO) but retaining the embryonic isoform (drebrin E) were generated. HSP was assayed by determining whether the NR2A subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) can rise rapidly within spines following the application of an NMDAR antagonist, D-APV, onto the cortical surface. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that, as expected, the D-APV treatment of wild-type (WT) mouse cortex increased the proportion of NR2A-immunolabeled spines within 30 minutes relative to basal levels in hemispheres treated with an inactive enantiomer, L-APV. This difference was significant at the postsynaptic membrane and postsynaptic density (i.e., synaptic junction) as well as at nonsynaptic sites within spines and was not accompanied by spine size changes. In contrast, the D-APV treatment of DAKO brains did not augment NR2A labeling within the spine cytoplasm or at the synaptic junction, even though basal levels of NR2A were not significantly different from those of WT cortices. These findings indicate that drebrin A is required for the rapid (<30 minutes) form of HSP at excitatory synapses of adult cortices, whereas drebrin E is sufficient for maintaining basal NR2A levels within spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiye Aoki
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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17
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Arendt T. Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2009; 118:167-79. [PMID: 19390859 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-009-0536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic loss is the major neurobiological substrate of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic failure is an early event in the pathogenesis that is clearly detectable already in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal state of AD. It progresses during the course of AD and in most early stages involves mechanisms of compensation before reaching a stage of decompensated function. This dynamic process from an initially reversible functionally responsive stage of down-regulation of synaptic function to stages irreversibly associated with degeneration might be related to a disturbance of structural brain self-organization and involves morpho-regulatory molecules such as the amyloid precursor protein. Further, recent evidence suggests a role for diffusible oligomers of amyloid beta in synaptic dysfunction. To form synaptic connections and to continuously re-shape them in a process of ongoing structural adaptation, neurons must permanently withdraw from the cell cycle. Previously, we formulated the hypothesis that differentiated neurons after having withdrawn from the cell cycle are able to use molecular mechanisms primarily developed to control proliferation alternatively to control synaptic plasticity. The existence of these alternative effector pathways within neurons might put them at risk of erroneously converting signals derived from plastic synaptic changes into the program of cell cycle activation, which subsequently leads to cell death. The molecular mechanisms involved in cell cycle activation might, thus, link aberrant synaptic changes to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arendt
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Jahnallee 59, 04109 Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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Sarro EC, Kotak VC, Sanes DH, Aoki C. Hearing loss alters the subcellular distribution of presynaptic GAD and postsynaptic GABAA receptors in the auditory cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 18:2855-67. [PMID: 18403398 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have shown previously that auditory experience regulates the maturation of excitatory synapses in the auditory cortex (ACx). In this study, we used electron microscopic immunocytochemistry to determine whether the heightened excitability of the ACx following neonatal sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) also involves pre- or postsynaptic alterations of GABAergic synapses. SNHL was induced in gerbils just prior to the onset of hearing (postnatal day 10). At P17, the gamma-aminobutyri acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor's beta2/3-subunit (GABA(A)beta2/3) clusters residing at plasma membranes in layers 2/3 of ACx was reduced significantly in size (P < 0.05) and number (P < 0.005), whereas the overall number of immunoreactive puncta (intracellular + plasmalemmal) remained unchanged. The reduction of GABA(A)beta2/3 was observed along perikaryal plasma membranes of excitatory neurons but not of GABAergic interneurons. This cell-specific change can contribute to the enhanced excitability of SNHL ACx. Presynaptically, GABAergic axon terminals were significantly larger but less numerous and contained 47% greater density of glutamic acid decarboxylase immunoreactivity (P < 0.05). This suggests that GABA synthesis may be upregulated by a retrograde signal arising from lowered levels of postsynaptic GABA(A)R. Thus, both, the pre- and postsynaptic sides of inhibitory synapses that form upon pyramidal neurons of the ACx are regulated by neonatal auditory experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Sarro
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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