1
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Marion S, Vučemilović-Alagić N, Špadina M, Radenović A, Smith AS. From Water Solutions to Ionic Liquids with Solid State Nanopores as a Perspective to Study Transport and Translocation Phenomena. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100777. [PMID: 33955694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid state nanopores are single-molecular devices governed by nanoscale physics with a broad potential for technological applications. However, the control of translocation speed in these systems is still limited. Ionic liquids are molten salts which are commonly used as alternate solvents enabling the regulation of the chemical and physical interactions on solid-liquid interfaces. While their combination can be challenging to the understanding of nanoscopic processes, there has been limited attempts on bringing these two together. While summarizing the state of the art and open questions in these fields, several major advances are presented with a perspective on the next steps in the investigations of ionic-liquid filled nanopores, both from a theoretical and experimental standpoint. By analogy to aqueous solutions, it is argued that ionic liquids and nanopores can be combined to provide new nanofluidic functionalities, as well as to help resolve some of the pertinent problems in understanding transport phenomena in confined ionic liquids and providing better control of the speed of translocating analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjin Marion
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nataša Vučemilović-Alagić
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- PULS Group, Physics Department, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Špadina
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Radenović
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- Group for Computational Life Sciences, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- PULS Group, Physics Department, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Wang YL, Li B, Sarman S, Mocci F, Lu ZY, Yuan J, Laaksonen A, Fayer MD. Microstructural and Dynamical Heterogeneities in Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2020; 120:5798-5877. [PMID: 32292036 PMCID: PMC7349628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a special category of molten salts solely composed of ions with varied molecular symmetry and charge delocalization. The versatility in combining varied cation-anion moieties and in functionalizing ions with different atoms and molecular groups contributes to their peculiar interactions ranging from weak isotropic associations to strong, specific, and anisotropic forces. A delicate interplay among intra- and intermolecular interactions facilitates the formation of heterogeneous microstructures and liquid morphologies, which further contributes to their striking dynamical properties. Microstructural and dynamical heterogeneities of ILs lead to their multifaceted properties described by an inherent designer feature, which makes ILs important candidates for novel solvents, electrolytes, and functional materials in academia and industrial applications. Due to a massive number of combinations of ion pairs with ion species having distinct molecular structures and IL mixtures containing varied molecular solvents, a comprehensive understanding of their hierarchical structural and dynamical quantities is of great significance for a rational selection of ILs with appropriate properties and thereafter advancing their macroscopic functionalities in applications. In this review, we comprehensively trace recent advances in understanding delicate interplay of strong and weak interactions that underpin their complex phase behaviors with a particular emphasis on understanding heterogeneous microstructures and dynamics of ILs in bulk liquids, in mixtures with cosolvents, and in interfacial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lei Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Sten Sarman
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Mocci
- Department
of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University
of Cagliari, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
- Centre of
Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Department
of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department
of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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3
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Maruyama S, Prastiawan IBH, Toyabe K, Higuchi Y, Koganezawa T, Kubo M, Matsumoto Y. Ionic Conductivity in Ionic Liquid Nano Thin Films. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10509-10517. [PMID: 30199622 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thin film approaches are powerful methods for gaining a nanoscale understanding of interfacial ionic liquids (ILs) in the vicinity of solids. These approaches are used to directly elucidate the interfacial contributions to the physical properties of ILs as nanoscale thin films have significant proportions of the surface or interface region with respect to their total volume. Here, we report the growth of a uniform [emim][TFSA] thin film ionic liquid on a chemically modified, well-wettable sapphire, thereby allowing the in situ measurement of its ionic conductivity on the nanoscale. We observed the thickness-dependent behavior of the ionic conductivity, which gradually decreased especially when the thickness was less than 10 nm, and found it to be quantitatively analyzed well by using an empirical two-layer model. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the thickness-dependent ionic conductivity originates from the solid-like structuring of the IL near the substrate, reproducing a thickness-dependent ionic conductivity. The MD simulation results suggest that the thickness of the low conductivity region determined in the two-layer model should roughly correspond to the thickness of the solid-like structuring of the IL near the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579 , Japan
| | | | - Kaho Toyabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579 , Japan
| | - Yuji Higuchi
- Institute for Materials Research , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) , SPring-8, 1-1-1 Kouto , Sayo , Hyogo 679-5198 , Japan
| | - Momoji Kubo
- Institute for Materials Research , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8577 , Japan
| | - Yuji Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8579 , Japan
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4
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Yokota Y, Miyamoto H, Imanishi A, Inagaki K, Morikawa Y, Fukui KI. Structural and dynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/mica and graphite interfaces revealed by molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6668-6676. [PMID: 29457158 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been observed that the properties of room temperature ionic liquids near solid substrates are different from those of bulk liquids, and these properties play an important role in the development of catalysts, lubricants, and electrochemical devices. In this paper, we report microscopic studies of ionic liquid/solid interfaces performed using molecular dynamics simulations. The structural and dynamic properties of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BMIM-TFSI) on mica and graphite interfaces were thoroughly investigated to elucidate the microscopic origins of the formation of layered structures at the interfaces. Our investigation included the observation of structural and orientational changes of ions as a function of distance from the surfaces, and contour mappings of ions parallel and perpendicular to the surfaces. By virtue of such detailed analyses, we found that, during the 5 ns simulation, the closest layer of BMIM-TFSI behaves as a two-dimensional ionic crystal on mica and as a liquid or liquid crystal on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Yokota
- Surface and Interface Science Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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5
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Gómez-González V, Docampo-Álvarez B, Montes-Campos H, Otero JC, Lago EL, Cabeza O, Gallego LJ, Varela LM. Solvation of Al3+ cations in bulk and confined protic ionic liquids: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19071-19081. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02933d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured solvation of Al3+ in an EAN ionic liquid, forming octahedral complexes with nitrate anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Gómez-González
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Borja Docampo-Álvarez
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Hadrián Montes-Campos
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Juan Carlos Otero
- Universidad de Málaga
- Andalucía Tech
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Departamento de Química Física
- Unidad Asociada CSIC
| | - Elena López Lago
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Oscar Cabeza
- Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- Campus A Zapateira s/n
- E-15071 A Coruña
| | - Luis J. Gallego
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Luis M. Varela
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas y Departamento de Física Aplicada
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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6
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Gómez-González V, Docampo-Álvarez B, Otero-Mato JM, Cabeza O, Gallego LJ, Varela LM. Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure of mixtures of protic ionic liquids and monovalent and divalent salts at the electrochemical interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12767-12776. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonded protic ionic liquids improve the transport of electrochemically relevant cations to charged walls relative to aprotic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Gómez-González
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Borja Docampo-Álvarez
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - J. Manuel Otero-Mato
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
| | - Oscar Cabeza
- Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Luis J. Gallego
- Departamento de Física y Ciencias de la Tierra
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | - Luis M. Varela
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda
- Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process,
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process,
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process,
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process,
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase
Complex Systems, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process,
Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Abstract
The role of relative humidity (RH) on the wetting behavior of droplets of two [Rmim][NTf2] ionic liquids (ILs) on a mica surface was investigated and water vapor adsorption was found to enhance the ILs precursor film formation and droplet spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of MOE
- Institute of Optoelectronics
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Fuxi Shi
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- China
| | - Cunlu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
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9
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Gómez-González V, Docampo-Álvarez B, Méndez-Morales T, Cabeza O, Ivaništšev VB, Fedorov MV, Gallego LJ, Varela LM. Molecular dynamics simulation of the structure and interfacial free energy barriers of mixtures of ionic liquids and divalent salts near a graphene wall. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:846-853. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dynamics study of graphene-confined mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]) with Mg[BF4]2 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Gómez-González
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda. Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Borja Docampo-Álvarez
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda. Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Trinidad Méndez-Morales
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda. Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Oscar Cabeza
- Departamento de Física
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- E-15071 A Coruña
- Spain
| | | | - Maxim V. Fedorov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology
- Moscow 143026
- Russian Federation
- Department of Physics
- Scottish University Physics Alliance (SUPA)
| | - Luis J. Gallego
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda. Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
| | - Luis M. Varela
- Grupo de Nanomateriales
- Fotónica y Materia Blanda. Departamento de Física de Partículas
- Facultade de Física
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- E-15782 Santiago de Compostela
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10
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McDonald S, Elbourne A, Warr GG, Atkin R. Metal ion adsorption at the ionic liquid-mica interface. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:906-914. [PMID: 26661934 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05833c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mica has been employed in many studies of ionic liquid (IL) interfaces on account of its atomic smoothness and well defined surface properties. However, until now it has been unclear whether ions dissolved in ILs can compete with the IL cation and adsorb to mica charge sites. In this work amplitude modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to probe metal ion adsorption at the interface of mica with propylammonium nitrate (PAN), a room temperature IL. Lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium nitrate salts were added to PAN at a concentration of ∼60 mM. Aluminum nitrate was also investigated, but only at 5 mM because its solubility in PAN is much lower. The AM-AFM images obtained when the metal ions were present are strikingly different to that of pure PAN, indicating that the ions compete effectively with the propylammonium cation and adsorb to negatively charged sites on the mica surface despite their much lower concentration. This is a consequence of electrostatic attractions between the mica charge sites and the metal ions being significantly stronger than for the propylammonium cation; compared to the metal ions the propylammonium charged group is relatively constrained sterically. A distinct honeycomb pattern is noted for the PAN + Al(3+) system, less obviously for the divalent ions and not at all for monovalent ions. This difference is attributed to the strength of electrostatic interactions between metal ions and mica charge sites increasing with the ion charge, which means that divalent and (particularly) trivalent ions are located more precisely above the charged sites of the mica lattice. The images obtained allow important distinctions between metal ion adsorption at mica-water and mica-PAN interfaces to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samila McDonald
- Discipline of Chemistry, The Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Aaron Elbourne
- Discipline of Chemistry, The Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline of Chemistry, The Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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12
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Brkljača Z, Klimczak M, Miličević Z, Weisser M, Taccardi N, Wasserscheid P, Smith DM, Magerl A, Smith AS. Complementary Molecular Dynamics and X-ray Reflectivity Study of an Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquid at a Neutral Sapphire Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:549-55. [PMID: 26261977 DOI: 10.1021/jz5024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular-level behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) at IL-solid interfaces is of fundamental importance with respect to their application in, for example, electrochemical systems and electronic devices. Using a model system, consisting of an imidazolium-based IL ([C2Mim][NTf2]) in contact with a sapphire substrate, we have approached this problem using a complementary combination of high-resolution X-ray reflectivity measurements and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our strategy enabled us to compare experimental and theoretically calculated reflectivities in a direct manner, thereby critically assessing the applicability of several force-field variants. On the other hand, using the best-matching MD description, we are able to describe the nature of the model IL-solid interface in appreciable detail. More specifically, we find that characteristic interactions between the surface hydroxyl groups and donor and acceptor sites on the IL constituents have a dominant role in inducing a multidimensional layering profile of the cations and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Brkljača
- †Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Klimczak
- ‡Crystallography and Structural Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zoran Miličević
- †Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Weisser
- ‡Crystallography and Structural Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola Taccardi
- §Chemical Reaction Engineering, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- §Chemical Reaction Engineering, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David M Smith
- ⊥Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- ∥Center for Computational Chemistry, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Magerl
- ‡Crystallography and Structural Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- †Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- ⊥Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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13
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Elbourne A, Voïtchovsky K, Warr GG, Atkin R. Ion structure controls ionic liquid near-surface and interfacial nanostructure. Chem Sci 2015; 6:527-536. [PMID: 28936307 PMCID: PMC5588538 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique, but unifying, feature of ionic liquids (ILs) is that they are nanostructured on the length scale of the ions; in many ILs well-defined polar and apolar domains exist and may percolate through the liquid. Near a surface the isotropic symmetry of the bulk structure is broken, resulting in different nanostructures which, until now, have only been studied indirectly. In this paper, in situ amplitude modulated atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to resolve the 3-dimensional nanostructure of five protic ILs at and near the surface of mica. The surface and near surface structures are distinct and remarkably well-defined, but are very different from previously accepted descriptions. Interfacial nanostructure is strongly influenced by the registry between cations and the mica surface charge sites, whereas near surface nanostructure is sensitive to both cation and anion structure. Together these ILs reveal how interfacial nanostructure can be tuned through ion structure, informing "bottom-up" design and optimisation of ILs for diverse technologies including heterogeneous catalysis, lubrication, electrochemical processes, and nanofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- Discipline of Chemistry , University of Newcastle , NSW 2308 , Callaghan , Australia .
| | | | - Gregory G Warr
- School of Chemistry , University of Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline of Chemistry , University of Newcastle , NSW 2308 , Callaghan , Australia .
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14
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Rouha M, Cummings PT. Thickness-dependent structural arrangement in nano-confined imidazolium-based ionic liquid films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4152-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05138f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-confined ionic liquid interfacial layers showing lateral and perpendicular structural changes dependent on thickness of adsorbed film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rouha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Vanderbilt University
- Nashville
- USA
- Institute for Nanomaterials
| | - Peter T. Cummings
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Vanderbilt University
- Nashville
- USA
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
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15
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Elbourne A, Cronshaw S, Voïtchovsky K, Warr GG, Atkin R. Near surface properties of mixtures of propylammonium nitrate with n-alkanols 1. Nanostructure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26621-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04786b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ amplitude modulated-atomic force microscopy (AM-AFM) has been used to probe the nanostructure of mixtures of propylammonium nitrate (PAN) with n-alkanols near a mica surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Samuel Cronshaw
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | | | | | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline of Chemistry
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
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Payal RS, Balasubramanian S. Effect of cation symmetry on the organization of ionic liquids near a charged mica surface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:284101. [PMID: 24919885 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/28/284101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to understand the effect of the symmetry of cations on the microscopic organization of ionic liquids near a charged mica surface. Ionic liquids with a 1,3-alkylimidazolium ([C(n)C(m)im](+)) cation and a bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([NTf2](-)) anion were investigated. Apart from symmetry, the length of the alkyl group attached to the cation is found to crucially determine the ion structure near the solid surface. In the first adsorbed layer, the ring planes of cations with shorter alkyl groups (less than four carbon atoms) are oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the surface. However, cations with longer alkyl tails are exclusively observed to have their ring planes parallel to the mica surface. The alkyl groups too show a similar dependence of their orientation on the tail length. Further, symmetric cations with alkyl groups of intermediate length are more highly structured at the interface than their asymmetric counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Singh Payal
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560 064, India
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Méndez-Morales T, Carrete J, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Cabeza Ó, Gallego LJ, Lynden-Bell RM, Varela LM. Molecular dynamics simulations of the structure of the graphene–ionic liquid/alkali salt mixtures interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:13271-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00918e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids mixed with lithium or potassium salts are layered near charged and uncharged graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Méndez-Morales
- Grupo de Nanomateriais e Materia Branda
- Departamento de Física da Materia Condensada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Carrete
- Grupo de Nanomateriais e Materia Branda
- Departamento de Física da Materia Condensada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CEA
| | | | - Óscar Cabeza
- Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis J. Gallego
- Grupo de Nanomateriais e Materia Branda
- Departamento de Física da Materia Condensada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Luis M. Varela
- Grupo de Nanomateriais e Materia Branda
- Departamento de Física da Materia Condensada
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Wang Z, Priest C. Impact of nanoscale surface heterogeneity on precursor film growth and macroscopic spreading of [Rmim][NTf2] ionic liquids on mica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11344-11353. [PMID: 23937096 DOI: 10.1021/la402668v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The connection between the interfacial properties of ionic liquids and their wetting behavior has been studied very little to date and not at all on heterogeneous surfaces. Therefore, we have investigated the static and dynamic wetting for a family of ionic liquids, 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, [Rmim][NTf2], on mica, where R represents an ethyl, butyl, or hexyl alkyl chain on the imidazolium ring. Spreading is impacted greatly by a precursor film that forms on both homogeneous and heterogeneous mica surfaces. Macroscopically, the initial viscous spreading of the ionic liquid droplet on bare mica occurs within seconds but is then followed by a very slow relaxation that can be closely correlated with the typical time-scales of the precursor film growth. The contact angle for [emim][NTf2] and [bmim][NTf2] relaxes from about 40° to 23° over 30 and 90 min, respectively. For [hmim][NTf2], the process takes approximately 24 h and approaches complete wetting. The thickness of the precursor films for [emim][NTf2], [bmim][NTf2], and [hmim][NTf2] were 0.53, 0.65, and 1.0 nm, respectively, according to atomic force microscopy (AFM). These values are consistent with a monolayer of ionic liquid cations on mica, rather than ion pairs. A monolayer of octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA) on mica prevents both the formation of a precursor film and the relaxation of the contact angle. However, only a partial surface coverage of ~60% OPA is required to have the same effect. Quenching of precursor film formation (and associated contact angle relaxation) is due to an increasingly connected network of OPA regions that closes the nanoscale paths of bare mica on which the precursor film can develop via surface diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Wang
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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Peñalber CY, Baker GA, Baldelli S. Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Cyano-Functionalized Anions at the Solid Salt–Liquid Interface. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:5939-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4019074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chariz Y. Peñalber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United
States
| | - Gary A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Columbia, Columbia, Missouri,
65211-7600, United States
| | - Steven Baldelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United
States
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Smith AM, Lovelock KRJ, Perkin S. Monolayer and bilayer structures in ionic liquids and their mixtures confined to nano-films. Faraday Discuss 2013; 167:279-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Merlet C, Rotenberg B, Madden PA, Salanne M. Computer simulations of ionic liquids at electrochemical interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15781-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Payal RS, Balasubramanian S. Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy for Ionic Liquids: Massless Model Shows the Way. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:3085-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dragoni D, Manini N, Ballone P. Interfacial Layering of a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Thin Film on Mica: A Computational Investigation. Chemphyschem 2012; 13:1772-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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