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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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2
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Hussain A, Kanwal F, Irfan A, Hassan M, Zhang J. Exploring the Influence of Engineering the Linker between the Donor and Acceptor Fragments on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Characteristics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15638-15649. [PMID: 37151492 PMCID: PMC10157659 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We have expounded the unique molecular design architecture for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials based on a donor-linker-acceptor-linker-donor (D-L-A-L-D) framework, which can be employed as predecessors of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. Different from traditional donor-acceptor-type (D-A-type) TADF scaffolds, the D-L-A-L-D structural design avoids direct coupling amid the D and A fragments allowing the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) to be spatially separated. It results in a reduced overlap between HOMOs and LUMOs, thus realizing fairly a slight singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE ST) and higher photoluminescence quantum yield (Φ). We revealed that manipulating a linker between D and A fragments in intramolecular charge transfer compounds is an auspicious approach for realizing small ΔE ST. Herein, we report a group of organic electroluminescent D-L-A-L-D-type molecules with different electron-donating and electron-accepting moieties using density functional theory calculations and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Two types of linkers, the π-conjugated phenylene (-C6H4-) and aliphatic alkyl chains or σ-spacer (-CH2- and -CH2-CH2-), were exploited between D and A fragments. In principle, the conjugation in D-π-A-π-D-type molecules and hyperconjugation in D-σ-A-σ-D type molecules encourage the spatial separation of the HOMO-LUMO causing a reduction in the ΔE ST. All the designed molecules show a blue-shift in the emission wavelengths (λem) over the directly linked parent molecules except DPA-DPS-C6H4 and BTPA-DPS-C6H4 which show a red-shift. Violet-blue to green-yellow (376-566 nm) λem was observed from all of the investigated molecules. Other important properties that affect the efficiency of emission quantum yields like frontier molecular orbital analysis, natural population analysis, electron excitation analysis, exciton binding energies, ionization potentials, electronic affinities, and reorganization energies of the designed molecules were also inspected. We are confident that our work will effectively give a straightforward and distinctive approach to building incredibly effective TADF-OLEDs and a new perspective on their structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Hussain
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- . Tel.: +923426224761
| | - Farah Kanwal
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboob Hassan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal, Punjab 51600, Pakistan
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Zhang J, Guan J, Zhang Y, Qin S, Zhu Q, Kong X, Ma Q, Li X, Meng L, Yi Y, Zheng J, Li Y. Direct Observation of Increased Free Carrier Generation Owing to Reduced Exciton Binding Energies in Polymerized Small-Molecule Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8816-8824. [PMID: 36107413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Energy loss caused by exciton binding energy (Eb) has become a key factor that restricts further advancement of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we used transient mid-IR spectroscopy to study direct photogeneration of free charge carriers in small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) Y6 and IDIC as well as polymerized SMAs (PSMAs) PYFT and PZ1. We found that free carrier concentration is higher in PSMAs than in their corresponding SMAs, indicating reduced exciton Eb, which is then confirmed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy inverse photoemission spectroscopy, and film absorption spectra measurements. The measured Eb values of PYFT and PZ1 are 0.24 and 0.37 eV, respectively, smaller than those of Y6 (0.32 eV) and IDIC (0.47 eV). This work not only provides a method to directly monitor the photogenerated free carriers in OSC materials but also demonstrates that polymerization is an effective strategy to reduce the Eb, which is crucial to decrease the energy losses in high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shucheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingye Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolei Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Taouali W, Casida ME, Znaidia S, Alimi K. Rational design of (D-A) copolymers towards high efficiency organic solar cells: DFT and TD-DFT study. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 89:139-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Gaspar H, Figueira F, Pereira L, Mendes A, Viana JC, Bernardo G. Recent Developments in the Optimization of the Bulk Heterojunction Morphology of Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2560. [PMID: 30558380 PMCID: PMC6316550 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, made with semiconducting polymers, have recently attained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 14% in single junction cells and over 17% in tandem cells. These high performances, together with the suitability of the technology to inexpensive large-scale manufacture, over lightweight and flexible plastic substrates using roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, place the technology amongst the most promising for future harvesting of solar energy. Although OPVs using non-fullerene acceptors have recently outperformed their fullerene-based counterparts, the research in the development of new fullerenes and in the improvement of the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) morphology and device efficiency of polymer:fullerene solar cells remains very active. In this review article, the most relevant research works performed over the last 3 years, that is, since the year 2016 onwards, in the field of fullerene-based polymer solar cells based on the copolymers PTB7, PTB7-Th (also known as PBDTTT-EFT) and PffBT4T-2OD, are presented and discussed. This review is primarily focused on studies that involve the improvement of the BHJ morphology, efficiency and stability of small active area devices (typically < 15 mm²), through the use of different processing strategies such as the use of different fullerene acceptors, different processing solvents and additives and different thermal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Gaspar
- IPC/i3N-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Flávio Figueira
- QOPNA, Departament of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Luiz Pereira
- Department of Physics and i3N-Institute for Nanostructures, Nanomodelling and Nanofabrication, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Adélio Mendes
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Júlio C Viana
- IPC/i3N-Institute for Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Gabriel Bernardo
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Zhang Y, Parnell AJ, Blaszczyk O, Musser AJ, Samuel IDW, Lidzey DG, Bernardo G. Effect of fullerene acceptor on the performance of solar cells based on PffBT4T-2OD. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19023-19029. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02195c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied organic solar cells composed of PffBT4T-2OD as electron donor and three different electron accepting fullerenes, in order to understand the impact of different fullerenes on the morphology and efficiency of the corresponding photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
| | | | - Oskar Blaszczyk
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics & Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9SS
| | - Andrew J. Musser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- SUPA
- School of Physics & Astronomy
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews KY16 9SS
| | - David G. Lidzey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
| | - Gabriel Bernardo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- The University of Sheffield
- UK
- LEPABE
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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7
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Schmidt MM, ElMahmoudy M, Malliaras GG, Inal S, Thelakkat M. Smaller Counter Cation for Higher Transconductance in Anionic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina M. Schmidt
- Applied Functional Polymers; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
| | - Mohammed ElMahmoudy
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines; CMP-EMSE; MOC; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines; CMP-EMSE; MOC; Gardanne 13541 France
| | - Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers; University of Bayreuth; Bayreuth 95440 Germany
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8
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Liu H, Huang L, Cheng X, Hu A, Xu H, Chen L, Chen Y. N-type Self-Doping of Fluorinate Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Polymer Solar Cells: Modulation of Dipole, Morphology, and Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1145-1153. [PMID: 27957857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For the conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) interlayers, many studies focus on the modulation of interfacial dipoles in the polymer solar cells (PSCs) by altering the side polar groups but usually ignore the functions of conjugated backbone engineering (CBE) through the delicate design to improve their functions. Herein, novel alcohol-soluble CPEs by incorporation of fluorinate benzene onto the backbone, namely PFf1B and PFf4B, have been synthesized to modulate the interfacial dipoles and charge mobility. A favorable bidipole composed of ion-induced dipole and F hydrogen bond-induced dipole was discovered to be responsible for the tunable work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Moreover, a desirable nanowires morphology of the upper active layer has also been obtained with the help of the self-assembly of fluorinated CPEs. More intriguingly, an unusual n-type doping favored by fluorine-induced electron transfer (FIET) was observed in these CPEs, leading to the improvement in the electron mobility. As a consequence, these fluorinated CPEs were demonstrated with a general application in the PSCs based on various active layers. Note that PFf4B with the highest loading of F atoms can work efficiently in a thickness of up to 31.8 nm, which broke the thickness limitation of most reported CPEs interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Liqiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Aifeng Hu
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and ‡Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry/Institute of Polymers, Nanchang University , 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China
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9
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Vikramaditya T, Saisudhakar M, Sumithra K. Computational study on thermally activated delayed fluorescence of donor–linker–acceptor network molecules. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using density functional theory we have investigated the structure–property relationships of organic molecules with a donor–linker–acceptor (DLA) framework, which can be used as precursors of OLED materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mukka Saisudhakar
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)
- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
- India
| | - Kanakamma Sumithra
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)
- Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
- India
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10
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Jagadeesan R, Velmurugan G, Venuvanalingam P. Rational design of cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes for better optoelectronic applications and their photophysical properties using DFT/TD-DFT methods. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The optical properties of cyclopenta[b]naphthalenes (CPNs) can be fine-tuned by suitable substitutions and DFT calculations show that they can make efficient OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Jagadeesan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
| | - Gunasekaran Velmurugan
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
| | - Ponnambalam Venuvanalingam
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- School of Chemistry
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
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11
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Zhang L, Yu M, Peng Q, Zhao H, Gao J. Molecular design and theoretical investigation on the thieno[3,2-b]thienobis(silolothiophene)-based low band gap donor polymers for efficient polymer solar cell. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2015.1008469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Do TT, Hong HS, Ha YE, Park J, Kang YC, Kim JH. Effect of polyelectrolyte electron collection layer counteranion on the properties of polymer solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3335-3341. [PMID: 25611078 DOI: 10.1021/am5082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyviologen (PV) derivatives are known materials used for adjusting the work function (WF) of cathodes by reducing the electron injection/collection barrier at the cathode interface. To tune and improve device performance, we introduce different types of counteranions (CAs), such as bromide, tetrafluoroborate, and tetraphenylborate, to a PV derivative. The effective WF of the Al cathode is shown to depend on the size of the CA, indicating that a Schottky barrier can be modulated by the size of the CA. Through the increased size of the CA from bromide to tetraphenylborate, the effective WF of the Al cathode is gradually decreased, indicating a decreased Schottky barrier at the cathode interface. In addition, the change of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the short circuit current (Jsc) value show good correlation with the change of the WF of the cathode, signifying the typical transition from a Schottky to an Ohmic contact. The turn-on electric field of the electron-only device without PV was 0.21 MV/cm, which is dramatically higher than those of devices with PV-X (0.07 MV/cm for PV-Br, 0.06 MV/cm for PV-BF4, and 0.05 MV/cm for PV-BPh4) This is also coincident with a decrease in the Schottky barrier at the cathode interface. The device ITO/PEDOT/P3HT:PCBM/PV/Al, with a thin layer of PV derivative and tetraphenylborate CA as the cathode buffer layer, has the highest PCE of 4.02%, an open circuit voltage of 0.64 V, a Jsc of 11.6 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 53.0%. Our results show that it is possible to improve the performance of polymer solar cells by choosing different types of CAs in PV derivatives without complicated synthesis and to refine the electron injection/collection barrier height at the cathode interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Trang Do
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University , Busan 608-739, Korea
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13
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Investigation of the property change of polymer solar cells by changing counter anions in polyviologen as a cathode buffer layer. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Zhang L, Shen W, He R, Liu X, Fu Z, Li M. Computational study on the effects of substituent and heteroatom on physical properties and solar cell performance in donor-acceptor conjugated polymers based on benzodithiophene. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2489. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Leblebici SY, Chen TL, Olalde-Velasco P, Yang W, Ma B. Reducing exciton binding energy by increasing thin film permittivity: an effective approach to enhance exciton separation efficiency in organic solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:10105-10. [PMID: 24041440 DOI: 10.1021/am402744k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photocurrent generation in organic solar cells requires that excitons, which are formed upon light absorption, dissociate into free carriers at the interface of electron acceptor and donor materials. The high exciton binding energy, arising from the low permittivity of organic semiconductor films, generally causes low exciton separation efficiency and subsequently low power conversion efficiency. We demonstrate here, for the first time, that the exciton binding energy in B,O-chelated azadipyrromethene (BO-ADPM) donor films is reduced by increasing the film permittivity by blending the BO-ADPM donor with a high dielectric constant small molecule, camphoric anhydride (CA). Various spectroscopic techniques, including impedance spectroscopy, photon absorption and emission spectroscopies, as well as X-ray spectroscopies, are applied to characterize the thin film electronic and photophysical properties. Planar heterojunction solar cells are fabricated with a BO-ADPM:CA film as the electron donor and C60 as the acceptor. With an increase in the dielectric constant of the donor film from ∼4.5 to ∼11, the exciton binding energy is reduced and the internal quantum efficiency of the photovoltaic cells improves across the entire spectrum, with an ∼30% improvement in the BO-ADPM photoactive region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Y Leblebici
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Lee W, Seo JH, Woo HY. Conjugated polyelectrolytes: A new class of semiconducting material for organic electronic devices. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Theoretical design of donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers based on furo-, thieno-, and selenopheno[3,4-c] thiophene-4,6-dione and benzodithiophene units for organic solar cells. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4283-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Henson ZB, Zhang Y, Nguyen TQ, Seo JH, Bazan GC. Synthesis and Properties of Two Cationic Narrow Band Gap Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4163-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400140d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B. Henson
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jung Hwa Seo
- Department of Materials Physics,
College of Natural Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, South Korea
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Theoretical study on the electronic structures and photophysical properties of a series of dithienylbenzothiazole derivatives. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Cho S, Seo JH, Kim GH, Kim JY, Woo HY. Observation of ambipolar field-effect behavior in donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Seo JH, Cho S, Leclerc M, Heeger AJ. Energy level alignments at poly[N-9′′-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] on metal and polymer interfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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