1
|
Atomic force microscopy - Scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) for nanoscale topographical and electrochemical characterization: Principles, applications and perspectives. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
2
|
Ma X, Gosai A, Shrotriya P. Resolving electrical stimulus triggered molecular binding and force modulation upon thrombin-aptamer biointerface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 559:1-12. [PMID: 31605780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and computational approaches are utilized to investigate the influence of electrostatic fields on the binding force between human coagulation protein thrombin and its DNA aptamer. The thiolated aptamer was deposited onto gold substrate located in a liquid cell filled with binding buffer, then the thrombin-functionalized atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe was repeatedly brought into contact with the aptamer-coated surface under applied electrical potentials of -100, 0, and 100 mV respectively. Force drops during the pull-off process were measured to determine the unbinding forces between thrombin and aptamer in a range of loading rates spanning from ~3 × 102 to ~1 × 104 pN/s. The results from experiments showed that both of the binding strength and propensity of the complex are drastically diminished under positive electrode potential, whereas there is no influence on the molecular binding from negative electrode potential. We also used a theoretical analysis to explain the nature of electrostatic potential and field inside the aptamer-thrombin layer, which in turn could quantify the influence of the electrostatically repulsive force on a thrombin molecule that promotes dissociation from the aptamer due to positive electrode potential, and achieve good agreement with the experimental results. The study confirms the feasibility of electrostatic modulation upon the binding interaction between thrombin and aptamer, and implicates an underlying application perspective upon nanoscale manipulation of the stimuli responsive biointerface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Agnivo Gosai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pranav Shrotriya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Park HS, Jang JH. Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Coupled to Atomic Force Microscopy with Sub-Micrometer Spatial Resolution to the Development and Discovery of Electrocatalysts. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2016. [DOI: 10.5229/jecst.2016.7.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
4
|
Park HS, Jang JH. Applications of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) Coupled to Atomic Force Microscopy with Sub-Micrometer Spatial Resolution to the Development and Discovery of Electrocatalysts. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2016. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2016.7.4.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Polcari D, Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Experimental Parameters from 1989 to 2015. Chem Rev 2016; 116:13234-13278. [PMID: 27736057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Polcari
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Department
of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0B8
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Levrie K, Jans K, Vos R, Ardakanian N, Verellen N, Van Hoof C, Lagae L, Stakenborg T. Multiplexed site-specific electrode functionalization for multitarget biosensors. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 112:61-6. [PMID: 27472099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget biosensors hold great promise to improve point-of-care diagnostics as they enable simultaneous detection of different biomolecular markers. Multiplexed detection of different markers, like genes, proteins, or a combination of both, propels advancement in numerous fields such as genomics, medical diagnosis and therapy monitoring. The functionalization of these biosensors, however, necessitates patterned immobilization of different bioreceptors, which remains challenging and time-consuming. We demonstrate a simple method for the patterned multiplexing of bioreceptors on a multi-electrode chip. By using the lithographically defined electrodes for surface functionalization, additional patterning steps become obsolete. Using the electrodes for self-aligned immobilization provides a spatial resolution that is limited by the electrode patterning process and that cannot be easily obtained by alternative dispensing or coating techniques. Via electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts combined with click chemistry, we achieved site-specific immobilization of two different ssDNA probes side by side on a single chip. This method was experimentally verified by cyclic voltammetry (CV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and specific target recognition was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The combination of the electroaddressability of electrografting with the chemoselectivity of click chemistry, offers a versatile platform for highly efficient site-specific functionalization of multitarget biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Levrie
- IMEC, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | - Niels Verellen
- KU Leuven Department of Physics and Astronomy, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; IMEC, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- IMEC, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Lagae
- IMEC, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Physics and Astronomy, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berisha A, Chehimi M, Pinson J, Podvorica F. Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
8
|
Stratmann L, Clausmeyer J, Schuhmann W. Non-destructive Patterning of Carbon Electrodes by Using the Direct Mode of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3477-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Stratmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany), Fax
| | - Jan Clausmeyer
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany), Fax
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstraße 150 44780 Bochum Germany), Fax
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hirt L, Grüter RR, Berthelot T, Cornut R, Vörös J, Zambelli T. Local surface modification via confined electrochemical deposition with FluidFM. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow AFM cantilevers enable local electroplating and grafting followed by the in situ imaging of the created surface patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hirt
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Raphael R. Grüter
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - János Vörös
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- ETH and University of Zurich
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics
- CH-8092 Zurich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ghorbal A, Grisotto F, Charlier J, Palacin S, Goyer C, Demaille C, Brahim AB. Nano-Electrochemistry and Nano-Electrografting with an Original Combined AFM-SECM. NANOMATERIALS 2013; 3:303-316. [PMID: 28348337 PMCID: PMC5327889 DOI: 10.3390/nano3020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the advantages of the combination between atomic force microscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy. The combined technique can perform nano-electrochemical measurements onto agarose surface and nano-electrografting of non-conducting polymers onto conducting surfaces. This work was achieved by manufacturing an original Atomic Force Microscopy-Scanning ElectroChemical Microscopy (AFM-SECM) electrode. The capabilities of the AFM-SECM-electrode were tested with the nano-electrografting of vinylic monomers initiated by aryl diazonium salts. Nano-electrochemical and technical processes were thoroughly described, so as to allow experiments reproducing. A plausible explanation of chemical and electrochemical mechanisms, leading to the nano-grafting process, was reported. This combined technique represents the first step towards improved nano-processes for the nano-electrografting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Ghorbal
- Applied Thermodynamics Research Unit, National Engineering School of Gabès, Gabès University, Rue Omar Ibn-Elkhattab, 6029 Gabes, Tunisia.
| | - Federico Grisotto
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Surfaces and Interfaces, DSM/IRAMIS/SPCSI, Atomic Energy Commission of Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Julienne Charlier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Surfaces and Interfaces, DSM/IRAMIS/SPCSI, Atomic Energy Commission of Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Serge Palacin
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Surfaces and Interfaces, DSM/IRAMIS/SPCSI, Atomic Energy Commission of Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Cédric Goyer
- Department of Molecular Chemistry, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
| | - Christophe Demaille
- Laboratory of Molecular Electrochemistry, Paris VII University, 2 Place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Ammar Ben Brahim
- Applied Thermodynamics Research Unit, National Engineering School of Gabès, Gabès University, Rue Omar Ibn-Elkhattab, 6029 Gabes, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Grüter RR, Vörös J, Zambelli T. FluidFM as a lithography tool in liquid: spatially controlled deposition of fluorescent nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:1097-1104. [PMID: 23262663 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr33214k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful instrument for nanolithography, which is well characterized in air where the deposition process is steered by capillary action. In contrast, AFM patterning has been seldom achieved in liquid, mostly via electrochemical deposition. This study investigates the pressure-controlled local deposition of nanoparticles in a liquid environment using a FluidFM. Fluorescent 25 nm polystyrene nanospheres were chosen as nanoobjects to be dispensed because they enable both the in situ monitoring of the process by optical microscopy and the ex situ high-resolution characterization of the pattern by e.g. scanning electron microscopy. The FluidFM microchannel was filled with an aqueous solution of negatively charged nanoparticles to be delivered onto a glass surface coated with a polycation. An overpressure in the internal fluidic circuit leads to the deposition of nanoparticle dots and lines under the tip, while the force control regulates the contact between the probe and the surface. The nanoparticle adsorption process depends both on applied pressure and contact time (respectively tip velocity) and can be described using the Langmuir approximation for the random sequential adsorption model. Moreover, we observed that the force setpoint, which does not influence the capillary-driven mechanism in air, indeed affects the hydrodynamic resistance at the tip aperture and therefore the volumetric flow. The described method demonstrates the potential of FluidFM in depositing nano-sized objects in liquid with nanometre precision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R Grüter
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Torbensen K, Malmos K, Kanoufi F, Combellas C, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Using Time-Resolved Electrochemical Patterning to Gain Fundamental Insight into Aryl-Radical Surface Modification. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3303-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Hauquier F, Debou N, Palacin S, Jousselme B. Amino functionalized thin films prepared from Gabriel synthesis applied on electrografted diazonium salts. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Xie Z, Zhou X, Tao X, Zheng Z. Polymer Nanostructures Made by Scanning Probe Lithography: Recent Progress in Material Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2012; 33:359-73. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
15
|
Surface patterning based on nanosphere lithography and electroreduction of in situ generated diazonium cation. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
16
|
Grisotto F, Métayé R, Jousselme B, Geffroy B, Palacin S, Charlier J. Scanning electrochemical microscopy as an etching tool for ITO patterning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm12858b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Bélanger D, Pinson J. Electrografting: a powerful method for surface modification. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40:3995-4048. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 751] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Lehr J, Garrett DJ, Paulik MG, Flavel BS, Brooksby PA, Williamson BE, Downard AJ. Patterning of Metal, Carbon, and Semiconductor Substrates with Thin Organic Films by Microcontact Printing with Aryldiazonium Salt Inks. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7027-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101785c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lehr
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - David J. Garrett
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Matthew G. Paulik
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Paula A. Brooksby
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Bryce E. Williamson
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Alison J. Downard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand, and Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Flavel BS, Gross AJ, Garrett DJ, Nock V, Downard AJ. A simple approach to patterned protein immobilization on silicon via electrografting from diazonium salt solutions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2010; 2:1184-1190. [PMID: 20423137 DOI: 10.1021/am100020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A highly versatile method utilizing diazonium salt chemistry has been developed for the fabrication of protein arrays. Conventional ultraviolet mask lithography was used to pattern micrometer sized regions into a commercial photoresist on a highly doped p-type silicon (100) substrate. These patterned regions were used as a template for the electrochemical grafting of the in situ generated p-aminobenzenediazonium cation to form patterns of aminophenyl film on silicon. Immobilization of biomolecules was demonstrated by coupling biotin to the aminophenyl regions followed by reaction with fluorescently labeled avidin and visualization with fluorescence microscopy. This simple patterning strategy is promising for future application in biosensor devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Flavel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Garrett DJ, Flavel BS, Shapter JG, Baronian KHR, Downard AJ. Robust forests of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes chemically assembled on carbon substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1848-1854. [PMID: 19788291 DOI: 10.1021/la902575w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Forests of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) have been chemically assembled on carbon surfaces. The structures show excellent stability over a wide potential range and are resistant to degradation from sonication in acid, base, and organic solvent. Acid-treated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were assembled on amine-terminated tether layers covalently attached to pyrolyzed photoresist films. Tether layers were electrografted to the carbon substrate by reduction of the p-aminobenzenediazonium cation and oxidation of ethylenediamine. The amine-modified surfaces were incubated with cut SWCNTs in the presence of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), giving forests of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs). The SWCNT assemblies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electrochemistry. Under conditions where the tether layers slow electron transfer between solution-based redox probes and the underlying electrode, the assembly of VACNTs on the tether layer dramatically increases the electron-transfer rate at the surface. The grafting procedure, and hence the preparation of VACNTs, is applicable to a wide range of materials including metals and semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Garrett
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|