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Wei Y, Yan Y, Li X, Xie L, Huang W. Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:73-97. [PMID: 34859249 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gridization is an alternative way to create macromolecules of various sizes in addition to linear and dendritic polymerization as well as cyclization. Organic nanogrids are an expanding family of macrocycle-like closed structures at the nanoscale, but with a series of well-defined extension edges and vertices. Cyclic nanogrids can be used as nanoscale building blocks for the fabrication of not only rotaxanes, catenanes, knots, 3D cages, but also nanopolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and complex molecular cross-scale architectures. In this review, the history of fluorene-based macrocycles has first been explored, followed by the development of the synthetic methodologies; in particular, fluorene-based nanogrids are highlighted owing to their features and applications. Typically, fluorenes are fused arenes with a hybrid entity between tetrahedral Csp3 and Csp2. Four ingenious connection modes of fluorene-based macrocycles, including 2,7-, 3,6-, 9,9-, and 2,9-linkages, fully demonstrate the geometric possibilities of the macrocycles and nanogrids. Such fluorene-based nanogrids will give birth to organic intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yongxia Yan
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Squeo BM, Ganzer L, Virgili T, Pasini M. BODIPY-Based Molecules, a Platform for Photonic and Solar Cells. Molecules 2020; 26:E153. [PMID: 33396319 PMCID: PMC7794854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based molecules have emerged as interesting material for optoelectronic applications. The facile structural modification of BODIPY core provides an opportunity to fine-tune its photophysical and optoelectronic properties thanks to the presence of eight reactive sites which allows for the developing of a large number of functionalized derivatives for various applications. This review will focus on BODIPY application as solid-state active material in solar cells and in photonic devices. It has been divided into two sections dedicated to the two different applications. This review provides a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation as well as the conclusions that can be drawn. The main current research outcomes are summarized to guide the readers towards the full exploitation of the use of this material in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Maria Squeo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Tersilla Virgili
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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Abstract
Over the past 10 years, carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from renewable raw materials have received considerable attention in several fields for their unique photoluminescent properties. Moreover, the synthesis of CDs fully responds to the principles of circular chemistry and the concept of safe-by-design. This review will focus on the different strategies for incorporation of CDs in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) and on the study of the impact of CDs properties on OLED performance. The main current research outcomes and highlights are summarized to guide users towards full exploitation of these materials in optoelectronic applications.
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Copolyfluorenes containing carbazole or triphenylamine and Diethoxylphosphoryl groups in the side chains as white-light-emitting polymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Deep Blue Light Amplification from a Novel Triphenylamine Functionalized Fluorene Thin Film. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010079. [PMID: 31878329 PMCID: PMC6983032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high performance optically pumped organic lasers operating in the deep blue still remains a big challenge. In this paper, we have investigated the photophysics and the optical gain characteristics of a novel fluorene oligomer functionalized by four triphenylamine (TPA) groups. By ultrafast spectroscopy we found a large gain spectral region from 420 to 500 nm with a maximum gain cross-section of 1.5 × 10−16 cm2 which makes this molecule a good candidate for photonic applications. Amplified Spontaneous Emission measurements (ASE) under 150 fs and 3 ns pump pulses have revealed a narrow emission at 450 nm with a threshold of 5.5 μJcm−2 and 21 μJcm−2 respectively. Our results evidence that this new fluorene molecule is an interesting material for photonic applications, indeed the inclusion of TPA as a lateral substituent leads to a high gain and consequently to a low threshold blue organic ASE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Maria Squeo
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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Thakellapalli H, Li S, Farajidizaji B, Baughman NN, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Wang KK. Synthesis and Properties of Conjugated Macrocycles Containing 2,7-Bis(2-thienyl)-9H-fluoren-9-one Units. Org Lett 2017; 19:2674-2677. [PMID: 28492330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Notashia N. Baughman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs): Working Principles and Device Technology. LECTURE NOTES IN CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31671-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Cuerva C, Campo JA, Cano M, Arredondo B, Romero B, Otón E, Otón JM. Bis(pyridylpyrazolate)platinum(ii): a mechanochromic complex useful as a dopant for colour-tunable polymer OLEDs. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel metallomesogenic Pt(ii) dopant on the PFO-matrix allows induction of colour changes from bluish-green to orange-red with just 5% complex concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Cuerva
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - José A. Campo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Mercedes Cano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- Ciudad Universitaria
- E-28040 Madrid
| | - Belén Arredondo
- Área Tecnología Electrónica
- ESCET
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero
- Área Tecnología Electrónica
- ESCET
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Eva Otón
- CEMDATIC
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - José M. Otón
- CEMDATIC
- ETSI Telecomunicación
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- E-28040 Madrid
- Spain
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Smari I, Zhao L, Yuan K, Ammar HB, Doucet H. Reactivity of bromofluorenes in palladium-catalysed direct arylation of heteroaromatics. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalysed direct arylation using 2-bromofluorene or 2,7-dibromofluorene and heteroaromatics as the coupling partners proceeded using only 0.1–0.5 mol% catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Smari
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Asymétrique et catalyse homogène
- (UR 11ES56) Université de Monastir
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir
- Avenue de l'environnement
- Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Kedong Yuan
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hamed Ben Ammar
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Asymétrique et catalyse homogène
- (UR 11ES56) Université de Monastir
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir
- Avenue de l'environnement
- Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Henri Doucet
- Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes “Organométalliques: Matériaux et Catalyse”
- Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes, France
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Samperi F, Battiato S, Puglisi C, Giovanella U, Mendichi R, Destri S. Combined Techniques for the Characterization of Polyfluorene Copolymers and Correlation with their Optical Properties. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202301j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Samperi
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia
dei Polimeri (ICTP) UOS Catania, CNR, Via
Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Salvatore Battiato
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia
dei Polimeri (ICTP) UOS Catania, CNR, Via
Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Concetto Puglisi
- Istituto di Chimica e Tecnologia
dei Polimeri (ICTP) UOS Catania, CNR, Via
Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Raniero Mendichi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Destri
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole, CNR, Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
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12
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Synthesis and characterization of fluorene‐based oligomers and polymers incorporating
N
‐arylphenothiazine‐
S,S
‐dioxide units. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Vohra V, Calzaferri G, Destri S, Pasini M, Porzio W, Botta C. Toward white light emission through efficient two-step energy transfer in hybrid nanofibers. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1409-1416. [PMID: 20131877 DOI: 10.1021/nn9017922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized zeolite L crystals containing about 550 strongly luminescent acceptor molecules have been modified by grafting a conjugated oligomer on their external surface. The 25 nm sized crystals have consequently been embedded in polymeric nanofibers obtained by electrospinning. The fluorescent molecule grafted on the external surface allows addressing the guests in the zeolite nanochannels through an efficient two-step energy transfer from the polymer nanofiber. The so obtained hybrid nanofibers exhibit intense emissions from the three fundamental colors using a single excitation wavelength. The molecule grafted on the external surface of the nanocrystal also induces a higher compatibility of the hybrid organic/inorganic nanomaterials in the conjugated polymer and therefore high concentrations of zeolites embedded in the nanofibers are obtained. Playing on this concentration, the emission of the nanofiber can be tuned and eventually be used for fabricating white-light emitting nanofibers. This hybrid nanomaterial opens new perspectives for low-cost nano organic light emitting diodes fabrication with considerable impact on the lighting and display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Vohra
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac-CNR), via Bassini, 15, Milan 20133, Italy.
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