1
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Kar B, Rajakumar B. Cl atoms-initiated degradation of 1-Chlorobutane and 2-Chlorobutane: Kinetics, product analysis and atmospheric implications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139664. [PMID: 37506889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The relative rate method was employed to investigate the kinetics of the Cl-initiated reactions of 1-chlorobutane (1-CB) and 2-chlorobutane (2-CB) over 263-363 K, and the measured rate coefficients at room temperature are (1.04 ± 0.24) × 10-10 and (5.84 ± 0.27) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. The Arrhenius equations for the title reactions were derived to be k1-CB + Cl (T = 263-363 K) = (2.77 ± 0.72) × 10-11 exp [(422 ± 79)/T] and k2-CB + Cl (T = 263-363 K) = (1.40 ± 0.32) × 10-11 exp [(415 ± 70)/T] cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. The products were analysed qualitatively using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the reaction mechanism was proposed for the reactions. The rate coefficients for the title reactions were calculated computationally over the temperature range of 200-400 K using canonical variational transition state theory with appropriate tunnelling corrections at CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,2p)//BHandHLYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory to complement our experimentally measured kinetic parameters. The experimental and theoretical data obtained were used to evaluate the impact of the studied molecules in the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnupriya Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Balla Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India; Centre for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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2
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Deal AM, Vaida V. Oxygen Effect on the Ultraviolet-C Photochemistry of Lactic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:2936-2945. [PMID: 36962071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid, a small α-hydroxyacid, is ubiquitous in both indoor and outdoor environments. Recently, the photochemistry of lactic acid has garnered interest among the abiotic organic chemistry community as it would have been present in abiotic settings and photoactive with the high-energy solar radiation that would have been available in the low oxygen early Earth environment. Additionally, we propose that the photochemistry of lactic acid is relevant to modern Earth during indoor ultraviolet-C (UVC) sterilization procedures as lactic acid is emitted by humans and is thus prevalent in indoor environments where UVC sterilization is increasingly being used. Here, we study the oxygen effect on the gas phase photolysis of lactic acid using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and isotopically labeled oxygen (18O2). We find that the major products of gas phase lactic acid photolysis are CO2, CO, acetaldehyde, and acetic acid. Furthermore, these products are the same with or without added oxygen, but the partial pressures of produced CO2, CO, and acetaldehyde increase with the amount of added oxygen. Notably, the added oxygen is primarily incorporated into produced CO2 and CO, while little or none is incorporated into acetaldehyde. We combine the results presented here with those in the literature to propose a mechanism for the gas phase photolysis of lactic acid and the role of oxygen in this mechanism. Finally, we compare the output of a krypton-chloride excimer lamp (λ = 222 nm), one of the lamps proposed for UVC sterilization procedures, to the absorption of lactic acid. We show that lactic acid would be photoactive during UVC sterilization procedures, and we use the gas phase results presented here and aqueous lactic acid photolysis results previously published to assess potential byproducts from lactic acid reactions during UVC sterilization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Deal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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3
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Deal AM, Frandsen BN, Vaida V. Lactic acid photochemistry following excitation of S
0
to S
1
at 220 to 250 nm. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
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4
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Sadiek I, Friedrichs G, Sakai Y. Ab Initio and RRKM/Master Equation Analysis of the Photolysis and Thermal Unimolecular Decomposition of Bromoacetaldehyde. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8282-8293. [PMID: 34498882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bromoacetaldehyde (BrCH2CHO) is a major stable brominated organic intermediate of the bromine-ethylene addition reaction during the arctic bromine explosion events. Similar to acetaldehyde, which has been recently identified as a source of organic acids in the troposphere, it may be subjected to photo-tautomerization initially forming brominated vinyl compounds. In this study, we investigate the unimolecular reactions of BrCH2CHO under both photolytic and thermal conditions using high-level quantum chemical calculations and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM)/master equation analysis. The unimolecular decomposition of BrCH2CHO takes place through 14 dissociation and isomerization channels along a potential energy surface involving eight wells. Under the assumption of singlet ground-state potential energy surface-dominated photodynamics, the primary photodissociation yields of BrCH2CHO are investigated under both collision-free and collision energy transfer conditions. At atmospheric pressure and under tropospheric actinic flux conditions at ground level, depending on the assumed collisional energy transfer parameter, 150 cm-1 < ⟨ΔEdown⟩ < 450 cm-1, 78-33% of BrCH2CHO undergoes direct photodissociation instead of collisional deactivation at an excitation wavelength of 320 nm. This is significantly higher than the 14% reported for acetaldehyde, hence indicating a strong effect of bromine substitution on the product photolysis yield that is related to additional favorable Br and HBr forming dissociation channels. In contrast to the overall photodissociation quantum yield, the relative branching fractions of the photodissociation products are less dependent on the collisional energy transfer parameter. For a representative value of ⟨ΔEdown⟩ = 300 cm-1 and an excitation wavelength of 320 nm, with 27% for C-C bond fission, 11% for C-Br bond fission, 7% for HBr elimination, and only below 2% each for a consecutive O-Br fission reaction and the photo-tautomerization channel yielding brominated vinyl alcohol, the photodissociation is markedly different from the acetaldehyde case. Finally, as brominated halogenated compounds are of interest for flame inhibition purposes, thermal multichannel unimolecular rate constants were calculated for temperatures in the range from 500 to 2000 K. At a temperature of 2000 K and ambient pressure, the two main reaction channels are the C-Br and C-C bond fissions, contributing 35 and 43% to the total reaction flux, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sadiek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gernot Friedrichs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.,KMS Kiel Marine Science-Centre for Interdisciplinary Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Ibaraki, Japan
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5
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Yang CH, Bhattacharyya S, Liu K. Time-Resolved Pair-Correlated Imaging of the Photodissociation of Acetaldehyde at 267 nm: Pathway Partitioning. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6450-6460. [PMID: 34286579 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) by UV excitation involves interwoven multiple reaction pathways, including nonradiative decay, isomerization, transition-state pathway, roaming, and other dissociation mechanisms. Recently, we employed picosecond time-resolved, pair-correlated product imaging in a study of acetaldehyde photodissociation at 267 nm to disentangle those competing mechanisms and to elucidate the possible roaming pathways (Yang, C. H.; Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 6423-6430). Here, we complement the pair-correlated product speed distribution of CO(v = 0) at the high-j side of the CO rotational state distribution in the CO + CH4 channel and detail the two-dimensional data analysis of the time-resolved images. As a result, extensive comparisons with other studies can be made and the branching fractions of the previously assigned TScc(S0), non-TScc(S0), and CI(S1/S0) pathways for the CO(v = 0) + CH4 molecular channel are evaluated to be 0.74 ± 0.08, 0.15 ± 0.02, and 0.11 ± 0.02, respectively. Together with the macroscopic branching ratio between the molecular (CO + CH4) and radical (CH3 + HCO) channels at 267 nm from the literature, a global view of the microscopic pathways can then be delineated, which provides invaluable insights and should pave the way for further studies of this interesting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsin Yang
- International PhD Program for Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | | | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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6
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Savee JD, Sztáray B, Welz O, Taatjes CA, Osborn DL. Valence Photoionization and Autoionization of the Formyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3874-3884. [PMID: 33929204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used 308 nm photolysis of acetaldehyde to measure a photoionization spectrum of the formyl (HCO) radical between 8 and 11.5 eV using an 11 meV FWHM photoionization energy resolution. We have confirmed that the formyl radical is the carrier of the spectrum by generating an identical spectrum of the HCO product in the Cl + H2CO reaction. The spectrum of HCO and its deuterated isotopologue (DCO) have several resolved autoionizing resonances above the Franck-Condon envelope, which we assign to autoionization after initial excitation into neutral 3sσ and 3p Rydberg states converging to the first triplet excited state of HCO+(ã 3A'). The quantum defects for these states are δ3sσ = 1.06 ± 0.02 and δ3p = 0.821 ± 0.019. We report absolute photoionization cross-section measurements of σHCOPI(9.907 eV) = 4.5 ± 0.9 Mb, σHCOPI(10.007 eV) = 4.8 ± 1.0 Mb, σHCOPI(10.107 eV) = 6.0 ± 1.2 Mb, σHCOPI(10.107 eV) = 5.7 ± 1.2 Mb, and σHCOPI(10.304 eV) = 10.6 ± 2.2 Mb relative to the photoionization cross section of the methyl radical. The absolute cross-section measurements are a factor of ∼1.5 larger than those determined in past studies, although the presence of strong autoionizing features supports a dependence on photoionization energy resolution. We propose that the semiempirical model of Xu and Pratt for estimation of free radical photoionization cross sections is more accurate when applied with a reference species containing the same atoms as the free radical rather than isoelectronic species with different atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Savee
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
| | - Oliver Welz
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Craig A Taatjes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Harrison AW, Shaw MF, De Bruyn WJ. Theoretical Investigation of the Atmospheric Photochemistry of Glyoxylic Acid in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8109-8121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Harrison
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 98266, United States
| | - Miranda F. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Warren J. De Bruyn
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 98266, United States
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8
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Tsuji M, Miyano M, Kamo N, Kawahara T, Uto K, Hayashi JI, Tsuji T. Photochemical removal of acetaldehyde using 172 nm vacuum ultraviolet excimer lamp in N 2 or air at atmospheric pressure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:11314-11325. [PMID: 30798499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical removal of acetaldehyde was studied in N2 or air (O2 1-20%) at atmospheric pressure using side-on and head-on types of 172 nm Xe2 excimer lamps. When CH3CHO was decomposed in N2 using the head-on lamp (HL), CH4, CO, and CO2 were observed as products in FTIR spectra. The initial removal rate of CH3CHO in N2 was ascertained as 0.37 min-1. In air (1-20% O2), HCHO, HCOOH, CO, and CO2 were observed as products in FTIR spectra. The removal rate of CH3CHO in air using the side-on lamp (SL) increased from 3.2 to 18.6 min-1 with decreasing O2 concentration from 20 to 1%. It also increased from 2.5 to 3.7 min-1 with increasing CH3CHO concentration from 150 to 1000 ppm at 20% O2. The best energy efficiency of the CH3CHO removal using the SL in a flow system was 2.8 g/kWh at 1% O2. Results show that the contribution of O(1D) and O3 is insignificant in the initial decomposition of CH3CHO. It was inferred that CH3CHO is initially decomposed by the O(3P) + CH3CHO reaction at 5-20% O2, whereas the contribution of direct vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis increases concomitantly with decreasing O2 pressure at < 5% O2. After initial decomposition of CH3CHO, it was oxidized further by reactions of O(3P), OH, and O3 with various intermediates such as HCHO, HCOOH, and CO, leading to CO2 as a final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Masato Miyano
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kamo
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Keiko Uto
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Research and Education Center of Green Technology, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuji
- Interdisciplinary Factory of Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
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9
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Harrison AW, Kharazmi A, Shaw MF, Quinn MS, Lee KLK, Nauta K, Rowell KN, Jordan MJT, Kable SH. Dynamics and quantum yields of H2 + CH2CO as a primary photolysis channel in CH3CHO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14284-14295. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new ketene + H2 channel in CH3CHO photolysis is not modelled by quasi-classical trajectories over the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Kharazmi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | | | - K. L. Kelvin Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Klaas Nauta
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Keiran N. Rowell
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Scott H. Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
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10
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Shaw MF, Sztáray B, Whalley LK, Heard DE, Millet DB, Jordan MJT, Osborn DL, Kable SH. Photo-tautomerization of acetaldehyde as a photochemical source of formic acid in the troposphere. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 29968712 PMCID: PMC6030138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04824-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic acids play a key role in the troposphere, contributing to atmospheric aqueous-phase chemistry, aerosol formation, and precipitation acidity. Atmospheric models currently account for less than half the observed, globally averaged formic acid loading. Here we report that acetaldehyde photo-tautomerizes to vinyl alcohol under atmospherically relevant pressures of nitrogen, in the actinic wavelength range, λ = 300-330 nm, with measured quantum yields of 2-25%. Recent theoretical kinetics studies show hydroxyl-initiated oxidation of vinyl alcohol produces formic acid. Adding these pathways to an atmospheric chemistry box model (Master Chemical Mechanism) demonstrates increased formic acid concentrations by a factor of ~1.7 in the polluted troposphere and a factor of ~3 under pristine conditions. Incorporating this mechanism into the GEOS-Chem 3D global chemical transport model reveals an estimated 7% contribution to worldwide formic acid production, with up to 60% of the total modeled formic acid production over oceans arising from photo-tautomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda F Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bálint Sztáray
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, 95211, USA
| | - Lisa K Whalley
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dwayne E Heard
- School of Chemistry and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dylan B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | - David L Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA.
| | - Scott H Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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11
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Reed Harris AE, Cazaunau M, Gratien A, Pangui E, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Atmospheric Simulation Chamber Studies of the Gas-Phase Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8348-8358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Aline Gratien
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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12
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Toulson BW, Kapnas KM, Fishman DA, Murray C. Competing pathways in the near-UV photochemistry of acetaldehyde. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14276-14288. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02573d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved ion imaging measurements have been performed to explore the photochemistry of acetaldehyde at photolysis wavelengths spanning the range 265–328 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kara M. Kapnas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California, Irvine
- Irvine
- USA
| | | | - Craig Murray
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California, Irvine
- Irvine
- USA
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13
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Reed Harris AE, Doussin JF, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Gas-Phase Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid: The Effect of Pressure on Reaction Rates and Products. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:10123-10133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC),
Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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14
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Wu B, Zhang G, Zhang S. Fate and implication of acetylacetone in photochemical processes for water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 101:233-240. [PMID: 27262551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acetylacetone (AA), due to the peculiar enol-keto structures, has attracted wide scientific interests. In terms of photo-decolorization, it works much more efficiently than the well-known H2O2. However, there is very limited information on the photochemistry of AA in aqueous solutions. Herein, the photolysis kinetics, quantum yield, mass balance, decomposition pathway, and bioavailability of AA during UV irradiation were systematically investigated. It seems that photophysical processes predominated over photochemical ones when AA was irradiated with UV light. Although the quantum yield of AA (0.116) was much lower than that of H2O2 (1.0), the stronger light absorption of AA and the better overlap of the AA absorption spectrum with the solar emission spectrum, as well as the direct energy/electron transfer mechanisms, ensured its high efficiency in photochemical processes. The main degradation products of AA in photochemical processes were similar to the metabolic products in bio-fermentation. Besides, the irradiated AA solution showed a high bioavailability to the cells in activated sludge. Therefore, the UV/AA process might be a promising pre-treatment approach for bio-treatment. The results provide new insights into the photochemical fate and implication of β-diketones in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingdang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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15
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So S, Wille U, da Silva G. A Theoretical Study of the Photoisomerization of Glycolaldehyde and Subsequent OH Radical-Initiated Oxidation of 1,2-Ethenediol. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9812-20. [PMID: 26335928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been discovered that carbonyl compounds can undergo UV-induced isomerization to their enol counterparts under atmospheric conditions. This study investigates the photoisomerization of glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO) to 1,2-ethenediol (HOCH═CHOH) and the subsequent (•)OH-initiated oxidation chemistry of the latter using quantum chemical calculations and stochastic master equation simulations. The keto-enol tautomerization of glycolaldehyde to 1,2-ethenediol is associated with a barrier of 66 kcal mol(-1) and involves a double-hydrogen shift mechanism to give the lower-energy Z isomer. This barrier lies below the energy of the UV/vis absorption band of glycolaldehyde and is also considerably below the energy of the products resulting from photolytic decomposition. The subsequent atmospheric oxidation of 1,2-ethenediol by (•)OH is initiated by addition of the radical to the π system to give the (•)CH(OH)CH(OH)2 radical, which is subsequently trapped by O2 to form the peroxyl radical (•)O2CH(OH)CH(OH)2. According to kinetic simulations, collisional deactivation of the latter is negligible and cannot compete with rapid fragmentation reactions, which lead to (i) formation of glyoxal hydrate [CH(OH)2CHO] and HO2(•) through an α-hydroxyl mechanism (96%) and (ii) two molecules of formic acid with release of (•)OH through a β-hydroxyl pathway (4%). Phenomenological rate coefficients for these two reaction channels were obtained for use in atmospheric chemical modeling. At tropospheric (•)OH concentrations, the lifetime of 1,2-ethenediol toward reaction with (•)OH is calculated to be 68 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui So
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Uta Wille
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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16
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Morajkar P, Bossolasco A, Schoemaecker C, Fittschen C. Photolysis of CH3CHO at 248 nm: Evidence of triple fragmentation from primary quantum yield of CH3 and HCO radicals and H atoms. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4878668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Hung KC, Tsai PY, Li HK, Lin KC. Photodissociation of CH3CHO at 248 nm by time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared emission spectroscopy: Verification of roaming and triple fragmentation. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:064313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4862266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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18
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Lee KLK, Quinn MS, Maccarone AT, Nauta K, Houston PL, Reid SA, Jordan MJT, Kable SH. Two roaming pathways in the photolysis of CH3CHO between 328 and 308 nm. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We attribute the two product-state distributions previously seen in CH3CHO photodissociation to CH3-roaming and H-roaming, unifying all previous experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Long K. Lee
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia
| | - Mitchell S. Quinn
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia
| | | | - Klaas Nauta
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia
| | - Paul L. Houston
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta, USA
| | - Scott A. Reid
- School of Chemistry
- University of Sydney
- Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Scott H. Kable
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Kensington, Australia
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19
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Antiñolo M, Jiménez E, González S, Albaladejo J. Atmospheric Chemistry of CF3CF2CHO: Absorption Cross Sections in the UV and IR Regions, Photolysis at 308 nm, and Gas-Phase Reaction with OH Radicals (T = 263–358 K). J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:178-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410283v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Antiñolo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación
Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores
s/n, Edificio Polivalente, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sergio González
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Albaladejo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías
Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto
de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación
Atmosférica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camino de Moledores
s/n, Edificio Polivalente, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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20
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Antiñolo M, Bettinelli C, Jain C, Dréan P, Lemoine B, Albaladejo J, Jiménez E, Fittschen C. Photolysis of CF3CH2CHO in the Presence of O2 at 248 and 266 nm: Quantum Yields, Products, and Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10661-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404823b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Antiñolo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda.
Camilo José Cela, s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C. Bettinelli
- Laboratoire PhLAM - UMR CNRS 8523, Université Lille Nord de France, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Laboratoire PC2A - UMR CNRS 8522, Université Lille Nord de France, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - C. Jain
- Laboratoire PC2A - UMR CNRS 8522, Université Lille Nord de France, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - P. Dréan
- Laboratoire PhLAM - UMR CNRS 8523, Université Lille Nord de France, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - B. Lemoine
- Laboratoire PhLAM - UMR CNRS 8523, Université Lille Nord de France, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - J. Albaladejo
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda.
Camilo José Cela, s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - E. Jiménez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias
y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda.
Camilo José Cela, s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C. Fittschen
- Laboratoire PC2A - UMR CNRS 8522, Université Lille Nord de France, Cité Scientifique, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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21
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Morajkar P, Schoemaecker C, Okumura M, Fittschen C. Direct Measurement of the Equilibrium Constants of the Reaction of Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde with HO2
Radicals. INT J CHEM KINET 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Morajkar
- PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère-PC2A; UMR 8522; Université Lille Nord de France F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Coralie Schoemaecker
- PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère-PC2A; UMR 8522; Université Lille Nord de France F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Christa Fittschen
- PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère-PC2A; UMR 8522; Université Lille Nord de France F-59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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22
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Andrews DU, Kable SH, Jordan MJT. A Phase Space Theory for Roaming Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7631-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405582z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott H. Kable
- School of
Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006,
Australia
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23
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Clubb AE, Jordan MJT, Kable SH, Osborn DL. Phototautomerization of Acetaldehyde to Vinyl Alcohol: A Primary Process in UV-Irradiated Acetaldehyde from 295 to 335 nm. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3522-3526. [PMID: 26290982 DOI: 10.1021/jz301701x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of organic acids, key species in the formation of secondary organic aerosols, are underestimated by atmospheric chemistry models by a factor of ∼2. Vinyl alcohol (VA, CH2═CHOH, ethenol) has been suggested as a precursor to formic acid, but sufficient tropospheric sources of VA have not been identified. Here, we show that VA is formed upon irradiation of neat acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) in the actinic ultraviolet region, between 295 and 330 nm. Besides the well-known photochemical products CO and CH4, we infer up to a 15% quantum yield of VA at 20 Torr acetaldehyde pressure and a photolysis wavelength of 330 nm. The experiments confirm a recent model predicting phototautomerization of acetaldehyde to VA and imply that photolysis of small aldehydes and ketones could provide tropospheric sources of enols sufficient to impact organic acid budgets. We also report absolute infrared absorption cross sections of VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Clubb
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 969, MS 9055 Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - Meredith J T Jordan
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 969, MS 9055 Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - S H Kable
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 969, MS 9055 Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
| | - David L Osborn
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 969, MS 9055 Livermore, California 94551-0969, United States
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24
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Andrews DU, Heazlewood BR, Maccarone AT, Conroy T, Payne RJ, Jordan MJT, Kable SH. Photo-Tautomerization of Acetaldehyde to Vinyl Alcohol: A Potential Route to Tropospheric Acids. Science 2012; 337:1203-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Photochemistry of CF3(CH2)2CHO in air: UV absorption cross sections between 230 and 340 nm and photolysis quantum yields at 308 nm. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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de Wit G, Heazlewood BR, Quinn MS, Maccarone AT, Nauta K, Reid SA, Jordan MJT, Kable SH. Product state and speed distributions in photochemical triple fragmentations. Faraday Discuss 2012; 157:227-41; discussion 243-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20015e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Tadić JM, Moortgat GK, Bera PP, Loewenstein M, Yates EL, Lee TJ. Photochemistry and Photophysics of n-Butanal, 3-Methylbutanal, and 3,3-Dimethylbutanal: Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:5830-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208665v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan M. Tadić
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Geert K. Moortgat
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany
| | - Partha P. Bera
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Max Loewenstein
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Emma L. Yates
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
| | - Timothy J. Lee
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States
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28
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Mukhopadhyay A, Mukherjee M, Ghosh AK, Chakraborty T. UV photolysis of α-cyclohexanedione in the gas phase. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7494-502. [PMID: 21627135 DOI: 10.1021/jp201110p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet absorption spectrum of α-cyclohexanedione (α-CHD) vapor in the wavelength range of 220-320 nm has been recorded in a 1 m long path gas cell at room temperature. With the aid of theoretical calculation, the band has been assigned to the S(2) ← S(0) transition of largely ππ* type. The absorption cross section at the band maximum (∼258 nm) is nearly 3 orders of magnitude larger compared to that for the S(2) ← S(0) transition of a linear α-diketo prototype, 2,3-pentanedione. The photolysis was performed by exciting the sample vapor near this band maximum, using the 253.7 nm line of a mercury vapor lamp, and the products were analyzed by mass spectrometry as well as by infrared spectroscopy. The identified products are cyclopentanone, carbon monoxide, ketene, ethylene, and 4-pentenal. Geometry optimization at the CIS/6-311++G** level predicts that the carbonyl group is pyramidally distorted in the excited S(1) and S(2) states, but the α-CHD ring does not show dissociative character. Potential energy curves with respect to a ring rupture coordinate (C-C bond between two carbonyl groups) for S(0), S(1), S(2), T(1), T(2), and T(3) states have been generated by partially optimizing the ground state geometry at DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G** level and calculating the vertical transition energies to the excited states by TDDFT method. Our analysis reveals that the reactions can take place at higher vibrational levels of S(0) as well as T(1) states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta 700032, India
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