1
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Hahn JD, Duckworth C. A brain flatmap data visualization tool for mouse, rat, and human. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1008-1016. [PMID: 37002855 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide open-access brain data flatmap visualization and analysis tools for the mouse, rat, and human. The present work stems from a previous JCN Toolbox article that introduced a novel flatmap of the mouse brain and substantially enhanced flatmaps of the rat and human brain. These brain flatmap data visualization tools enable computer-generated graphical flatmap representation of tabulated user-entered data. For mouse and rat, they are designed to accommodate data resolved spatially up to the level of gray matter regions, supported by parcellation and nomenclature defined in current brain reference atlases. For human, Brodmann cerebral cortical parcellation is emphasized, and all other major brain divisions are represented. A comprehensive user guide is included along with several use examples. These brain data visualization tools enable the tabulation and automatic graphical flatmap representation of any type of mouse, rat, or human brain data that is spatially localized. The formalized presentation afforded by these graphical tools facilitates comparative analysis between data sets within or between the represented species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Chloe Duckworth
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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2
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Zhang H, Xu L, Yu J, Li J, Wang J. Identification of autism spectrum disorder based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy using adaptive spatiotemporal graph convolution network. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132231. [PMID: 36968494 PMCID: PMC10038196 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of great practical significance in clinical practice. The spontaneous hemodynamic fluctuations were collected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from the bilateral frontal and temporal cortices of typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD. Since traditional machine learning and deep learning methods cannot make full use of the potential spatial dependence between variable pairs, and require a long time series to diagnose ASD. Therefore, we use adaptive spatiotemporal graph convolution network (ASGCN) and short time series to classify ASD and TD. To capture spatial and temporal features of fNIRS multivariable time series without the pre-defined graph, we combined the improved adaptive graph convolution network (GCN) and gated recurrent units (GRU). We conducted a series of experiments on the fNIRS dataset, and found that only using 2.1 s short time series could achieve high precision classification, with an accuracy of 95.4%. This suggests that our approach may have the potential to detect pathological signals in autism patients within 2.1 s. In different brain regions, the left frontal lobe has the best classification effect, and the abnormalities occur more frequently in left hemisphere and frontal lobe region. Moreover, we also found that there were correlations between multiple channels, which had different degrees of influence on the classification of ASD. From this, we can also generalize to a wider range, there may be potential correlations between different brain regions. This may help to better understand the cortical mechanism of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lingyu Xu
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Jie Yu
| | - Jun Li
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab for Behavioral Economic Science & Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Šimić G, Krsnik Ž, Knezović V, Kelović Z, Mathiasen ML, Junaković A, Radoš M, Mulc D, Španić E, Quattrocolo G, Hall VJ, Zaborszky L, Vukšić M, Olucha Bordonau F, Kostović I, Witter MP, Hof PR. Prenatal development of the human entorhinal cortex. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2711-2748. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Vinka Knezović
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Zlatko Kelović
- Department of Anatomy University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Mathias Lysholt Mathiasen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK Denmark
| | - Alisa Junaković
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Milan Radoš
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Damir Mulc
- Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Giulia Quattrocolo
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO Norway
| | - Vanessa Jane Hall
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, DK Denmark
| | - Laszlo Zaborszky
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Mario Vukšić
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Francisco Olucha Bordonau
- Department of Medicine School of Medical Sciences Universitat Jaume I Castellón de la Plana ES Spain
| | - Ivica Kostović
- Department of Neuroscience Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, HR Croatia
| | - Menno P. Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO Norway
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
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4
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Bruner E. A network approach to the topological organization of the Brodmann map. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3504-3515. [PMID: 35485307 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Brain morphology is the result of functional factors associated with cortical areas, but it is also influenced by structural aspects due to physical and spatial constraints. Despite the noticeable advances in brain mapping, Brodmann's map is still used in many research fields that rely on macroscopic cortical features for practical or theoretical issues. Here, the topological relationships among the Brodmann areas were modelled according to the principles of network analysis, in order to provide a synthetic view of their spatial properties following a criterion of contiguity. The model evidences the importance of the parieto-temporal region in terms of biological burden and topological complexity. The retrosplenial region is particularly influenced by spatial constraints, and the cingulate cortex occupies a position that bridges the anterior and posterior topological blocks. Such spatial framework should be taken into account when dealing with brain morphology in both ontogeny and phylogeny. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
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5
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Lee CH, Kim HS, Kim YS, Jung S, Yoon CH, Kwon OY. Cerebral current-source distribution associated with pain improvement by non-invasive painless signaling therapy in patients with failed back surgery syndrome. Korean J Pain 2021; 34:437-446. [PMID: 34593661 PMCID: PMC8494963 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2021.34.4.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive painless signaling therapy (NPST) is an electro-cutaneous treatment that converts endogenous pain information into synthetic non-pain information. This study explored whether pain improvement by NPST in failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients is related to cerebral modulation. METHODS Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis was performed in 11 patients with FBSS. Subjects received daily NPST for 5 days. Before the first treatment, patients completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and Beck Depression Inventory and underwent baseline EEG. After the final treatment, they responded again to the BPI, reported the percent pain improvement (PPI), and then underwent post-treatment EEG. If the PPI grade was zero, they were assigned to the ineffective group, while all others were assigned to the effective group. We used standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) to explore the EEG current-source distribution (CSD) associated with pain improvement by NPST. RESULTS The 11 participants had a median age of 67.0 years, and 63.6% were female. The sLORETA images revealed a beta-2 CSD increment in 12 voxels of the right anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and the right medial frontal area. The point of maximal CSD changes was in the right ACG. The alpha band CSD increased in 2 voxels of the left transverse gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Pain improvement by NPST in FBSS patients was associated with increased cerebral activity, mainly in the right ACG. The change in afferent information induced by NPST seems to be associated with cerebral pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Han Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Seop Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seokwon Jung
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chul Ho Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Oh-Young Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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6
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Yamamori T. Functional visualization and manipulation in the marmoset brain using viral vectors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 60:11-16. [PMID: 34280704 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The common marmoset, a New World monkey, has a primate-specific cortex with approximately 40 Brodmann areas. Genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI) techniques have been applied to study the functional organization of the marmoset cortex. The success of GCaMP (a green fluorescent of GECI) imaging and other advances, including optogenetic approaches, provide an interesting and exciting opportunity to study the primate brain at the molecular and cellular levels, leading to an understanding of primate neural circuits. These approaches will help advance our knowledge on cognition in primates, including humans, and therapy for human neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamamori
- Center for Brain Science, Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Japan.
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7
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Šimić G, Tkalčić M, Vukić V, Mulc D, Španić E, Šagud M, Olucha-Bordonau FE, Vukšić M, R. Hof P. Understanding Emotions: Origins and Roles of the Amygdala. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060823. [PMID: 34072960 PMCID: PMC8228195 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, ventral striatum, putamen, caudate nucleus, and ventral tegmental area. Feelings are conscious, emotional experiences of these activations that contribute to neuronal networks mediating thoughts, language, and behavior, thus enhancing the ability to predict, learn, and reappraise stimuli and situations in the environment based on previous experiences. Contemporary theories of emotion converge around the key role of the amygdala as the central subcortical emotional brain structure that constantly evaluates and integrates a variety of sensory information from the surroundings and assigns them appropriate values of emotional dimensions, such as valence, intensity, and approachability. The amygdala participates in the regulation of autonomic and endocrine functions, decision-making and adaptations of instinctive and motivational behaviors to changes in the environment through implicit associative learning, changes in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, and activation of the fight-or-flight response via efferent projections from its central nucleus to cortical and subcortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mladenka Tkalčić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Vana Vukić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Damir Mulc
- University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Marina Šagud
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | - Mario Vukšić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (V.V.); (E.Š.); (M.V.)
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 07305, USA;
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8
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Wang Q, Siok WT. Intracranial recording in patients with aphasia using nanomaterial-based flexible electronics: promises and challenges. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:330-342. [PMID: 33889479 PMCID: PMC8042484 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have studied how nanotechnology could enhance neuroimaging techniques. The application of nanomaterial-based flexible electronics has the potential to advance conventional intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) by utilising brain-compatible soft nanomaterials. The resultant technique has significantly high spatial and temporal resolution, both of which enhance the localisation of brain functions and the mapping of dynamic language processing. This review presents findings on aphasia, an impairment in language and communication, and discusses how different brain imaging techniques, including positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and iEEG, have advanced our understanding of the neural networks underlying language and reading processing. We then outline the strengths and weaknesses of iEEG in studying human cognition and the development of intracranial recordings that use brain-compatible flexible electrodes. We close by discussing the potential advantages and challenges of future investigations adopting nanomaterial-based flexible electronics for intracranial recording in patients with aphasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Wang
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Ting Siok
- Department of Linguistics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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9
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Babić Leko M, Hof PR, Šimić G. Alterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:379-421. [PMID: 33785136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood. Here we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems in AD, emphasizing the importance of interactions between the serotonergic and the other subcortical modulatory systems during the progression of AD. In physiological conditions, all neurotransmitter systems function in concert and are interdependent at both the neuroanatomical and molecular levels. Through their early involvement in AD, cognitive and behavioral abilities that rely on their interactions also become disrupted. Considering that serotonin (5HT) regulates the release of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), any alteration in 5HT levels leads to disturbance of NA, DA, and ACh homeostasis in the brain. One of the earliest pathological changes during the prodromal phase of AD is a decrease of serotonergic transmission throughout the brain, with serotonergic receptors being also affected. Additionally, serotonergic and noradrenergic as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic nuclei are reciprocally interconnected. As the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is affected by pathological changes early in AD, and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit AD-related pathological changes, their connectivity also becomes altered in AD. Such disrupted interactions among neurotransmitter systems in AD can be used in the development of multi-target drugs. Some of the potential AD therapeutics (such as ASS234, RS67333, tropisetron) target multiple neurotransmitter systems to achieve the best possible improvement of cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD. Here, we review how serotonergic system interacts with other subcortical modulatory systems (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems) during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
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10
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Hahn JD, Swanson LW, Bowman I, Foster NN, Zingg B, Bienkowski MS, Hintiryan H, Dong HW. An open access mouse brain flatmap and upgraded rat and human brain flatmaps based on current reference atlases. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:576-594. [PMID: 32511750 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a flatmap of the mouse central nervous system (CNS) (brain) and substantially enhanced flatmaps of the rat and human brain. Also included are enhanced representations of nervous system white matter tracts, ganglia, and nerves, and an enhanced series of 10 flatmaps showing different stages of rat brain development. The adult mouse and rat brain flatmaps provide layered diagrammatic representation of CNS divisions, according to their arrangement in corresponding reference atlases: Brain Maps 4.0 (BM4, rat) (Swanson, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2018, 526, 935-943), and the first version of the Allen Reference Atlas (mouse) (Dong, The Allen reference atlas, (book + CD-ROM): A digital color brain atlas of the C57BL/6J male mouse, 2007). To facilitate comparative analysis, both flatmaps are scaled equally, and the divisional hierarchy of gray matter follows a topographic arrangement used in BM4. Also included with the mouse and rat brain flatmaps are cerebral cortex atlas level contours based on the reference atlases, and direct graphical and tabular comparison of regional parcellation. To encourage use of the brain flatmaps, they were designed and organized, with supporting reference tables, for ease-of-use and to be amenable to computational applications. We demonstrate how they can be adapted to represent novel parcellations resulting from experimental data, and we provide a proof-of-concept for how they could form the basis of a web-based graphical data viewer and analysis platform. The mouse, rat, and human brain flatmap vector graphics files (Adobe Reader/Acrobat viewable and Adobe Illustrator editable) and supporting tables are provided open access; they constitute a broadly applicable neuroscience toolbox resource for researchers seeking to map and perform comparative analysis of brain data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA.,Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Larry W Swanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ian Bowman
- Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicholas N Foster
- Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian Zingg
- Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael S Bienkowski
- Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Houri Hintiryan
- Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wei Dong
- Center for Integrated Connectomics (CIC), Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, and Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Swanson LW, Hof PR. A model for mapping between the human and rodent cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2925-2927. [PMID: 31049951 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Swanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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12
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Pilot Study on Gait Classification Using fNIRS Signals. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 2018:7403471. [PMID: 30416520 PMCID: PMC6207899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7403471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rehabilitation training is essential for motor dysfunction patients, and the training through their subjective motion intention, comparing to passive training, is more conducive to rehabilitation. This study proposes a method to identify motion intention of different walking states under the normal environment, by using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology. Twenty-two healthy subjects were recruited to walk with three different gaits (including small-step with low-speed, small-step with midspeed, midstep with low-speed). The wavelet packet decomposition was used to find out the main characteristic channels in different motion states, and these channels with links in frequency and space were combined to define as feature vectors. According to different permutations and combinations of all feature vectors, a library for support vector machines (libSVM) was used to achieve the best recognition model. Finally, the accuracy rate of these three walking states was 78.79%. This study implemented the classification of different states' motion intention by using the fNIRS technology. It laid a foundation to apply the classified motion intention of different states timely, to help severe motor dysfunction patients control a walking-assistive device for rehabilitation training, so as to help them restore independent walking abilities and reduce the economic burdens on society.
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13
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Swanson LW. Brain maps 4.0-Structure of the rat brain: An open access atlas with global nervous system nomenclature ontology and flatmaps. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:935-943. [PMID: 29277900 PMCID: PMC5851017 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fourth edition (following editions in 1992, 1998, 2004) of Brain maps: structure of the rat brain is presented here as an open access internet resource for the neuroscience community. One new feature is a set of 10 hierarchical nomenclature tables that define and describe all parts of the rat nervous system within the framework of a strictly topographic system devised previously for the human nervous system. These tables constitute a global ontology for knowledge management systems dealing with neural circuitry. A second new feature is an aligned atlas of bilateral flatmaps illustrating rat nervous system development from the neural plate stage to the adult stage, where most gray matter regions, white matter tracts, ganglia, and nerves listed in the nomenclature tables are illustrated schematically. These flatmaps are convenient for future development of online applications analogous to "Google Maps" for systems neuroscience. The third new feature is a completely revised Atlas of the rat brain in spatially aligned transverse sections that can serve as a framework for 3-D modeling. Atlas parcellation is little changed from the preceding edition, but the nomenclature for rat is now aligned with an emerging panmammalian neuroanatomical nomenclature. All figures are presented in Adobe Illustrator vector graphics format that can be manipulated, modified, and resized as desired, and freely used with a Creative Commons license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry W. Swanson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
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14
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Ding SL, Royall JJ, Sunkin SM, Ng L, Facer BAC, Lesnar P, Guillozet-Bongaarts A, McMurray B, Szafer A, Dolbeare TA, Stevens A, Tirrell L, Benner T, Caldejon S, Dalley RA, Dee N, Lau C, Nyhus J, Reding M, Riley ZL, Sandman D, Shen E, van der Kouwe A, Varjabedian A, Wright M, Zöllei L, Dang C, Knowles JA, Koch C, Phillips JW, Sestan N, Wohnoutka P, Zielke HR, Hohmann JG, Jones AR, Bernard A, Hawrylycz MJ, Hof PR, Fischl B, Lein ES. Comprehensive cellular-resolution atlas of the adult human brain. J Comp Neurol 2017; 524:3127-481. [PMID: 27418273 PMCID: PMC5054943 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Detailed anatomical understanding of the human brain is essential for unraveling its functional architecture, yet current reference atlases have major limitations such as lack of whole‐brain coverage, relatively low image resolution, and sparse structural annotation. We present the first digital human brain atlas to incorporate neuroimaging, high‐resolution histology, and chemoarchitecture across a complete adult female brain, consisting of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and 1,356 large‐format cellular resolution (1 µm/pixel) Nissl and immunohistochemistry anatomical plates. The atlas is comprehensively annotated for 862 structures, including 117 white matter tracts and several novel cyto‐ and chemoarchitecturally defined structures, and these annotations were transferred onto the matching MRI dataset. Neocortical delineations were done for sulci, gyri, and modified Brodmann areas to link macroscopic anatomical and microscopic cytoarchitectural parcellations. Correlated neuroimaging and histological structural delineation allowed fine feature identification in MRI data and subsequent structural identification in MRI data from other brains. This interactive online digital atlas is integrated with existing Allen Institute for Brain Science gene expression atlases and is publicly accessible as a resource for the neuroscience community. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3127–3481, 2016. © 2016 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
| | - Joshua J Royall
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Susan M Sunkin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | | | - Phil Lesnar
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | | | - Bergen McMurray
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Aaron Szafer
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Tim A Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Allison Stevens
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Lee Tirrell
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Thomas Benner
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | | | - Rachel A Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Christopher Lau
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Melissa Reding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Zackery L Riley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - David Sandman
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Elaine Shen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Andre van der Kouwe
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Ani Varjabedian
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Michelle Wright
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Lilla Zöllei
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Chinh Dang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - James A Knowles
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - John W Phillips
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Nenad Sestan
- Department of Neurobiology and Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510
| | - Paul Wohnoutka
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - H Ronald Zielke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21201
| | - John G Hohmann
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Allan R Jones
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Amy Bernard
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | | | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, 11029
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, 98109.
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15
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Mladinov M, Sedmak G, Fuller HR, Babić Leko M, Mayer D, Kirincich J, Štajduhar A, Borovečki F, Hof PR, Šimić G. Gene expression profiling of the dorsolateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Transl Neurosci 2016; 7:139-150. [PMID: 28123834 PMCID: PMC5234522 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex polygenic disorder of unknown etiology. Over 3,000 candidate genes associated with schizophrenia have been reported, most of which being mentioned only once. Alterations in cognitive processing - working memory, metacognition and mentalization - represent a core feature of schizophrenia, which indicates the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of this disorder. Hence we compared the gene expression in postmortem tissue from the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann's area 46), and the medial part of the orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC, Brodmann's area 11/12), in six patients with schizophrenia and six control brains. Although in the past decade several studies performed transcriptome profiling in schizophrenia, this is the first study to investigate both hemispheres, providing new knowledge about possible brain asymmetry at the level of gene expression and its relation to schizophrenia. We found that in the left hemisphere, twelve genes from the DLPFC and eight genes from the MOFC were differentially expressed in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. In the right hemisphere there was only one gene differentially expressed in the MOFC. We reproduce the involvement of previously reported genes TARDBP and HNRNPC in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and report seven novel genes: SART1, KAT7, C1D, NPM1, EVI2A, XGY2, and TTTY15. As the differentially expressed genes only partially overlap with previous studies that analyzed other brain regions, our findings indicate the importance of considering prefrontal cortical regions, especially those in the left hemisphere, for obtaining disease-relevant insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihovil Mladinov
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Sedmak
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK and Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Mayer
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jason Kirincich
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrija Štajduhar
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
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16
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Perez SE, Sherwood CC, Cranfield MR, Erwin JM, Mudakikwa A, Hof PR, Mufson EJ. Early Alzheimer's disease-type pathology in the frontal cortex of wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei). Neurobiol Aging 2016; 39:195-201. [PMID: 26923416 PMCID: PMC6317356 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology have been described in the brains of captive aged great apes, but the natural progression of these age-related pathologies from wild great apes, including the gorilla, is unknown. In our previous study of Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) who were housed in American Zoos and Aquariums-accredited facilities, we found an age-related increase in Aβ-positive plaques and vasculature, tau-positive astrocytes, oligodendrocyte coiled bodies, and neuritic clusters in the neocortex as well as hippocampus in older animals. Here, we demonstrate that aged wild mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), who spent their entire lives in their natural habitat, also display an age-related increase in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or Aβ-immunoreactive blood vessels and plaques, but very limited tau pathology, in the frontal cortex. These results indicate that Aβ and tau lesions are age-related events that occur in the brain of gorillas living in captivity and in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia E Perez
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael R Cranfield
- Mountain Gorilla Veterinary Project, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Erwin
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antoine Mudakikwa
- Rwanda Development Board, Department of Tourism and Conservation, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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17
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Swanson LW. Brain Maps Online: Toward Open Access Atlases and a Pan-mammalian Nomenclature. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2272-6. [PMID: 25879783 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larry W Swanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089-2520
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18
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Gasquoine PG. Historical Perspectives on the Behavioral Function of the Insula. Neuropsychol Rev 2015; 25:219. [PMID: 25957841 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-015-9286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gerard Gasquoine
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas - Pan American, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, Texas, 78541, USA,
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