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Knorr N, Rosselli S, Nelles G. Electrostatic Surface Charging by Water Dewetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:14321-14333. [PMID: 38967322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Water dewetting generates static electricity. We reviewed historical experiments of this phenomenon, and we studied the charging of polymer slides and metal electrode supported polymer films withdrawn vertically from a pool of aqueous solutions. For pure water, charging was negative and surface charge densities increased with the speed of dewetting, which we explain by the thermally activated entrainment of nanometer-sized water droplets or clusters charged by unbalanced adsorbed electric double-layer ions. Surface charge densities increased for reduced polymer film thickness following a power law, which we explain by reduced discharge of the entrained water volumes. At low salinity c ≲ 10 μM, charging was proportional to electrokinetic interfacial charge densities: the negative charging was increased for alkaline solutions and for most salts at μM concentrations and the charge polarity was inversed to positive for a cationic surfactant, a salt with a highly positively charged cation, and for a strong acid at approximately pH 4. Charging was reduced again for c ≳ 100 μM, especially at high dewetting speeds and for chaotropic ions, which we explain by the entrainment of larger and more discharged droplets. We determined adsorption energies of the charged water clusters on the dewetted surface from thermally stimulated discharge of the charged polymer slides and we show that the surface charge distribution, imaged by charged toner powders and measured microscopically by Kelvin probe force microscopy, is a record of the dewetting process that provides spatial and kinetic information about the three-phase contact line motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Knorr
- Stuttgart Laboratory 2, Sony Europe B.V., Hedelfinger Strasse 61, Stuttgart D-70327, Germany
| | - Silvia Rosselli
- Stuttgart Laboratory 2, Sony Europe B.V., Hedelfinger Strasse 61, Stuttgart D-70327, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nelles
- Stuttgart Laboratory 2, Sony Europe B.V., Hedelfinger Strasse 61, Stuttgart D-70327, Germany
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2
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Demangeat JL. Water proton NMR relaxation revisited: Ultrahighly diluted aqueous solutions beyond Avogadro’s limit prepared by iterative centesimal dilution under shaking cannot be considered as pure solvent. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Kyzas GZ, Mitropoulos AC. From Bubbles to Nanobubbles. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102592. [PMID: 34685033 PMCID: PMC8540996 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanobubbles are classified into surface and bulk. The main difference between them is that the former is immobile, whereas the latter is mobile. The existence of sNBs has already been proven by atomic force microscopy, but the existence of bNBs is still open to discussion; there are strong indications, however, of its existence. The longevity of NBs is a long-standing problem. Theories as to the stability of sNBs reside on their immobile nature, whereas for bNBs, the landscape is not clear at the moment. In this preliminary communication, we explore the possibility of stabilizing a bNB by Brownian motion. It is shown that a fractal walk under specific conditions may leave the size of the bubble invariant.
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4
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Ninham B, Lo Nostro P. Unexpected Properties of Degassed Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:7872-7878. [PMID: 32790394 PMCID: PMC8010794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Theories of liquids and their simulation ignore any physical effects of dissolved atmospheric gas. Solubilities appear far too low to matter. Long-standing observations to the contrary, like cavitation, the salt dependence of bubble-bubble interactions, and the stability of degassed emulsions, continue to call that assumption into question, and these questions multiply. We herein explore more unexpected effects of dissolved gas that are inexplicable by classical theory. Electrical conductivities of different salts in water were measured as a function of concentration before and after degassing the liquid. The liquid/liquid phase separation of binary mixtures containing water, n-hexane, or perfluorooctane was significantly retarded after degassing. We anticipate that preliminary attempts at explaining these effect probably lie in self-organization of dissolved gas, like nanobubbles and cooperativity in gas molecular interactions. These are salt- and liquid-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry
W. Ninham
- Department
of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Pierandrea Lo Nostro
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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5
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Azadi M, Nguyen AV, Yakubov GE. The Effect of Dissolved Gases on the Short-Range Attractive Force between Hydrophobic Surfaces in the Absence of Nanobubble Bridging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9987-9992. [PMID: 32787046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The short-range attractive forces between hydrophobic surfaces are key factors in a wide range of areas such as protein folding, lipid self-assembly, and particle-bubble interaction such as in industrial flotation. Little is certain about the effect of dissolved (well-controlled) gases on the interaction forces, in particular in those systems where the formation of surface nanobubble bridges is suppressed. Here, we probe the short-range attractive force between hydrophobized silica surfaces in aqueous solutions with varying but well-controlled isotherms of gas solubility. The first contact approach force measurement method using AFM shows that decreasing gas solubility results in a decrease of the force magnitude as well as shortening of its range. The behavior was found to be consistent across all four aqueous systems and gas solubilities tested. Using numerical computations, we corroborate that attractive force can be adequately explained by a multilayer dispersion force model, which accounts for an interfacial gas enrichment (IGE), that results in the formation of a dense gas layer (DGL) adjacent to the hydrophobic surface. We found that the DGL on the hydrophobic surface is affected only by the concentration of dissolved gases and is independent of the salt type, used to control the gas solubility, which excludes the effect of electrical double-layer interactions on the hydrophobic force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azadi
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anh V Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gleb E Yakubov
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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6
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Zhang R, Mei RA, Botto L, Yang Z. Modified Voronoi Analysis of Spontaneous Formation of Interfacial Droplets on Immersed Oil-Solid Substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:5400-5407. [PMID: 32337992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleation and growth of liquid droplets on solid substrates have received much attention because of the significant relevance of these multiphase processes to both nature and practical applications. There have been extensive studies on the condensation of water from the air phase on solid substrates. Here, we focus on water diffusion through the oil phase and subsequent settlement on solid substrates because such interfacial droplets are formed. Voronoi diagram analysis is proposed to statistically characterize the size distribution of the growing droplets. It is found that modification of the standard Voronoi diagram is required for systems of interfacial droplets which have a noncircular shape and/or whose centers change with time. The modified Voronoi analysis of the growing droplets provides an automatic quantification of the droplet distribution and reveals that (i) during the nucleation stage, the interfacial droplets do not nucleate at the same time because the nucleation of newly formed droplets competes with the growth of the existing ones; (ii) the growth of interfacial droplets comes from water diffusion from the bulk water layer, and/or from adjacent interfacial droplets, and/or from coalescence of interfacial droplets; and (iii) the sizes of interfacial droplets become more polydispersed on P-glass but more monodispersed on OTS-glass as time goes. This work opens a new perspective on the formation of interfacial droplets at the interface between oil and the solid substrate and demonstrates the capability of an automatic analysis method, which can be potentially applied to similar interfacial multiphase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ran Andy Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lorenzo Botto
- Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, TU Delft, Delft 2628 CB, The Netherlands
| | - Zhongqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Zhou W, Niu J, Xiao W, Ou L. Adsorption of bulk nanobubbles on the chemically surface-modified muscovite minerals. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:31-39. [PMID: 30514483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bulk nanobubbles (NBs) that are produced in the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) process have been widely applied in mineral flotation for more than a decade, while how bulk NBs interact with minerals in the water-solid interface is still unclear. In this study, the adsorption behaviors of bulk NBs generated in the principle of HC on muscovite surfaces in the presence of dodecylamine (DDA) were investigated. The results show that NBs are likely coated with DDA in aqueous solutions. After attaching with muscovite, bulk NBs can adsorb on the mineral surfaces, probably following the three-contact line pinning theory. The adsorption of NBs increases the surface hydrophobicity of minerals, which can be inferred from the larger contact angles and the better flotation performances obtained in the presence of DDA/NBs. In addition, the adsorption of NBs is thought to be able to prevent the adsorption of DDA on the same space of the solid surfaces, which can be confirmed by the results of zeta potential measurements, contact angle measurements and AFM imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiaojiao Niu
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Leming Ou
- School of Minerals Processing & Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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8
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Min SH, Berkowitz ML. Bubbles in water under stretch-induced cavitation. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:054501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sa Hoon Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Max L. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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9
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Pan D, Zhao G, Lin Y, Shao X. Mesoscopic modelling of microbubble in liquid with finite density ratio of gas to liquid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1209/0295-5075/122/20003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Pan G, He G, Zhang M, Zhou Q, Tyliszczak T, Tai R, Guo J, Bi L, Wang L, Zhang H. Nanobubbles at Hydrophilic Particle-Water Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11133-11137. [PMID: 27180638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The puzzling persistence of nanobubbles breaks Laplace's law for bubbles, which is of great interest for promising applications in surface processing, H2 and CO2 storage, water treatment, and drug delivery. So far, nanobubbles have mostly been reported on hydrophobic planar substrates with atomic flatness. It remains a challenge to quantify nanobubbles on rough and irregular surfaces because of the lack of a characterization technique that can detect both the nanobubble morphology and chemical composition inside individual nanobubble-like objects. Here, by using synchrotron-based scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) with nanometer resolution, we discern nanoscopic gas bubbles of >25 nm with direct in situ proof of O2 inside the nanobubbles at a hydrophilic particle-water interface under ambient conditions. We find a stable cloud of O2 nanobubbles at the diatomite particle-water interface hours after oxygen aeration and temperature variation. The in situ technique may be useful for many surface nanobubble-related studies such as material preparation and property manipulation, phase equilibrium, nucleation kinetics, and relationships with chemical composition within the confined nanoscale space. The oxygen nanobubble clouds may be important in modifying particle-water interfaces and offering breakthrough technologies for oxygen delivery in sediment and/or deep water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University , Brackenhurst Campus, Southwell NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Guangzhi He
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Meiyi Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Renzhong Tai
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lei Bi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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11
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhong Y, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Sun CQ. Nanobubble Skin Supersolidity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:11321-11327. [PMID: 27491270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water nanobubbles manifest fascinatingly higher mechanical strength, higher thermal stability, and longer lifetime than macroscopic bubbles; thus, they provide an important impact in applications in the biomedical and chemical industries. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanism behind these mysteries of nanobubbles remains a challenge. Consistency between quantum computations and Raman spectrometric measurements confirmed our predictions that a nanobubble skin shares the same supersolidity with molecular clusters, skins of bulk water, and water droplets because of molecular undercoordination (fewer than four nearest molecular neighbors). Molecular undercoordination (coordination number Zcluster < Zsurface < Zbubble < Zbulk = 4) shortens/extends the H-O/O:H bond and stiffens/softens its corresponding stretching phonons, whose frequency shift is proportional to the square root of the cohesive energy and inversely proportional to the segmental length. The strongly polarized O:H-O bond slows the molecular dynamics and increases the viscosity. The freezing temperature is lowered by the softened O:H bond, and the melting temperature is enhanced by the stiffened H-O bond. Therefore, the supersolid skin makes the nanobubbles thermally more stable, less dense, and stiffer and slows the dynamics of their molecular motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Coordination Bond Metrology and Engineering, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technology (MOE) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technology (MOE) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yongli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Application Technology (MOE) and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Chang Q Sun
- NOVITAS, School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
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12
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Gutfreund P, Maccarini M, Dennison AJC, Wolff M. The Search for Nanobubbles by Using Specular and Off-Specular Neutron Reflectometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9091-9096. [PMID: 27516185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We apply specular and off-specular neutron reflection at the hydrophobic silicon/water interface to check for evidence of nanoscopic air bubbles whose presence is claimed after an ad hoc procedure of solvent exchange. Nanobubbles and/or a depletion layer at the hydrophobic/water interface have long been discussed and generated a plethora of controversial scientific results. By combining neutron reflectometry (NR), off-specular reflectometry (OSS), and grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering (GISANS), we studied the interface between hydrophobized silicon and heavy water before and after saturation with nitrogen gas. Our specular reflectometry results can be interpreted by assuming a submolecular sized depletion layer and the off-specular measurements show no change with nitrogen super saturated water. This picture is consistent with the assumption that, following the solvent exchange, no additional nanobubbles are introduced at significant concentrations (if present at all). Furthermore, we discuss the results in terms of the maximum surface coverage of nanobubbles that could be present on the hydrophobic surface compatibly with the sensitivity limit of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Maccarini
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 38000 Grenoble, France
- TIMC-IMAG, Université Joseph Fourier , 38706 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew J C Dennison
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield , S102TN Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Max Wolff
- Materials Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Uchida T, Liu S, Enari M, Oshita S, Yamazaki K, Gohara K. Effect of NaCl on the Lifetime of Micro- and Nanobubbles. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6020031. [PMID: 28344288 PMCID: PMC5302484 DOI: 10.3390/nano6020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nanobubbles (MNBs) are potentially useful for industrial applications such as the purification of wastewater and the promotion of physiological activities of living organisms. To develop such applications, we should understand their properties and behavior, such as their lifetime and their number density in solution. In the present study, we observed oxygen MNBs distributed in an electrolyte (NaCl) solution using a transmission electron microscope to analyze samples made with the freeze-fracture replica method. We found that MNBs in a 100 mM NaCl solution remain for at least 1 week, but at higher concentrations decay more quickly. To better understand their lifetimes, we compared measurements of the solution's dissolved oxygen concentration and the ζ-potential of the MNBs. Our detailed observations of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images allows us to conclude that low concentrations of NaCl stabilize MNBs due to the ion shielding effect. However, higher concentrations accelerate their disappearance by reducing the repulsive force between MNBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Uchida
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Shu Liu
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Enari
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Seiichi Oshita
- Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Kenji Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Gohara
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13 W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
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14
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Adhikari U, Goliaei A, Berkowitz ML. Nanobubbles, cavitation, shock waves and traumatic brain injury. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32638-32652. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Shock wave induced cavitation denaturates blood–brain barrier tight junction proteins; this may result in various neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Ardeshir Goliaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Program in Molecular and Cellular Biophysics
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Max L. Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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15
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Peng H, Birkett GR, Nguyen AV. Progress on the Surface Nanobubble Story: What is in the bubble? Why does it exist? Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 222:573-80. [PMID: 25267688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interfaces between aqueous solutions and hydrophobic solid surfaces are important in various areas of science and technology. Many researchers have found that forces between hydrophobic surfaces in aqueous solution are significantly different from the classical DLVO theory. Long-range attractive forces (non-DLVO forces) are thought to be affected by nanoscopic gaseous domains at the interfaces. This is a review of the latest research on nanobubbles at hydrophobic surfaces from experimental and simulation studies. The review focusses on non-intrusive optical view of surface nanobubbles and gas enrichment on solid surfaces by imaging and force mapping. By use of these recent experimental data in conjunction with molecular simulation work, all major theories on surface nanobubble formation and stability are critically reviewed. Even though the current body of research cannot comprehensively explain all properties of surface nanobubbles observed, the fundamental understanding has been significantly improved. Line tension has been shown to be incapable of explaining the contact angle of nanobubbles. Dense gas layer theory provides a new explanation on both large contact angle and long-time stability. The high density of gas in these domains may significantly affect the gas-water interface which is in line with some observation made on bulk nanobubbles. Along this line of inquiry, experimental and simulation effort should be focussed on measuring the density within surface nanobubbles and the properties of the gas water interface which may be the key to explaining the stability of these nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Greg R Birkett
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anh V Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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16
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Rangharajan KK, Kwak KJ, Conlisk AT, Wu Y, Prakash S. Effect of surface modification on interfacial nanobubble morphology and contact line tension. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5214-5223. [PMID: 26041331 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00583c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Past research has confirmed the existence of surface nanobubbles on various hydrophobic substrates (static contact angle >90°) when imaged in air-equilibrated water. Additionally, the use of solvent exchange techniques (based on the difference in saturation levels of air in various solvents) also introduced surface nanobubbles on hydrophilic substrates (static contact angle <90°). In this work, tapping mode atomic force microscopy was used to image interfacial nanobubbles formed on bulk polycarbonate (static contact angle of 81.1°), bromo-terminated silica (BTS; static contact angle of 85.5°), and fluoro-terminated silica (FTS; static contact angle of 105.3°) surfaces when immersed in air-equilibrated water without solvent exchange. Nanobubbles formed on the above three substrates were characterized on the basis of Laplace pressure, bubble density, and contact line tension. Results reported here show that (1) the Laplace pressures of all nanobubbles formed on both BTS and polycarbonate were an order of magnitude higher than those of FTS, (2) the nanobubble number density per unit area decreased with an increase in substrate contact angle, and (3) the contact line tension of the nanobubbles was calculated to be positive for both BTS and polycarbonate (lateral radius, Rs < 50 nm for all nanobubbles), and negative for FTS (Rs > 50 nm for all nanobubbles). The nanobubble morphology and distribution before and after using the solvent exchange method (ethanol-water), on the bulk polycarbonate substrate was also characterized. Analysis for these polycarbonate surface nanobubbles showed that both the Laplace pressure and nanobubble density reduced by ≈98% after ethanol-water exchange, accompanied by a flip in the magnitude of contact line tension from positive (0.19 nN) to negative (-0.11 nN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik K Rangharajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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17
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Mitropoulos AC, Stefanopoulos KL, Favvas EP, Vansant E, Hankins NP. On the Formation of Nanobubbles in Vycor Porous Glass during the Desorption of Halogenated Hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10943. [PMID: 26047466 PMCID: PMC4650640 DOI: 10.1038/srep10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vycor porous glass has long served as a model mesoporous material. During the physical adsorption of halogenated hydrocarbon vapours, such as dibromomethane, the adsorption isotherm exhibits an hysteresis loop; a gradual ascent is observed at higher pressures during adsorption, and a sharp drop is observed at lower pressures during desorption. For fully wetting fluids, an early hypothesis attributed the hysteresis to mechanistic differences between capillary condensation (adsorption) and evaporation (desorption) processes occurring in the wide bodies and narrow necks, respectively, of ‘ink-bottle’ pores. This was later recognized as oversimplified when the role of network percolation was included. For the first time, we present in-situ small angle x-ray scattering measurements on the hysteresis effect which indicate nanobubble formation during desorption, and support an extended picture of network percolation. The desorption pattern can indeed result from network percolation; but this can sometimes be initiated by a local cavitation process without pore blocking, which is preceded by the temporary, heterogeneous formation of nanobubbles involving a change in wetting states. The capacity of the system to sustain such metastable states is governed by the steepness of the desorption boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Mitropoulos
- Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Hephaestus Lab, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, Kavala, St. Lucas 65404, Greece
| | - K L Stefanopoulos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 153 41, Attica, Greece
| | - E P Favvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 153 41, Attica, Greece
| | - E Vansant
- 1] Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Hephaestus Lab, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, Kavala, St. Lucas 65404, Greece [2] Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - N P Hankins
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
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18
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Seneff S, Davidson RM, Lauritzen A, Samsel A, Wainwright G. A novel hypothesis for atherosclerosis as a cholesterol sulfate deficiency syndrome. Theor Biol Med Model 2015; 12:9. [PMID: 26014131 PMCID: PMC4456713 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-015-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a vast literature, atherosclerosis and the associated ischemia/reperfusion injuries remain today in many ways a mystery. Why do atheromatous plaques make and store a supply of cholesterol and sulfate within the major arteries supplying the heart? Why are treatment programs aimed to suppress certain myocardial infarction risk factors, such as elevated serum homocysteine and inflammation, generally counterproductive? METHODS Our methods are based on an extensive search of the literature in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as well as in the area of the unique properties of water, the role of biosulfates in the vascular wall, and the role of electromagnetic fields in vascular flow. Our investigation reveals a novel pathology linked to atherosclerosis that better explains the observed facts than the currently held popular view. RESULTS We propose a novel theory that atherosclerosis can best be explained as being due to cholesterol sulfate deficiency. Furthermore, atheromatous plaques replenish the supply of cholesterol and sulfate to the microvasculature, by exploiting the inflammatory agent superoxide to derive sulfate from homocysteine and other sulfur sources. We argue that the sulfate anions attached to the glycosaminoglycans in the glycocalyx are essential in maintaining the structured water that is crucial for vascular endothelial health and erythrocyte mobility through capillaries. Sulfate depletion leads to cholesterol accumulation in atheromas, because its transport through water-based media depends on sulfurylation. We show that streaming potential induces nitric oxide (NO) release, and NO derivatives break down the extracellular matrix, redistributing sulfate to the microvasculature. We argue that low (less negative) zeta potential due to insufficient sulfate anions leads to hypertension and thrombosis, because these responses can increase streaming potential and induce nitric-oxide mediated vascular relaxation, promoting oxygen delivery. Our hypothesis is a parsimonious explanation of multiple features of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS If our interpretation is correct, then it would have a significant impact on how atherosclerosis is treated. We recommend a high intake of sulfur-containing foods as well as an avoidance of exposure to toxicants that may impair sulfate synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Seneff
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Robert M Davidson
- Internal Medicine Group Practice, PhyNet, Inc, 4002 Technology Center, Longview, TX, 75605, USA.
| | | | - Anthony Samsel
- Research Scientist and Consultant, Deerfield, NH, 03037, USA.
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19
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Demangeat JL. Gas nanobubbles and aqueous nanostructures: the crucial role of dynamization. HOMEOPATHY 2015; 104:101-15. [PMID: 25869975 DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanobubbles (NBs) have been a subject of intensive research over the past decade. Their peculiar characteristics, including extremely low buoyancy, longevity, enhanced solubility of oxygen in water, zeta potentials and burst during collapse, have led to many applications in the industrial, biological and medical fields. NBs may form spontaneously from dissolved gas but the process is greatly enhanced by gas supersaturation and mechanical actions such as dynamization. Therefore, the formation of NBs during the preparation of homeopathic dilutions under atmospheric pressure cannot be ignored. I suggested in 2009 the involvement of NBs in nanometric superstructures revealed in high dilutions using NMR relaxation. These superstructures seemed to increase in size with dilution, well into the ultramolecular range (>12c). I report here new experiments that confirm the involvement of NBs and prove the crucial role of dynamization to create superstructures specific to the solute. A second dynamization was shown to enhance or regenerate these superstructures. I postulate that superstructures result from a nucleation process of NBs around the solute, with shells of highly organized water (with ions and silicates if any) which protect the solute against out-diffusion and behave as nucleation centres for further dilution steps. The sampling tip may play an active role by catching the superstructures and thus carry the encaged solute across the dilution range, possibly up to the ultramolecular range. The superstructures were not observed at low dilution, probably because of a destructuring of the solvent by the solute and/or of an inadequate gas/solute ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Demangeat
- Nuclear Medicine Department, General Hospital, PO Box 40252, F-67504 Haguenau Cedex, France.
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20
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Dobberschütz S, Rimmen M, Hassenkam T, Andersson MP, Stipp SLS. Specific ion effects on the hydrophobic interaction of benzene self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01803j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ions, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, decrease the hydrophobic attraction (in this order) between benzene-terminated self assembled monolayers by affecting the creation of bridging capillaries and by charging the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Dobberschütz
- Nano-Science Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - M. Rimmen
- Nano-Science Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - T. Hassenkam
- Nano-Science Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - M. P. Andersson
- Nano-Science Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - S. L. S. Stipp
- Nano-Science Center
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
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21
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Walczyk W, Schönherr H. Dimensions and the profile of surface nanobubbles: tip-nanobubble interactions and nanobubble deformation in atomic force microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11955-11965. [PMID: 25222759 DOI: 10.1021/la502918u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between argon surface nanobubbles and AFM tips on HOPG (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite) in water and the concomitant nanobubble deformation were analyzed as a function of position on the nanobubbles in a combined tapping mode and force-volume mode AFM study with hydrophilic and hydrophobic AFM tips. On the basis of the detailed analysis of force-distance curves acquired on the bubbles, we found that for hydrophobic tips the bubble interface may jump toward the tip and that the tip-bubble interaction strength and the magnitude of the bubble deformation were functions of vertical and horizontal position of the tip on the bubble and depended on the bubble size and tip size and functionality. The spatial variation is attributed to long-range attractive forces originating from the substrate under the bubbles, which dominate the interaction at the bubble rim. The nonuniform bubble deformation leads to a nonuniform underestimation of the bubble height, width, and contact angle in conventional AFM height data. In particular, scanning with a hydrophobic tip resulted in severe bubble deformation and distorted information in the AFM height image. For a typical nanobubble, the upward deformation may extend up to tens of nanometers above the unperturbed bubble height, and the lateral deformation may constitute 20% of the bubble width. Therefore, only scanning with a hydrophilic tip and no direct contact between the tip and the bubble may reduce nanobubble deformation and provide reliable AFM images that can be used to estimate adequately the unperturbed nanobubble dimensions. The deformation of the bubble shape and underestimation of the bubble size lead to the conclusion that the profile of surface nanobubbles is much closer than previously thought to a nearly flat bubble profile and hence that the Laplace pressure is much closer to the atmospheric pressure. Together with line pinning, this may explain the long nanobubble lifetimes observed previously. The findings presented in this report hold independently of the material that constitutes the interrogated nanoscale surface features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Walczyk
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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22
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Grosfils P. Coarse-grained modelling of surface nanobubbles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:184006. [PMID: 23598798 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/18/184006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface nanobubbles are nanoscale gaseous objects that form on hydrophobic surfaces in contact with water. Understanding nanobubble formation and stability remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate theoretical framework and adequate modelling. Here we present a non-equilibrium coarse-grained model for nanobubbles at hydrophobic surfaces. The model is based on a lattice-gas model that has been proposed to understand the hydrophobic effect to which dynamical properties are added. The results presented demonstrate the ability of the model to reproduce the basic features of stable surface nanobubbles, which, thereby, supports the dynamical origin of these objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Grosfils
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050-Bruxelles, Belgium
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23
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Zhang L, Zhao B, Xue L, Guo Z, Dong Y, Fang H, Tai R, Hu J. Imaging interfacial micro- and nano-bubbles by scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:413-8. [PMID: 23592619 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513003671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy (STXM) with nanometer resolution was used to investigate the existence and behavior of interfacial gas nanobubbles confined between two silicon nitride windows. The observed nanobubbles of SF6 and Ne with diameters smaller than 2.5 µm were quite stable. However, larger bubbles became unstable and grew during the soft X-ray imaging, indicating that stable nanobubbles may have a length scale, which is consistent with a previous report using atomic force microscopy [Zhang et al. (2010), Soft Matter, 6, 4515-4519]. Here, it is shown that STXM is a promising technique for studying the aggregation of gases near the solid/water interfaces at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Effects of nanobubbles on the physicochemical properties of water: The basis for peculiar properties of water containing nanobubbles. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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25
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Mahmoudi M, Monopoli MP, Rezaei M, Lynch I, Bertoli F, McManus JJ, Dawson KA. The protein corona mediates the impact of nanomaterials and slows amyloid beta fibrillation. Chembiochem 2013; 14:568-72. [PMID: 23420562 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Put your coat on: It is well recognized that the surfaces of nanomaterials in biological media are covered by various biomolecules (e.g., proteins). A) The protein corona creates a shell over different nanomaterials, regardless of their physicochemical properties (e.g., composition and shape), resulting in reduced levels of amyloid beta fibril formation. B) Pristine nanomaterials might have acceleratory effects on the fibrillation of amyloid beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Engelab Street, 14155-6451 Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Zhang M, Zuo G, Chen J, Gao Y, Fang H. Aggregated gas molecules: toxic to protein? Sci Rep 2013; 3:1660. [PMID: 23588597 PMCID: PMC3627187 DOI: 10.1038/srep01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological toxicity of high levels of breathing gases has been known for centuries, but the mechanism remains elusive. Earlier work mainly focused on the influences of dispersed gas molecules dissolved in water on biomolecules. However, recent studies confirmed the existence of aggregated gas molecules at the water-solid interface. In this paper, we have investigated the binding preference of aggregated gas molecules on proteins with molecular dynamics simulations, using nitrogen (N₂) gas and the Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain as the model system. Aggregated N₂ molecules were strongly bound by the active sites of the SH3 domain, which could impair the activity of the protein. In contrast, dispersed N₂ molecules did not specifically interact with the SH3 domain. These observations extend our understanding of the possible toxicity of aggregates of gas molecules in the function of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesP.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghong Zuo
- Division of Interfacial Water and Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesP.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jixiu Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University - Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesP.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haiping Fang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Laboratory of Physical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesP.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, China
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