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Carli ALE, Hardy JM, Hoblos H, Ernst M, Lucet IS, Buchert M. Structure-Guided Prediction of the Functional Impact of DCLK1 Mutations on Tumorigenesis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030990. [PMID: 36979969 PMCID: PMC10046695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a functional serine/threonine (S/T)-kinase and a member of the doublecortin family of proteins which are characterized by their ability to bind to microtubules (MTs). DCLK1 is a proposed cancer driver gene, and its upregulation is associated with poor overall survival in several solid cancer types. However, how DCLK1 associates with MTs and how its kinase function contributes to pro-tumorigenic processes is poorly understood. This review builds on structural models to propose not only the specific functions of the domains but also attempts to predict the impact of individual somatic missense mutations on DCLK1 functions. Somatic missense mutations in DCLK1 are most frequently located within the N-terminal MT binding region and likely impact on the ability of DCLK1 to bind to αβ-tubulin and to polymerize and stabilize MTs. Moreover, the MT binding affinity of DCLK1 is negatively regulated by its auto-phosphorylation, and therefore mutations that affect kinase activity are predicted to indirectly alter MT dynamics. The emerging picture portrays DCLK1 as an MT-associated protein whose interactions with tubulin heterodimers and MTs are tightly controlled processes which, when disrupted, may confer pro-tumorigenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa L E Carli
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Joshua M Hardy
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hanadi Hoblos
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- ACRF Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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2
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Tokunaga Y, Otsuyama KI, Kakuta S, Hayashida N. Heat Shock Transcription Factor 2 Is Significantly Involved in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cancer, Male Infertility, and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: The Novel Mechanisms of Several Severe Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213763. [PMID: 36430241 PMCID: PMC9691173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
HSF (heat shock transcription factor or heat shock factor) was discovered as a transcription factor indispensable for heat shock response. Although four classical HSFs were discovered in mammals and two major HSFs, HSF1 and HSF2, were cloned in the same year of 1991, only HSF1 was intensively studied because HSF1 can give rise to heat shock response through the induction of various HSPs' expression. On the other hand, HSF2 was not well studied for some time, which was probably due to an underestimate of HSF2 itself. Since the beginning of the 21st century, HSF2 research has progressed and many biologically significant functions of HSF2 have been revealed. For example, the roles of HSF2 in nervous system protection, inflammation, maintenance of mitosis and meiosis, and cancer cell survival and death have been gradually unveiled. However, we feel that the fact HSF2 has a relationship with various factors is not yet widely recognized; therefore, the biological significance of HSF2 has been underestimated. We strongly hope to widely communicate the significance of HSF2 to researchers and readers in broad research fields through this review. In addition, we also hope that many readers will have great interest in the molecular mechanism in which HSF2 acts as an active transcription factor and gene bookmarking mechanism of HSF2 during cell cycle progression, as is summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Tokunaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
- Institute of Gene Research, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Otsuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kakuta
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Hayashida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2359
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3
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Coomans C, Saaltink DJ, Deboer T, Tersteeg M, Lanooij S, Schneider AF, Mulder A, van Minnen J, Jost C, Koster AJ, Vreugdenhil E. Doublecortin-like expressing astrocytes of the suprachiasmatic nucleus are implicated in the biosynthesis of vasopressin and influences circadian rhythms. Glia 2021; 69:2752-2766. [PMID: 34343377 PMCID: PMC9291169 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have recently identified a novel plasticity protein, doublecortin-like (DCL), that is specifically expressed in the shell of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). DCL is implicated in neuroplastic events, such as neurogenesis, that require structural rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton, enabling dynamic movements of cell bodies and dendrites. We have inspected DCL expression in the SCN by confocal microscopy and found that DCL is expressed in GABA transporter-3 (GAT3)-positive astrocytes that envelope arginine vasopressin (AVP)-expressing cells. To investigate the role of these DCL-positive astrocytes in circadian rhythmicity, we have used transgenic mice expressing doxycycline-induced short-hairpin (sh) RNA's targeting DCL mRNA (DCL knockdown mice). Compared with littermate wild type (WT) controls, DCL-knockdown mice exhibit significant shorter circadian rest-activity periods in constant darkness and adjusted significantly faster to a jet-lag protocol. As DCL-positive astrocytes are closely associated with AVP-positive cells, we analyzed AVP expression in DCL-knockdown mice and in their WT littermates by 3D reconstructions and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found significantly higher numbers of AVP-positive cells with increased volume and more intensity in DCL-knockdown mice. We found alterations in the numbers of dense core vesicle-containing neurons at ZT8 and ZT20 suggesting that the peak and trough of neuropeptide biosynthesis is dampened in DCL-knockdown mice compared to WT littermates. Together, our data suggest an important role for the astrocytic plasticity in the regulation of circadian rhythms and point to the existence of a specific DCL+ astrocyte-AVP+ neuronal network located in the dorsal SCN implicated in AVP biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coomans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Saaltink
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mayke Tersteeg
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Lanooij
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Fleur Schneider
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aat Mulder
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Minnen
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Jost
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erno Vreugdenhil
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bereimipour A, Najafi H, Mirsane ES, Moradi S, Satarian L. Roles of miR-204 in retinal development and maintenance. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112737. [PMID: 34324864 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The retina is the innermost part of the eye of most vertebrates and it is essential for vision. The development, maintenance, and function of this laminated structure is tightly regulated by numerous genes. Deficiencies in the expression of these genes as well as deregulation of various molecular mechanisms can cause retinopathies and blindness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the most important and effective molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie the biology of the retina. miRNAs have specific functional roles in the development and maintenance of different retinal layers and retinal cell types. While previous studies have reported a large number of miRNAs linked to development, maintenance and diseases of the retina, no comprehensive study has properly discussed and integrated data from these studies. Given the particular importance of miR-204 in retinal biology, we intend to critically discuss the expression and functional significance of this miRNA in the development, maintenance, and pathologies of the retina. Moreover, we explore biological processes through which miR-204 influences retinal pathophysiology. This review highlights the crucial functions of miR-204 in the retina and suggests the putative mechanism of miR-204 action in retinal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Najafi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Mirsane
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Satarian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Adams MM. Short-term dietary restriction maintains synaptic plasticity whereas short-term overfeeding alters cellular dynamics in the aged brain: evidence from the zebrafish model organism. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 106:169-182. [PMID: 34284260 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased caloric intake (OF) impairs quality of life causing comorbidities with other diseases and cognitive deficits, whereas dietary restriction (DR) increases healthspan by preventing age-related deteriorations. To understand the effects of these opposing dietary regimens on the cellular and synaptic dynamics during brain aging, the zebrafish model, which shows gradual aging like mammals, was utilized. Global changes in cellular and synaptic markers with respect to age and a 12 week dietary regimen of OF and DR demonstrated that aging reduces the levels of the glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, inhibitory synaptic clustering protein, GEP, synaptic vesicle protein, SYP, and early-differentiated neuronal marker, HuC. DR significantly elevates levels of glutamate receptor subunits, GLUR2/3, and NMDA clustering protein, PSD95, levels, while OF subtly increases the level of the neuronal protein, DCAMKL1. These data suggest that decreased caloric intake within the context of aging has more robust effects on synapses than cellular proteins, whereas OF alters cellular dynamics. Thus, patterns like these should be taken into account for possible translation to human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
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6
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Bergoglio E, Suzuki IK, Togashi K, Tsuji M, Takeuchi S, Koizumi H, Emoto K. Spatial and temporal diversity of DCLK1 isoforms in developing mouse brain. Neurosci Res 2021; 170:154-165. [PMID: 33485913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a Doublecortin family kinase involved in a range of brain development processes including cell migration, axon/dendrite growth, and synapse development. The Dclk1 gene potentially generates multiple splicing isoforms, but the detailed expression patterns in the brain as well as in vivo functions of each isoform are still incompletely understood. Here we assessed expression patterns of DCLK1 isoforms using multiple platforms including in silico, in situ, and in vitro datasets in the developing mouse brain, and show quantitative evidence that among the four DCLK1 isoforms, DCLK1-L and DCL are mainly expressed in the embryonic cortex whereas DCLK1-L and CPG16 become dominant compared to DCL and CARP in the postnatal cortex. We also provide compelling evidence that DCLK1 isoforms are distributed in the partially distinct brain regions in the embryonic and the postnatal stages. We further show that overexpression of DCLK1-L, but not the other isoforms, in neural progenitors causes severe migration defects in the cortex, and that the migration defects are dependent on the kinase activity of DCLK1-L. Our data thus uncover partially segregated localization of DCLK1 isoforms in the developing mouse brain and suggest different roles for distinct DCLK1 isoforms in the brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Bergoglio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan
| | - Ikuo K Suzuki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Togashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koizumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Emoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Sharif A, Fitzsimons CP, Lucassen PJ. Neurogenesis in the adult hypothalamus: A distinct form of structural plasticity involved in metabolic and circadian regulation, with potential relevance for human pathophysiology. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:125-140. [PMID: 34225958 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The adult brain harbors specific niches where stem cells undergo substantial plasticity and, in some regions, generate new neurons throughout life. This phenomenon is well known in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampus and has recently also been described in the hypothalamus of several rodent and primate species. After a brief overview of preclinical studies illustrating the pathophysiologic significance of hypothalamic neurogenesis in the control of energy metabolism, reproduction, thermoregulation, sleep, and aging, we review current literature on the neurogenic niche of the human hypothalamus. A comparison of the organization of the niche between humans and rodents highlights some common features, but also substantial differences, e.g., in the distribution and extent of the hypothalamic neural stem cells. Exploring the full dynamics of hypothalamic neurogenesis in humans raises a formidable challenge however, given among others, inherent technical limitations. We close with discussing possible functional role(s) of the human hypothalamic niche, and how gaining more insights into this form of plasticity could be relevant for a better understanding of pathologies associated with disturbed hypothalamic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Sharif
- Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, University of Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Doublecortin-Like Is Implicated in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and in Motivational Aspects to Escape from an Aversive Environment in Male Mice. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0324-19.2020. [PMID: 32994174 PMCID: PMC7568604 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0324-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX)-like (DCL) is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein (MAP) that is highly homologous to DCX and is crucially involved in embryonic neurogenesis. Here, we have investigated the in vivo role of DCL in adult hippocampal neurogenesis by generating transgenic mice producing inducible shRNA molecules that specifically target DCL but no other splice variants produced by the DCLK gene. DCL knock-down (DCL-KD) resulted in a significant increase in the number of proliferating BrdU+ cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) 1 d after BrdU administration. However, the number of surviving newborn adult NeuN+/BrdU+ neurons are significantly decreased when inspected four weeks after BrdU administration suggesting a blockade of neuronal differentiation after DCL-KD. In line with this, we observed an increase in the number of proliferating cells, but a significant decrease in postmitotic DCX+ cells that are characterized by long dendrites spanning all dentate gyrus layers. Behavioral analysis showed that DCL-KD strongly extended the escape latency of mice on the circular hole board (CHB) but did not affect other aspects of this behavioral task. Together, our results indicate a function for DCL in adult neurogenesis and in the motivation to escape from an aversive environment. In contrast to DCX, its pivotal role in the maturation of postmitotic neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) marks DCL as a genuine adult neurogenesis indicator in the hippocampus.
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9
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Gstrein T, Edwards A, Přistoupilová A, Leca I, Breuss M, Pilat-Carotta S, Hansen AH, Tripathy R, Traunbauer AK, Hochstoeger T, Rosoklija G, Repic M, Landler L, Stránecký V, Dürnberger G, Keane TM, Zuber J, Adams DJ, Flint J, Honzik T, Gut M, Beltran S, Mechtler K, Sherr E, Kmoch S, Gut I, Keays DA. Mutations in Vps15 perturb neuronal migration in mice and are associated with neurodevelopmental disease in humans. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:207-217. [PMID: 29311744 PMCID: PMC5897053 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the vertebrate brain requires the generation, migration, differentiation and survival of neurons. Genetic mutations that perturb these critical cellular events can result in malformations of the telencephalon, providing a molecular window into brain development. Here we report the identification of an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mouse mutant characterized by a fractured hippocampal pyramidal cell layer, attributable to defects in neuronal migration. We show that this is caused by a hypomorphic mutation in Vps15 that perturbs endosomal-lysosomal trafficking and autophagy, resulting in an upregulation of Nischarin, which inhibits Pak1 signaling. The complete ablation of Vps15 results in the accumulation of autophagic substrates, the induction of apoptosis and severe cortical atrophy. Finally, we report that mutations in VPS15 are associated with cortical atrophy and epilepsy in humans. These data highlight the importance of the Vps15-Vps34 complex and the Nischarin-Pak1 signaling hub in the development of the telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gstrein
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew Edwards
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics (WTCHG), Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Přistoupilová
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ines Leca
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Breuss
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andi H Hansen
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Ratna Tripathy
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna K Traunbauer
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Hochstoeger
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gavril Rosoklija
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Repic
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Landler
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktor Stránecký
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gerhard Dürnberger
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Keane
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics (WTCHG), Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Honzik
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elliott Sherr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David A Keays
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocentre (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Breuss M, Morandell J, Nimpf S, Gstrein T, Lauwers M, Hochstoeger T, Braun A, Chan K, Sánchez Guajardo ER, Zhang L, Suplata M, Heinze KG, Elsayad K, Keays DA. The Expression of Tubb2b Undergoes a Developmental Transition in Murine Cortical Neurons. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2161-86. [PMID: 26105993 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of the mammalian brain requires the generation, migration, and differentiation of neurons, cellular processes that are dependent on a dynamic microtubule cytoskeleton. Mutations in tubulin genes, which encode for the structural subunits of microtubules, cause detrimental neurological disorders known as the tubulinopathies. The disease spectra associated with different tubulin genes are overlapping but distinct, an observation believed to reflect functional specification of this multigene family. Perturbation of the β-tubulin TUBB2B is known to cause polymicrogyria, pachygyria, microcephaly, and axon guidance defects. Here we provide a detailed analysis of the expression pattern of its murine homolog Tubb2b. The generation and characterization of BAC-transgenic eGFP reporter mouse lines has revealed that it is highly expressed in progenitors and postmitotic neurons during cortical development. This contrasts with the 8-week-old cortex, in which Tubb2b expression is restricted to macroglia, and expression is almost completely absent in mature neurons. This developmental transition in neurons is mirrored in the adult hippocampus and the cerebellum but is not a universal feature of Tubb2b; its expression persists in a population of postmitotic neurons in the 8-week-old retina. We propose that the dynamic spatial and temporal expression of Tubb2b reflects specific functional requirements of the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breuss
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Jasmin Morandell
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Simon Nimpf
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Gstrein
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Mattias Lauwers
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Tobias Hochstoeger
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Andreas Braun
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria.,Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | | | - Lijuan Zhang
- Advanced Microscopy, Campus Science Support Facilities (CSF), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Marek Suplata
- Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, DFG-Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - Kareem Elsayad
- Advanced Microscopy, Campus Science Support Facilities (CSF), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - David A Keays
- IMP-Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
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Hunter JM, Kiefer J, Balak CD, Jooma S, Ahearn ME, Hall JG, Baumbach-Reardon L. Review of X-linked syndromes with arthrogryposis or early contractures-aid to diagnosis and pathway identification. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:931-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M. Hunter
- Integrated Functional Cancer Genomics; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Jeff Kiefer
- Knowledge Mining; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Christopher D. Balak
- Integrated Functional Cancer Genomics; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Sonya Jooma
- Integrated Functional Cancer Genomics; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Mary Ellen Ahearn
- Integrated Functional Cancer Genomics; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Phoenix Arizona
| | - Judith G. Hall
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics; University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Vancouver; British Columbia Canada
| | - Lisa Baumbach-Reardon
- Integrated Functional Cancer Genomics; Translational Genomics Research Institute; Phoenix Arizona
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12
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Yang P, Zhang J, Shi H, Zhang J, Xu X, Xiao X, Liu Y. Developmental profile of neurogenesis in prenatal human hippocampus: an immunohistochemical study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:1-9. [PMID: 24999120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus has attracted the attention of the neuroscientists for its involvement in a wide spectrum of higher-order brain functions and pathological conditions, especially its persistent neurogenesis in subgranular zone (SGZ). The development of hippocampus was intensively investigated on animals such as rodents. However, in prenatal human hippocampus, little information on the distribution of neural stem/progenitor cells, newly generated neurons and mature neurons is available and the timetable of a series of neurogenesis event is even more obscure. So in the present study, we aim at immunohistochemically providing more information on neurogenesis in prenatal human hippocampus from 9 weeks to 32 weeks of gestation. We found that the ki67-positive cells were always detected in hippocampus from 9 weeks to 32 weeks, with a peak at 9 weeks in cornu ammonis (CA) or 14 weeks in dentate gyrus (DG). At 9 weeks the nestin-expressing cells were distributed throughout the hippocampus, with concentrated immunoreactivity in intermediate zone (IZ), marginal zone (MZ), fimbria, and relatively sparse immunoreactivity in the ventricular zone (VZ) and hippocampal plate (HP). With development, the optical density (OD) and the number of nestin-positive cells decreased gradually. At 32 weeks, there were relatively more nestin-positive cells in DG than that in CA. About DCX-positive cells, they displayed a similar distribution as nestin-positive cells (immunoreactivity concentrated in IZ, MZ, fimbria and HP) and a dramatic decrease of OD or cell number density from 9 weeks on. NeuN-positive cells, with small nuclei, were firstly found in MZ and subplate of hippocampus at 9 weeks. After 14 weeks, many NeuN-positive cells extended from subplate into HP and the density of NeuN-positive cells peaked at 22 weeks. That the immunoreactivity for NeuN was the strongest and the nuclei were the biggest at 32 weeks suggests that the neurons reach maturity gradually. Therefore this study provides an important timetable of neurogenesis in prenatal human hippocampus for the clinicians in neuroscience or pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hangyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xinli Xiao
- Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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13
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Saaltink DJ, Håvik B, Verissimo CS, Lucassen P, Vreugdenhil E. Doublecortin and doublecortin-like are expressed in overlapping and non-overlapping neuronal cell population: Implications for neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:2805-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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14
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Nakagomi T, Molnár Z, Taguchi A, Nakano-Doi A, Lu S, Kasahara Y, Nakagomi N, Matsuyama T. Leptomeningeal-derived doublecortin-expressing cells in poststroke brain. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2350-4. [PMID: 22339778 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) reside in many regions of the central nervous system (CNS), including the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle, subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, cortex, striatum, and spinal cord. Using a murine model of cortical infarction, we recently demonstrated that the leptomeninges (pia mater), which cover the entire cortex, also exhibit NSPC activity in response to ischemia. Pial-ischemia-induced NSPCs expressed NSPC markers such as nestin, formed neurosphere-like cell clusters with self-renewal activity, and differentiated into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, although they were not identical to previously reported NSPCs, such as SVZ astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and reactive astrocytes. In this study, we showed that leptomeningeal cells in the poststroke brain express the immature neuronal marker doublecortin as well as nestin. We also showed that these cells can migrate into the poststroke cortex. Thus, the leptomeninges may participate in CNS repair in response to brain injury.
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15
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Kuribara M, Jenks BG, Dijkmans TF, de Gouw D, Ouwens DTWM, Roubos EW, Vreugdenhil E, Scheenen WJJM. ERK-regulated double cortin-like kinase (DCLK)-short phosphorylation and nuclear translocation stimulate POMC gene expression in endocrine melanotrope cells. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2321-9. [PMID: 21447633 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether double cortin-like kinase-short (DCLK-short), a microtubule-associated Ser/Thr kinase predominantly expressed in the brain, is downstream of the ERK signaling pathway and is involved in proopiomelanocortin gene (POMC) expression in endocrine pituitary melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis. Melanotropes form a well-established model to study physiological aspects of neuroendocrine plasticity. The amphibian X. laevis adapts its skin color to the background light intensity by the release of α-MSH from the melanotrope cell. In frogs on a white background, melanotropes are inactive but they are activated during adaptation to a black background. Our results show that melanotrope activation is associated with an increase in DCLK-short mRNA and with phosphorylation of DCLK-short at serine at position 30 (Ser-30). Upon cell activation phosphorylated Ser-30-DCLK-short was translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and the ERK blocker U0126 inhibited this process. The mutation of Ser-30 to alanine also inhibited the translocation and reduced POMC expression, whereas overexpression stimulated POMC expression. This is the first demonstration of DCLK-short in a native endocrine cell. We conclude that DCLK-short is physiologically regulated at both the level of its gene expression and protein phosphorylation and that the kinase is effectively regulating POMC gene expression upon its ERK-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kuribara
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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16
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Cholinergic influences on cortical development and adult neurogenesis. Behav Brain Res 2011; 221:379-88. [PMID: 21272598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on immature neurons and their regulation by the cholinergic system, both during cortical development as well as during adult neurogenesis. We discuss various studies that indicate roles for acetylcholine in precursor development and neuronal differentiation. Cholinergic neurons projecting from the basal forebrain innervate the cerebral cortex during critical periods of neuronal development. Acetylcholine stimulation may help to promote a favourable environment for neuronal maturation. Afferents and their cortical target cells interact and are likely to influence each other during the establishment and refinement of connections. Intracortical cholinergic interneurons similarly have a local effect on cortical circuits. Reduced cholinergic innervation during development hence leads to reduced cortical thickness and dendritic abnormalities. Acetylcholine is also likely to play a critical role in neuronal plasticity, as shown in the visual and barrel cortices. Spontaneous nicotinic excitation is also important during a brief developmental window in the first postnatal weeks leading to waves of neural activity, likely to have an effect on neurite extension, target selection and synaptogenesis. In the hippocampus such activity plays a role in the maturation of GABAergic synapses during the developmental shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing transmission. The cholinergic system also seems likely to regulate hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult, positively promoting proliferation, differentiation, integration and potentially survival of newborn neurons.
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Gaughwin P, Ciesla M, Yang H, Lim B, Brundin P. Stage-specific modulation of cortical neuronal development by Mmu-miR-134. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:1857-69. [PMID: 21228099 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
To realize the potential of microRNAs (miRs) as fine-tuning regulators of embryonic neuronal differentiation, it is critical to define their developmental function. Mmu-miR-134 (miR-134) is a powerful inducer of pluripotent stem cell differentiation. However, its functional role during embryonic, neuronal development is unknown. We demonstrate that mature, miR-134 transcript levels elevate during embryonic, neuronal differentiation in vitro and in vivo. To define the developmental targets and function of miR-134, we identified multiple brain-expressed targets including the neural progenitor cell-enriched, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Chordin-like 1 (Chrdl-1) and the postmitotic, neuron-specific, microtubule-associated protein, Doublecortin (Dcx). We show that, through interaction with Dcx and/or Chrdl-1, miR-134 has stage-specific effects on cortical progenitors, migratory neurons, and differentiated neurons. In neural progenitors, miR-134 promotes cell proliferation and counteracts Chrdl-1-induced apoptosis and Dcx-induced differentiation in vitro. In neurons, miR-134 reduces cell migration in vitro and in vivo in a Dcx-dependent manner. In differentiating neurons, miR-134 modulates process outgrowth in response to exogenous BMP-4 in a noggin-reversible manner. Taken together, we present Dcx and Chrdl-1 as new regulatory targets of miR-134 during embryonic, mouse, cortical, and neuronal differentiation and show a novel and previously undiscovered role for miR-134 in the stage-specific modulation of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gaughwin
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, A*STAR Genome Institute of Singapore 138672, Singapore.
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Schenk GJ, Vreugdenhil E, Hubens CJY, Veldhuisen B, de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS. Hippocampal CARP over-expression solidifies consolidation of contextual fear memories. Physiol Behav 2010; 102:323-31. [PMID: 21130104 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Doublecortin-Like Kinase (DCLK) gene is involved in neuronal migration during development. Through alternative splicing the DCLK gene also produces a transcript called Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-related peptide (CARP) that is expressed exclusively during adulthood in response to neuronal activity. The function of CARP, however, is poorly understood. To study CARP function, we have generated transgenic mice with over-expression of the CARP transcript in, amongst other brain areas, the hippocampus. We aimed to characterize possible behavioral adaptations of these mice by using a Pavlovian fear conditioning approach. This type of fear conditioning, in which both the hippocampus and amygdala are critically involved, allows studying the formation and extinction of fear related memories. We here report on the behavioral adaptations of two distinct transgenic lines: one with high levels of CARP in the hippocampus and amygdala, whilst the other has high levels of CARP in the hippocampal formation, but not in the amygdala. We tested both mouse lines separately by comparing them to their wild-type littermate controls. We provide evidence suggesting consolidation of contextual fear memories is strengthened in mice of both transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Schenk
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Schenk GJ, Veldhuisen B, Wedemeier O, McGown CC, Schouten TG, Oitzl M, de Kloet ER, Vreugdenhil E. Over-expression of δC-DCLK-short in mouse brain results in a more anxious behavioral phenotype. Physiol Behav 2010; 101:541-8. [PMID: 20705078 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Products of the Doublecortin-Like Kinase (DCLK) gene are associated with cortical migration and hippocampal maturation during embryogenesis. However, the functions of those DCLK gene transcripts that encode kinases and are expressed during adulthood are incompletely understood. To elucidate potential functions of these DCLK gene splice variants we have generated and analyzed transgenic mice with neuronal over-expression of a truncated, constitutively active form of DCLK-short, designated δC-DCLK-short. Previously, we have performed an extensive molecular characterization of these transgenic δC-DCLK-short mice and established that a specific subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, which is involved in anxiety-related GABAergic neurotransmission, is down-regulated in the hippocampus. Here we show that δC-DCLK-short mRNA is highly expressed in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala of transgenic mice. We provide evidence that the δC-DCLK-short protein is expressed and functional. In addition, we examined anxiety-related behavior in δC-DCLK-short mice in the elevated plus maze. Interestingly, δC-DCLK-short mice spend less time, move less in the open arms of the maze and show a reduction in the number of rim dips. These behaviors indicate that δC-DCLK-short mice display a more anxious behavioral phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert J Schenk
- Division of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Rouwette TPH, Kozicz T, Olde Loohuis NFM, Gaszner B, Vreugdenhil E, Scheffer GJ, Roubos EW, Vissers KC, Scheenen WJJM. Acute pain increases phosphorylation of DCLK-long in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus but not in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2010; 11:930-40. [PMID: 20418180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The doublecortin-like kinase (DCLK) gene is crucially involved in neuronal plasticity and microtubule-guided retrograde transport of signaling molecules. We have explored the possibility that DCLK is involved in pain-induced signaling events in adult male Wistar rats. Our results show that both DCLK-short and DCLK-long splice variants are present in the cell body and proximal dendrites of neurons in stress-related nuclei, ie, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and the non-preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus (npEW) in the rostroventral periaqueductal grey. We found that DCLK-long but not DCLK-short is phosphorylated in its serine/proline-rich domain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of DCLK-long in the npEW is increased by acute pain, whereas DCLK-long phosphorylation in the PVN remains unaffected. This is the first report revealing that DCLK isoforms in the PVN and npEW occur in the adult mammalian brain and that pain differentially affects DCLK-long-mediated neuronal plasticity in these 2 stress-sensitive brain centers. PERSPECTIVE Pain is a burden for society and the individual, and although the mechanisms underlying pain are relatively well known, its treatment remains difficult and incomplete. Pain stress can lead to diseases like chronic pain and depression. The differential DCLK-phosphorylation in stress-sensitive brain areas is a potential novel therapeutic target in pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P H Rouwette
- Department of Cellular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Boer K, Lucassen PJ, Spliet WGM, Vreugdenhil E, van Rijen PC, Troost D, Jansen FE, Aronica E. Doublecortin-like (DCL) expression in focal cortical dysplasia and cortical tubers. Epilepsia 2009; 50:2629-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02191.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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