1
|
Hayden AN, Brandel KL, Merlau PR, Vijayakumar P, Leptich EJ, Pietryk EW, Gaytan ES, Ni CW, Chao HT, Rosenfeld JA, Arey RN. Behavioral screening of conserved RNA-binding proteins reveals CEY-1/YBX RNA-binding protein dysfunction leads to impairments in memory and cognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.05.574402. [PMID: 38260399 PMCID: PMC10802296 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.05.574402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate translation and plasticity which are required for memory. RBP dysfunction has been linked to a range of neurological disorders where cognitive impairments are a key symptom. However, of the 2,000 RBPs in the human genome, many are uncharacterized with regards to neurological phenotypes. To address this, we used the model organism C. elegans to assess the role of 20 conserved RBPs in memory. We identified eight previously uncharacterized memory regulators, three of which are in the C. elegans Y-Box (CEY) RBP family. Of these, we determined that cey-1 is the closest ortholog to the mammalian Y-Box (YBX) RBPs. We found that CEY-1 is both necessary in the nervous system for memory ability and sufficient to increase memory. Leveraging human datasets, we found both copy number variation losses and single nucleotide variants in YBX1 and YBX3 in individuals with neurological symptoms. We identified one predicted deleterious YBX3 variant of unknown significance, p.Asn127Tyr, in two individuals with neurological symptoms. Introducing this variant into endogenous cey-1 locus caused memory deficits in the worm. We further generated two humanized worm lines expressing human YBX3 or YBX1 at the cey-1 locus to test evolutionary conservation of YBXs in memory and the potential functional significance of the p.Asn127Tyr variant. Both YBX1/3 can functionally replace cey-1, and introduction of p.Asn127Tyr into the humanized YBX3 locus caused memory deficits. Our study highlights the worm as a model to reveal memory regulators and identifies YBX dysfunction as a potential new source of rare neurological disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Hayden
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Katie L Brandel
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Paul R Merlau
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | | | - Emily J Leptich
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Edward W Pietryk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Elizabeth S Gaytan
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Connie W Ni
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Hsiao-Tuan Chao
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030
- McNair Medical Institute, The Robert and Janice McNair Foundation, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021
| | - Rachel N Arey
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliveira MM, Mohamed M, Elder MK, Banegas-Morales K, Mamcarz M, Lu EH, Golhan EAN, Navrange N, Chatterjee S, Abel T, Klann E. The integrated stress response effector GADD34 is repurposed by neurons to promote stimulus-induced translation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113670. [PMID: 38219147 PMCID: PMC10964249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal protein synthesis is required for long-lasting plasticity and long-term memory consolidation. Dephosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α is one of the key translational control events that is required to increase de novo protein synthesis that underlies long-lasting plasticity and memory consolidation. Here, we interrogate the molecular pathways of translational control that are triggered by neuronal stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which results in eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) dephosphorylation and increases in de novo protein synthesis. Primary rodent neurons exposed to BDNF display elevated translation of GADD34, which facilitates eIF2α dephosphorylation and subsequent de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, GADD34 requires G-actin generated by cofilin to dephosphorylate eIF2α and enhance protein synthesis. Finally, GADD34 is required for BDNF-induced translation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. Overall, we provide evidence that neurons repurpose GADD34, an effector of the integrated stress response, as an orchestrator of rapid increases in eIF2-dependent translation in response to plasticity-inducing stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhaned Mohamed
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Elder
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Maggie Mamcarz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily H Lu
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ela A N Golhan
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nishika Navrange
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Klann
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Atta-Ur-Rahman. Protein Folding and Molecular Basis of Memory: Molecular Vibrations and Quantum Entanglement as Basis of Consciousness. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:258-265. [PMID: 37424348 DOI: 10.2174/0929867331666230707123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta-Ur-Rahman
- Kings College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1st, United Kingdom
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pérez-Garza J, Parrish-Mulliken E, Deane Z, Ostroff LE. Rehydration of Freeze Substituted Brain Tissue for Pre-embedding Immunoelectron Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1694-1704. [PMID: 37584524 PMCID: PMC10541149 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) volume reconstruction is a powerful tool for investigating the fundamental structure of brain circuits, but the full potential of this technique is limited by the difficulty of integrating molecular information. High quality ultrastructural preservation is necessary for EM reconstruction, and intact, highly contrasted cell membranes are essential for following small neuronal processes through serial sections. Unfortunately, the antibody labeling methods used to identify most endogenous molecules result in compromised morphology, especially of membranes. Cryofixation can produce superior morphological preservation and has the additional advantage of allowing indefinite storage of valuable samples. We have developed a method based on cryofixation that allows sensitive immunolabeling of endogenous molecules, preserves excellent ultrastructure, and is compatible with high-contrast staining for serial EM reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Pérez-Garza
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd. Unit 3156, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA
| | - Emily Parrish-Mulliken
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd. Unit 3156, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA
| | - Zachary Deane
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd. Unit 3156, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA
| | - Linnaea E Ostroff
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd. Unit 3156, Storrs, CT 06269-3156, USA
- Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Rd. Unit 1272, Storrs, CT 06269-1272, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Rd. Unit 3136, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong R, Li X, Flores AD, Lai KO. The translation initiating factor eIF4E and arginine methylation underlie G3BP1 function in dendritic spine development of neurons. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105029. [PMID: 37442236 PMCID: PMC10432808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between neurons relies on neurotransmission that takes place at synapses. Excitatory synapses are located primarily on dendritic spines that possess diverse morphologies, ranging from elongated filopodia to mushroom-shaped spines. Failure in the proper development of dendritic spines has detrimental consequences on neuronal connectivity, but the molecular mechanism that controls the balance of filopodia and mushroom spines is not well understood. G3BP1 is the key RNA-binding protein that assembles the stress granules in non-neuronal cells to adjust protein synthesis upon exogenous stress. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological significance of G3BP1 extends beyond its role in stress response, especially in the nervous system. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation and function of G3BP1 in neurons remains elusive. Here we found that G3BP1 suppresses protein synthesis and binds to the translation initiation factor eIF4E via its NTF2-like domain. Notably, the over-production of filopodia caused by G3BP1 depletion can be alleviated by blocking the formation of the translation initiation complex. We further found that the interaction of G3BP1 with eIF4E is regulated by arginine methylation. Knockdown of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT8 leads to elevated protein synthesis and filopodia production, which is reversed by the expression of methylation-mimetic G3BP1. Our study, therefore, reveals arginine methylation as a key regulatory mechanism of G3BP1 during dendritic spine morphogenesis and identifies eIF4E as a novel downstream target of G3BP1 in neuronal development independent of stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angelo D Flores
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-On Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Advanced Study, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Das S, Lituma PJ, Castillo PE, Singer RH. Maintenance of a short-lived protein required for long-term memory involves cycles of transcription and local translation. Neuron 2023; 111:2051-2064.e6. [PMID: 37100055 PMCID: PMC10330212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) is critical for long-term synaptic remodeling and memory. It remains unknown how IEGs are maintained for memory despite rapid transcript and protein turnover. To address this conundrum, we monitored Arc, an IEG essential for memory consolidation. Using a knockin mouse where endogenous Arc alleles were fluorescently tagged, we performed real-time imaging of Arc mRNA dynamics in individual neurons in cultures and brain tissue. Unexpectedly, a single burst stimulation was sufficient to induce cycles of transcriptional reactivation in the same neuron. Subsequent transcription cycles required translation, whereby new Arc proteins engaged in autoregulatory positive feedback to reinduce transcription. The ensuing Arc mRNAs preferentially localized at sites marked by previous Arc protein, assembling a "hotspot" of translation, and consolidating "hubs" of dendritic Arc. These cycles of transcription-translation coupling sustain protein expression and provide a mechanism by which a short-lived event may support long-term memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Das
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Program in RNA Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Pablo J Lituma
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Program in RNA Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song L, Chen H, Qiao D, Zhang B, Guo F, Zhang Y, Wang C, Li S, Cui H. ZIP9 mediates the effects of DHT on learning, memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity of male Tfm and APP/PS1 mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139874. [PMID: 37305050 PMCID: PMC10248430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens are closely associated with functions of hippocampal learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. The zinc transporter ZIP9 (SLC39A9) regulates androgen effects as a binding site distinct from the androgen receptor (AR). However, it is still unclear whether androgens regulate their functions in hippocampus of mice through ZIP9. Compared with wild-type (WT) male mice, we found that AR-deficient male testicular feminization mutation (Tfm) mice with low androgen levels had learning and memory impairment, decreased expression of hippocampal synaptic proteins PSD95, drebrin, SYP, and dendritic spine density. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) supplementation significantly improved these conditions in Tfm male mice, although the beneficial effects disappeared after hippocampal ZIP9 knockdown. To explore the underlying mechanism, we first detected the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and eIF4E in the hippocampus and found that it was lower in Tfm male mice than in WT male mice, it upregulated with DHT supplementation, and it downregulated after hippocampal ZIP9 knockdown. Next, we found that the expression of PSD95, p-ERK1/2, and p-eIF4E increased in DHT-treated mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells, and ZIP9 knockdown or overexpression inhibited or further enhanced these effects. Using the ERK1/2 specific inhibitor SCH772984 and eIF4E specific inhibitor eFT508, we found that DHT activated ERK1/2 through ZIP9, resulting in eIF4E phosphorylation, thus promoting PSD95 protein expression in HT22 cells. Finally, we found that ZIP9 mediated the effects of DHT on the expression of synaptic proteins PSD95, drebrin, SYP, and dendritic spine density in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice through the ERK1/2-eIF4E pathway and affected learning and memory. This study demonstrated that androgen affected learning and memory in mice through ZIP9, providing new experimental evidence for improvement in learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease with androgen supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leigang Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Sports Human Science, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dan Qiao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fangzhen Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bourke AM, Schwarz A, Schuman EM. De-centralizing the Central Dogma: mRNA translation in space and time. Mol Cell 2023; 83:452-468. [PMID: 36669490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding of the cell interior has grown, we have come to appreciate that most cellular operations are localized, that is, they occur at discrete and identifiable locations or domains. These cellular domains contain enzymes, machines, and other components necessary to carry out and regulate these localized operations. Here, we review these features of one such operation: the localization and translation of mRNAs within subcellular compartments observed across cell types and organisms. We describe the conceptual advantages and the "ingredients" and mechanisms of local translation. We focus on the nature and features of localized mRNAs, how they travel and get localized, and how this process is regulated. We also evaluate our current understanding of protein synthesis machines (ribosomes) and their cadre of regulatory elements, that is, the translation factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Bourke
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andre Schwarz
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max von Laue Strasse 4, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shimada T, Yamagata K. Spine morphogenesis and synapse formation in tubular sclerosis complex models. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019343. [PMID: 36606143 PMCID: PMC9807618 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is caused by mutations in the Tsc1 or Tsc2 genes, whose products form a complex and inactivate the small G-protein Rheb1. The activation of Rheb1 may cause refractory epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism, which are the major neuropsychiatric manifestations of TSC. Abnormalities in dendritic spines and altered synaptic structure are hallmarks of epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. In addition, spine dysmorphology and aberrant synapse formation are observed in TSC animal models. Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of spine morphology and synapse formation in neurons to identify therapeutic targets for TSC. In this review, we focus on the representative proteins regulated by Rheb1 activity, mTORC1 and syntenin, which are pivotal downstream factors of Rheb1 in the alteration of spine formation and synapse function in TSC neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadayuki Shimada
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Tadayuki Shimada,
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Takada Nishishiro Hospital, Niigata, Japan,Kanato Yamagata,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ostroff LE, Cain CK. Persistent up-regulation of polyribosomes at synapses during long-term memory, reconsolidation, and extinction of associative memory. LEARNING & MEMORY (COLD SPRING HARBOR, N.Y.) 2022; 29:192-202. [PMID: 35882501 PMCID: PMC9374273 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053577.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Local protein synthesis at synapses can provide a rapid supply of proteins to support synaptic changes during consolidation of new memories, but its role in the maintenance or updating of established memories is unknown. Consolidation requires new protein synthesis in the period immediately following learning, whereas established memories are resistant to protein synthesis inhibitors. We have previously reported that polyribosomes are up-regulated in the lateral amygdala (LA) during consolidation of aversive-cued Pavlovian conditioning. In this study, we used serial section electron microscopy reconstructions to determine whether the distribution of dendritic polyribosomes returns to baseline during the long-term memory phase. Relative to control groups, long-term memory was associated with up-regulation of polyribosomes throughout dendrites, including in dendritic spines of all sizes. Retrieval of a consolidated memory by presentation of a small number of cues induces a new, transient requirement for protein synthesis to maintain the memory, while presentation of a large number of cues results in extinction learning, forming a new memory. One hour after retrieval or extinction training, the distribution of dendritic polyribosomes was similar except in the smallest spines, which had more polyribosomes in the extinction group. Our results demonstrate that the effects of learning on dendritic polyribosomes are not restricted to the transient translation-dependent phase of memory formation. Cued Pavlovian conditioning induces persistent synapse strengthening in the LA that is not reversed by retrieval or extinction, and dendritic polyribosomes may therefore correlate generally with synapse strength as opposed to recent activity or transient translational processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linnaea E Ostroff
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.,Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA.,Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Christopher K Cain
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, USA.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pomilio AB, Vitale AA, Lazarowski AJ. Uncommon Noninvasive Biomarkers for the Evaluation and Monitoring of the Etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1152-1169. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220413101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is the most widespread dementia in the world, followed by vascular dementia. Since AD is a heterogeneous disease that shows several varied phenotypes, it is not easy to make an accurate diagnosis, so it arises when the symptoms are clear and the disease is already very advanced. Therefore, it is important to find out biomarkers for AD early diagnosis that facilitate treatment or slow down the disease. Classic biomarkers are obtained from cerebrospinal fluid and plasma, along with brain imaging by positron emission tomography. Attempts have been made to discover uncommon biomarkers from other body fluids, which are addressed in this update.
Objective:
This update aims to describe recent biomarkers from minimally invasive body fluids for the patients, such as saliva, urine, eye fluid or tears.
Methods:
Biomarkers were determined in patients versus controls by single tandem mass spectrometry, and immunoassays. Metabolites were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, and microRNAs with genome-wide high-throughput real-time polymerase chain reaction-based platforms.
Results:
Biomarkers from urine, saliva, and eye fluid were described, including peptides/proteins, metabolites, and some microRNAs. The association with AD neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration was analyzed, highlighting the contribution of matrix metalloproteinases, the immune system and microglia, as well as the vascular system.
Conclusion:
Unusual biomarkers have been developed, which distinguish each stage and progression of the disease, and are suitable for the early AD diagnosis. An outstanding relationship of biomarkers with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration was assessed, clearing up concerns of the etiopathogenesis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B. Pomilio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo A. Vitale
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto J. Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|