1
|
López-Duarte I, Kawata T, Urbani M, Dreano M, Kimura M, Martínez-Díaz MV, Torres T. Exploring the Role of Central Metals in Bulky Phthalocyanines for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400468. [PMID: 38683640 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Two series of metallo-(Zn(II), Mg(II), and Ru(II)) and free-base phthalocyanines (Pcs) with a carboxyl anchoring group and well-established bulky peripheral substituents (either tert-butyl or bulky 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy) were synthesized and tested as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The trend of photovoltaic efficiencies (PCEs) for free-base and metallo Pcs followed the order Zn(II)Pc>Mg(II)Pc≫H2Pc ≈ Ru(II)Pc regardless of the peripheral substitution. Higher efficiencies (4.95 versus 3.63 for the Zn(II) derivatives) were achieved with Pcs bearing the bulkier 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy group, indicating a lower aggregation and more suitable HOMO-LUMO levels. Furthermore, these derivatives showed a morelevant influence of the metal on the PCE values (from the highest 4.95 for the Zn(II)Pc to the lowest 0.23 for the Ru(II)Pc. In both series, the best PCEs observed with the Zn(II) derivatives were mainly due to their highest Jsc values. The lowest efficiencies found for the free-bases and Ru(II) derivatives were attributed to a mismatch between their LUMO levels and the conduction band of the TiO2,and lower light-harvesting capabilities, respectively. In conclusion, Zn(II) derivatives are still the best Pc candidates to use as sensitizers in molecular photovoltaics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael López-Duarte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takahiro Kawata
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Maxence Urbani
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Melanie Dreano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, 386-8567, Japan
| | - M Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nikoloudakis E, López-Duarte I, Charalambidis G, Ladomenou K, Ince M, Coutsolelos AG. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as biomimetic tools for photocatalytic H 2 production and CO 2 reduction. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6965-7045. [PMID: 35686606 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing energy demand and environmental issues caused by the over-exploitation of fossil fuels render the need for renewable, clean, and environmentally benign energy sources unquestionably urgent. The zero-emission energy carrier, H2 is an ideal alternative to carbon-based fuels especially when it is generated photocatalytically from water. Additionally, the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into chemical fuels can reduce the CO2 emissions and have a positive environmental and economic impact. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, plenty of artificial photocatalytic schemes based on porphyrinoids have been investigated. This review covers the recent advances in photocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction systems containing porphyrin or phthalocyanine derivatives. The unique properties of porphyrinoids enable their utilization both as chromophores and as catalysts. The homogeneous photocatalytic systems are initially described, presenting the various approaches for the improvement of photosensitizing activity and the enhancement of catalytic performance at the molecular level. On the other hand, for the development of the heterogeneous systems, numerous methods were employed such as self-assembled supramolecular porphyrinoid nanostructures, construction of organic frameworks, combination with 2D materials and adsorption onto semiconductors. The dye sensitization on semiconductors opened the way for molecular-based dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) devices based on porphyrins and phthalocyanines. The research in photocatalytic systems as discussed herein remains challenging since there are still many limitations making them unfeasible to be used at a large scale application before finding a large-scale application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ismael López-Duarte
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- International Hellenic University, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Agios Loucas, 65404, Kavala Campus, Greece.
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- University of Crete, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tejerina L, Yamamoto S, López‐Duarte I, Martínez‐Díaz MV, Kimura M, Torres T. Meso
‐Substituted Tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tejerina
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco ES-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Center for Intelligent Materials and SystemsDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Washington Box 353600 Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Ismael López‐Duarte
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco ES-28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Mutsumi Kimura
- Division of Chemistry and MaterialsFaculty of Textile Science and TechnologyShinshu University Ueda 386-8567 Japan
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco ES-28049 Madrid Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia c/Faraday, 9 Cantoblanco, ES 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghazal B, Azizi K, Ewies EF, Youssef ASA, Mwalukuku VM, Demadrille R, Torres T, Makhseed S. Push-Pull Zinc Phthalocyanine Bearing Hexa-Tertiary Substituted Carbazolyl Donor Groups for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071692. [PMID: 32272726 PMCID: PMC7254496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An asymmetrical, push–pull phthalocyanine bearing bulky tert-butylcarbazolyl moieties as electron donor and carboxylic acid as anchoring group was synthetized and tested as a photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The new photosensitizer was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV–Vis and mass spectrometry. The bulky tert-butylcarbazolyl moieties avoid the aggregation of the phthalocyanine dye. DFT studies indicate that the HOMO is delocalized throughout the π-electron system of the substituted phthalocyanine and the LUMO is located on the core of the molecule with a sizable electron density distribution on carboxyl groups. The new dye has been used as a photosensitizer in transparent and opaque dye-sensitized solar cells, which exhibit poor efficiencies related to a low Jsc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basma Ghazal
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Kobra Azizi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ewies F. Ewies
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed S. A. Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, P.O. 11566, Cairo, Egypt;
| | | | - Renaud Demadrille
- CEA-Univ. Grenoble Alpes-CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France;
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (T.T.); (S.M.); Tel.: +965-66999008 (S.M.)
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (T.T.); (S.M.); Tel.: +965-66999008 (S.M.)
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait;
- Correspondence: (R.D.); (T.T.); (S.M.); Tel.: +965-66999008 (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zinc phthalocyanines as light harvesters for SnO 2-based solar cells: a case study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1176. [PMID: 31980734 PMCID: PMC6981253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized and used as electron transport material (ETM) in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), featuring two peripherally substituted push-pull zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) bearing electron donating diphenylamine substituents and carboxylic acid anchoring groups as light harvesters. These complexes were designed on the base of previous computational studies suggesting that the integration of secondary amines as donor groups in the structure of unsymmetrical ZnPcs might enhance photovoltaics performances of DSSCs. In the case of TiO2-based devices, this hypothesis has been recently questioned by experimental results. Herein we show that the same holds for SnO2, despite the optimal matching of the optoelectronic characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles and diphenylamino-substituted ZnPcs, thus confirming that other parameters heavily affect the solar cells performances and should be carefully taken into account when designing materials for photovoltaic applications.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ömeroğlu İ, Şenocak A, Yetkin H, Güney HY, Demirbaş E, Durmuş M. BODIPY substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine and its bulk heterojunction application in solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine-BODIPY conjugate (ZnPc-BODIPY) bearing three iodine groups directly substituted to the macrocycle and one BODIPY connected to the macrocycle with an amide bond was synthesized by the reaction of carboxylic-acid-substituted asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with the BODIPY-derivative-bearing amino group (BODIPY-NH2). This conjugate was fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 19F NMR and mass) and elemental analysis. The fluorescence behavior of ZnPc-BODIPY was studied to determine the energy transfer process. Voltammetry measurements (CV and SWV) were performed to specify the HOMO–LUMO energy levels and band gaps of ZnPc-BODIPY and starting compounds (ZnPc and BODIPY-NH2) for comparison. In addition, the band gaps of these compounds were also determined by UV-vis absorption onset (λonset) and theoretical calculations. Bulk heterojunction solar cells containing ZnPc-BODIPY were fabricated in the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ZnPc-BODIPY:PCBM/Al. The photovoltaic parameters of the solar cell were obtained and the ZnPc-BODIPY conjugate was found to bring spectral contribution to IPCE at a peak of 510 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İpek Ömeroğlu
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şenocak
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hazel Yetkin
- Kocaeli University, Department of Physics, Izmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - H. Yüksel Güney
- Kocaeli University, Department of Physics, Izmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erhan Demirbaş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Urbani M, de la Torre G, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Phthalocyanines and porphyrinoid analogues as hole- and electron-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2738-2766. [PMID: 31033978 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00059c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite absorbers in combination with electron and hole transporting selective contacts result in power conversion efficiencies of over 23% under AM 1.5 sun conditions. The advantage of perovskite solar cells is their simple fabrication through solution-processing methods either in n-i-p or p-i-n configurations. Using TiO2 or SnO2 as an electron transporting layer, a compositionally engineered perovskite as an absorber layer, and Spiro-OMeTAD as a HTM, several groups have reported over 20% efficiency. Though perovskite solar cells reached comparable efficiency to that of crystalline silicon ones, their stability remains a bottleneck for commercialization partly due to the use of doped Spiro-OMeTAD. Several organic and inorganic hole transporting materials have been explored to increase the stability and power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. IIn this review, we analyse the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells incorporating phthalocyanine and porphyrin macrocycles as hole- and electron transporting materials. The π-π stacking orientation of these macrocycles on the perovskite surface is important in facilitating a vertical charge transport, resulting in high power conversion efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Valais Wallis, Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1950 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. and IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Urbani M, Ragoussi ME, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Phthalocyanines for dye-sensitized solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Virkki K, Tervola E, Ince M, Torres T, Tkachenko NV. Comparison of electron injection and recombination on TiO 2 nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods photosensitized by phthalocyanine. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180323. [PMID: 30109087 PMCID: PMC6083689 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductors have similar band gap positions but TiO2 performs better as an anode material in dye-sensitized solar cell applications. We compared two electrodes made of TiO2 nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods sensitized by an aggregation-protected phthalocyanine derivative using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. In agreement with previous studies, the primary electron injection is two times faster on TiO2, but contrary to the previous results the charge recombination is slower on ZnO. The latter could be due to morphology differences and the ability of the injected electrons to travel much further from the sensitizer cation in ZnO nanorods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Virkki
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - E. Tervola
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - M. Ince
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Campus, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Tarsus Technology, Mersin University, 33480 Mersin, Turkey
| | - T. Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. V. Tkachenko
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 541, 33101 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Iglesias M, Huerta E. Towards new multivalent supramolecular helical structures based on phthalocyanines for PDT applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of [Formula: see text]-D-glucose octafunctionalized Zn(II) phtalocyanine (ZnPc) in aqueous media has been investigated using different techniques such as UV, CD and diffusion-ordered [Formula: see text]H-NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). The formation of supramolecular columnar helical aggregates with a preferred handedness due to the presence of the sugar moiety has been confirmed by these techniques. Moreover, the stability of the supramolecular polymers formed has been assessed by using pyridine as a zinc ligand, disrupting the aggregates or inducing their formation by dilution of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel García-Iglesias
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Huerta
- Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Popescu A, Younts RA, Hoffman B, McAfee T, Dougherty DB, Ade HW, Gundogdu K, Bondarev IV. Monitoring Charge Separation Processes in Quasi-One-Dimensional Organic Crystalline Structures. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6056-6061. [PMID: 28873308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We perform the transient absorption spectroscopy experiments to investigate the dynamics of the low-energy collective electron-hole excitations in α-copper phthalocyanine thin films. The results are interpreted in terms of the third-order nonlinear polarization response function. It is found that, initially excited in the molecular plane, the intramolecular Frenkel exciton polarization reorients with time to align along the molecular chain direction to form coupled Frenkel-charge-transfer exciton states, the eigenstates of the one-dimensional periodic molecular lattice. The process pinpoints the direction of the charge separation in α-copper phthalocyanine and similar organic molecular structures. Being able to observe and monitor such processes is important both for understanding the physical principles of organic thin film solar energy conversion device operation and for the development of organic optoelectronics in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Popescu
- Department of Math and Physics, North Carolina Central University , Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| | | | | | - Terry McAfee
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | | | | | | | - Igor V Bondarev
- Department of Math and Physics, North Carolina Central University , Durham, North Carolina 27707, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Çetinkaya M, Pişkin M, Altun S, Odabaş Z, Durmuş M. Do the positions of trimethyl groups on phthalocyanine photosensitizers improve their photochemical and photophysical properties? J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Fazio E, Jaramillo-García J, Medel M, Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeerudin MK, de la Torre G, Torres T. ABAB Phthalocyanines: Scaffolds for Building Unprecedented Donor-π-Acceptor Chromophores. ChemistryOpen 2016; 6:121-127. [PMID: 28168157 PMCID: PMC5288760 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique donor–π–acceptor phthalocyanines have been synthesized through the asymmetric functionalization of an ABAB phthalocyanine, crosswise functionalized with two iodine atoms through Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions with adequate electron‐donor and electron‐acceptor moieties. These push–pull molecules have been optically and electrochemically characterized, and their ability to perform as chromophores for dye‐sensitized solar cells has been tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | | | - María Medel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain; IMDEA Nanocienciac/Faraday, 9 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain; Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mohammad K Nazeerudin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering School of Basic Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain; IMDEA Nanocienciac/Faraday, 9 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tejerina L, Martínez-Díaz MV, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M, Torres T. Role of the Bulky Aryloxy Group at the Non-Peripheral Position of Phthalocyanines for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Chempluschem 2016; 82:132-135. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tejerina
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; C/Faraday 9 Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tejerina L, Martínez-Díaz MV, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. The Influence of Substituent Orientation on the Photovoltaic Performance of Phthalocyanine-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry 2016; 22:4369-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tejerina
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; CH-1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Tomas Torres
- Departmento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia; C/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu S, Zheng Y, Liu Q, Li R, Peng T. Low cost and solution-processable zinc phthalocyanine as alternative hole transport material for perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22451b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solution-processable and dopant-free ZnPc(tBu)4was used a potential cost-effective substitute for the expensive HTMs containing multifold dopants used in the current PSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Ya Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Langmar O, Ganivet CR, Lennert A, Costa RD, de la Torre G, Torres T, Guldi DM. Combining Electron-Accepting Phthalocyanines and Nanorod-like CuO Electrodes for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7688-92. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
18
|
Langmar O, Ganivet CR, Lennert A, Costa RD, de la Torre G, Torres T, Guldi DM. Combining Electron-Accepting Phthalocyanines and Nanorod-like CuO Electrodes for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Sakamoto K, Yoshino S, Takemoto M, Sugaya K, Kubo H, Komoriya T, Kamei S, Furukawa S. Synthesis of arylsulfanyl-subphthalocyanines and their ring expansion reaction. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For dye-sensitized solar cells, phthalocyanines require strong absorption of far-red light between 700 and 850 nm because of their high electron transfer efficiency. Nevertheless phthalocyanines lack of affinity to basal plats, they inhibit utilization as dye-sensitized solar cell photosensitizer. Then, subphthalocyanines are used as precursors to prepare asymmetric 3:1 type phthalocyanines using a ring-enlargement technique to give affinity to basal plates. As subphthalocyanines having arylsulfanyl substituents used as a precursor, asymmetric phthalocyanines are expected to have good affinity to basal plates. Spectroscopic properties and electron transfer abilities to synthesize non-peripheral arylsulfanyl-subphthalocyanines were estimated. In addition to prepare as trial, asymmetric 3:1 type phthalocyanine, hexakis[(4-methylphenyl)thio]phthalocyanine, was synthesized from corresponding subphthalocyanine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
- Academic Major of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Yoshino
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Takemoto
- Academic Major of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugaya
- Academic Major of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kubo
- Academic Major of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoe Komoriya
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kamei
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| | - Shigeki Furukawa
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
- Academic Major of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1 Izumi-cho, Narashino-shi, Chiba-ken 275-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ragoussi ME, Torres T. New generation solar cells: concepts, trends and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3957-72. [PMID: 25616149 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic, dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cell technologies have triggered widespread interest in recent years due to their very promising potential towards a high solar electricity future. A number of important milestones have marked the roadmap of each sector on the way to today's outstanding performances, but there still remains plenty of scope for further improvement. The most influential landmarks, together with basic concepts and future perspectives, are unraveled in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Ragoussi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tejerina L, Martínez-Díaz MV, Torres T. Convergent Strategy for the Regioselective Synthesis of Nonaggregated α-Triaryl-β-carboxy Zinc Phthalocyanines. Org Lett 2015; 17:552-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503557c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Tejerina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, and ‡IMDEA Nanociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Martínez-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, and ‡IMDEA Nanociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, and ‡IMDEA Nanociencia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raboui H, AL-Amar M, Abdelrahman AI, Bender TP. Axially phenoxylated aluminum phthalocyanines and their application in organic photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenoxylation of chloro aluminum phthalocyanine (Cl-AlPc) can be easily achieved only when using “acidic phenols”. Once incorporated into unoptimized organic photovoltaics (OPVs) the result is an increase in the VOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Raboui
- University of Toronto
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Mohammad AL-Amar
- University of Toronto
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Ahmed I. Abdelrahman
- University of Toronto
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Timothy P. Bender
- University of Toronto
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry
- Toronto
- Canada
- University of Toronto
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Blas-Ferrando VM, Ortiz J, González-Pedro V, Sánchez RS, Mora-Seró I, Fernández-Lázaro F, Sastre-Santos Á. Efficient passivated phthalocyanine-quantum dot solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1732-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of CdSe and CdS quantum dot sensitized solar cells is enhanced up to 45% for CdSe and 104% for CdS by passivation with an asymmetrically disulfide substituted phthalocyanine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| | - Victoria González-Pedro
- Grup de Dispositius Fotovoltaics i Optoelectrónics
- Departament de Física
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Rafael S. Sánchez
- Grup de Dispositius Fotovoltaics i Optoelectrónics
- Departament de Física
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Grup de Dispositius Fotovoltaics i Optoelectrónics
- Departament de Física
- Universitat Jaume I
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
| | | | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Bioingeniería
- Universidad Miguel Hernández
- 03202 Elche
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bian Y, Jiang J. Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Molecular Materials. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
25
|
Javier Ramos F, Ince M, Urbani M, Abate A, Grätzel M, Ahmad S, Torres T, Nazeeruddin MK. Non-aggregated Zn(ii)octa(2,6-diphenylphenoxy) phthalocyanine as a hole transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:10847-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-aggregated Zn(ii)octa(2,6-diphenylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (coded as TT80) has been used as a hole-transporting material for perovskite solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Ramos
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
- CH 1015 – Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - M. Ince
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
- CH 1015 – Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - M. Urbani
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia
| | - Antonio Abate
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
- CH 1015 – Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - M. Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
- CH 1015 – Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | | | - T. Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL)
- CH 1015 – Lausanne
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Fazio E, Jaramillo-García J, de la Torre G, Torres T. Efficient Synthesis of ABAB Functionalized Phthalocyanines. Org Lett 2014; 16:4706-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502042r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Jaramillo-García
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yamamoto S, Ikeuchi T, Mori S, Kimura M. Light-Harvesting in the Near-Infrared Region: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Sensitized with Asymmetric Ring-Expanded Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Ragoussi ME, Torres T. Modern Synthetic Tools Toward the Preparation of Sophisticated Phthalocyanine-Based Photoactive Systems. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2676-707. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|