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Gordon LW, Wang J, Messinger RJ. Revealing impacts of electrolyte speciation on ionic charge storage in aluminum-quinone batteries by NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2023; 348:107374. [PMID: 36706465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2023.107374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable aluminum-organic batteries are composed of earth-abundant, sustainable electrode materials while the molecular structures of the organic molecules can be controlled to tune their electrochemical properties. Aluminum metal batteries typically use electrolytes based on chloroaluminate ionic liquids or deep eutectic solvents that are comprised of polyatomic aluminum-containing species. Quinone-based organic electrodes store charge when chloroaluminous cations (AlCl2+) charge compensate their electrochemically reduced carbonyl groups, even when such cations are not natively present in the electrolyte. However, how ion speciation in the electrolyte affects the ion charge storage mechanism, and resultant battery performance, is not well understood. Here, we couple solid-state NMR spectroscopy with electrochemical and computational methods to show for the first time that electrolyte-dependent ion speciation significantly alters the molecular-level environments of the charge-compensating cations, which in turn influences battery properties. Using 1,5-dichloroanthraquinone (DCQ) for the first time as an organic electrode material, we utilize solid-state dipolar-mediated and multiple-quantum NMR experiments to elucidate distinct aluminum coordination environments upon discharge that depend significantly on electrolyte speciation. We relate DFT-calculated NMR parameters to experimentally determined quantities, revealing insights into their origins. The results establish that electrolyte ion speciation impacts the local environments of charge-compensating chloroaluminous cations and is a crucial design parameter for rechargeable aluminum-quinone batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo W Gordon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Jonah Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Robert J Messinger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY 10031, USA.
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2
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Khan SB, Lee SL. Supramolecular Chemistry: Host-Guest Molecular Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:3995. [PMID: 34208882 PMCID: PMC8271753 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have emphasized practical approaches for capturing coordinated and selective guest entrap. The physisorbed nanoporous supramolecular complexes have been widely used to restrain various guest species on compact supporting surfaces. The host-guest (HG) interactions in two-dimensional (2D) permeable porous linkages are growing expeditiously due to their future applications in biocatalysis, separation technology, or nanoscale patterning. The different crystal-like nanoporous network has been acquired to enclose and trap guest molecules of various dimensions and contours. The host centers have been lumped together via noncovalent interactions (such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals (vdW) interactions, or coordinate bonds). In this review article, we enlighten and elucidate recent progress in HG chemistry, explored via scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We summarize the synthesis, design, and characterization of typical HG structural design examined on various substrates, under ambient surroundings at the liquid-solid (LS) interface, or during ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). We emphasize isoreticular complexes, vibrant HG coordination, or hosts functional cavities responsive to the applied stimulus. Finally, we critically discuss the significant challenges in advancing this developing electrochemical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shern-Long Lee
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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3
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Lawrence J, Sosso GC, Đorđević L, Pinfold H, Bonifazi D, Costantini G. Combining high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles simulations to identify halogen bonding. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2103. [PMID: 32355173 PMCID: PMC7192931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) is commonly used to identify on-surface molecular self-assembled structures. However, its limited ability to reveal only the overall shape of molecules and their relative positions is not always enough to fully solve a supramolecular structure. Here, we analyse the assembly of a brominated polycyclic aromatic molecule on Au(111) and demonstrate that standard STM measurements cannot conclusively establish the nature of the intermolecular interactions. By performing high-resolution STM with a CO-functionalised tip, we clearly identify the location of rings and halogen atoms, determining that halogen bonding governs the assemblies. This is supported by density functional theory calculations that predict a stronger interaction energy for halogen rather than hydrogen bonding and by an electron density topology analysis that identifies characteristic features of halogen bonding. A similar approach should be able to solve many complex 2D supramolecular structures, and we predict its increasing use in molecular nanoscience at surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Luka Đorđević
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Harry Pinfold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place Main Building, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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4
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Teyssandier J, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Halogen Bonding in Two-Dimensional Crystal Engineering. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:225-241. [PMID: 32071832 PMCID: PMC7011184 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogen bonds, which provide an intermolecular interaction with moderate strength and high directionality, have emerged as a promising tool in the repertoire of non-covalent interactions. In this review, we provide a survey of the literature where halogen bonding was used for the fabrication of supramolecular networks on solid surfaces. The definitions of, and the distinction between halogen bonding and halogen-halogen interactions are provided. Self-assembled networks formed at the solution/solid interface and at the vacuum-solid interface, stabilized in part by halogen bonding, are discussed. Besides the broad classification based on the interface at which the systems are studied, the systems are categorized further as those sustained by halogen-halogen and halogen-heteroatom contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Teyssandier
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU Leuven-University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Kunal S. Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU Leuven-University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics Department of ChemistryKU Leuven-University of LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001LeuvenBelgium
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5
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Zha B, Li J, Wu J, Miao X, Zhang M. Cooperation and competition of hydrogen and halogen bonds in 2D self-assembled nanostructures based on bromine substituted coumarins. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04726c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three coumarin derivatives (Co16, 6-Br-Co16 and 6,8-Br-Co16) with ester, ether, and carbonyl groups and different numbers of bromine substituents on the coumarin cores were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zha
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering
- Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd
| | - Jinxing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Juntian Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering
- Peking University
- Shenzhen 518055
- People's Republic of China
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Shu CH, Xie YL, Wang A, Shi KJ, Zhang WF, Li DY, Liu PN. On-surface reactions of aryl chloride and porphyrin macrocycles via merging two reactive sites into a single precursor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12626-12629. [PMID: 30351327 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07652a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of aryl chloride and porphyrin macrocycles, which are merged into a single precursor, has been achieved on Cu(111). Scanning tunneling microscopy analysis of the oligomer products showed that the adjacent porphyrin moieties linked mainly by the phenyl group with the porphyrin macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yu-Li Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - An Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ke-Ji Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Wei-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Deng-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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7
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Shu CH, Zhang SZ, Wang CX, Chen JL, He Y, Shi KJ, Liu PN. Diverse supramolecular structures self-assembled by a simple aryl chloride on Ag(111) and Cu(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13670-13673. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08673g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diverse self-assembled structures were obtained on Cu(111) and Ag(111) surfaces by using a simple and small 4,4′′-dichloro-1,1′:4′,1′′-terphenyl molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Shu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Shao-Ze Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jian-Le Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ke-Ji Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
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8
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Wu Y, Li J, Yuan Y, Dong M, Zha B, Miao X, Hu Y, Deng W. Halogen bonding versus hydrogen bonding induced 2D self-assembled nanostructures at the liquid-solid interface revealed by STM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3143-3150. [PMID: 28083588 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08054e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We design a bifunctional molecule (5-bromo-2-hexadecyloxy-benzoic acid, 5-BHBA) with a bromine atom and a carboxyl group and its two-dimensional self-assembly is experimentally and theoretically investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The supramolecular self-organization of 5-BHBA in two different solvents (1-octanoic acid and n-hexadecane) at the liquid-solid interface at different solution concentrations is obviously different due to the cooperative and competitive intermolecular halogen and hydrogen bonds. Three kinds of nanoarchitectures composed of dimers, trimers and tetramers are formed at the 1-octanoic acid/graphite interface based on -COOHHOOC-, triangular C[double bond, length as m-dash]OBrH-C, -BrO(H), BrBr, and OH interactions. Furthermore, by using n-hexadecane as the solvent, two kinds of self-assembled linear patterns can be observed due to the coadsorption, in which the dimers are formed by intermolecular -COOHHOOC- hydrogen bonds. The molecule-solvent and solvent-solvent van der Waals force and intermolecular hydrogen bonds dominate the formation of coadsorbed patterns. We propose that the cooperative and competitive halogen and hydrogen bonds are related to the polarity of the solvent and the type of molecule-solvent interaction. The intermolecular binding energy of different dimers and their stability are supported by theoretical calculations. The result provides a new and innovative insight to induce the 2D self-assembled nanostructures by halogen and hydrogen bonds at the liquid-solid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yican Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxing Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yinlun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Meiqiu Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Bao Zha
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Xinrui Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Wenli Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
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9
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Zheng YZ, Deng G, Zhou Y, Sun HY, Yu ZW. Comparative study of halogen- and hydrogen-bond interactions between benzene derivatives and dimethyl sulfoxide. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2594-601. [PMID: 26118800 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The halogen bond, similar to the hydrogen bond, is an important noncovalent interaction and plays important roles in diverse chemistry-related fields. Herein, bromine- and iodine-based halogen-bonding interactions between two benzene derivatives (C6 F5 Br and C6 F5 I) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are investigated by using IR and NMR spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The results are compared with those of interactions between C6 F5 Cl/C6 F5 H and DMSO. First, the interaction energy of the hydrogen bond is stronger than those of bromine- and chlorine-based halogen bonds, but weaker than iodine-based halogen bond. Second, attractive energies depend on 1/r(n) , in which n is between three and four for both hydrogen and halogen bonds, whereas all repulsive energies are found to depend on 1/r(8.5) . Third, the directionality of halogen bonds is greater than that of the hydrogen bond. The bromine- and iodine-based halogen bonds are strict in this regard and the chlorine-based halogen bond only slightly deviates from 180°. The directional order is iodine-based halogen bond>bromine-based halogen bond>chlorine-based halogen bond>hydrogen bond. Fourth, upon the formation of hydrogen and halogen bonds, charge transfers from DMSO to the hydrogen- and halogen-bond donors. The CH3 group contributes positively to stabilization of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zhen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Geng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Hai-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China)
| | - Zhi-Wu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (P.R. China).
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Kawai S, Sadeghi A, Xu F, Peng L, Orita A, Otera J, Goedecker S, Meyer E. Extended halogen bonding between fully fluorinated aromatic molecules. ACS NANO 2015; 9:2574-2583. [PMID: 25716456 DOI: 10.1021/nn505876n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Halogen bonding is a noncovalent interaction where an electrophilic cap on a halogen atom, the so-called σ-hole, attracts a nucleophilic site on an adjacent molecule. The polarizability of halogens relates to the strength of the σ-hole, and accordingly the halogen-halogen distance becomes shorter in the order of Cl, Br, and I. Fully fluoro-substituted aromatic molecules, on the contrary, are generally believed not to form halogen bonds due to the absence of a σ-hole. Here, we study atomic-scale in-plane F-F contacts with high-resolution force microscopy. Our ab initio calculations show that the attractive dispersion forces can overcome the electrostatic repulsion between the fluorine atoms, while the anisotropic distribution of the negative electrostatic potential leads the directional bond and even changes the gap. The coexistence of these two competing forces results in the formation of a "windmill" structure, containing three C-F···F bonds among neighboring molecules. While the σ-hole is absent, the scheme of the C-F···F bonding has a high similarity to halogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Kawai
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- ‡PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- §Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 19839 Tehran, Iran
| | - Feng Xu
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Lifen Peng
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Akihiro Orita
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Junzo Otera
- ⊥Department of Applied Chemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- †Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Zha B, Miao X, Liu P, Wu Y, Deng W. Concentration dependent halogen-bond density in the 2D self-assembly of a thienophenanthrene derivative at the aliphatic acid/graphite interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9003-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03687e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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