1
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Forrer D, Vittadini A. Effect of Formic Acid on the Outdiffusion of Ti Interstitials at TiO 2 Surfaces: A DFT+U Investigation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196538. [PMID: 36235075 PMCID: PMC9572331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ti interstitials play a key role in the surface chemistry of TiO2. However, because of their elusive behavior, proof of their participation in catalytic processes is difficult to obtain. Here, we used DFT+U calculations to investigate the interaction between formic acid (FA) and excess Ti atoms on the rutile-TiO2(110) and anatase-TiO2(101) surfaces. The excess Ti atoms favor FA dissociation, while decreasing the relative stability of the bidentate bridging coordination over the monodentate one. FA species interact significantly with the Ti interstitials, favoring their outdiffusion. Eventually, Ti atoms can emerge at the surface forming chelate species, which are more stable than monodentate FA species in the case of rutile, and are even energetically favored in the case of anatase. The presence of Ti adatoms that can directly participate to surface processes should then be considered when formic acid and possibly carboxylate-bearing species are adsorbed onto TiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Forrer
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia del CNR (CNR-ICMATE), Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche (DiSC), Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Vittadini
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l’Energia del CNR (CNR-ICMATE), Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche (DiSC), Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8275235
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2
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Xia GJ, Lee MS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R, Wang YG. Diffusion and Surface Segregation of Interstitial Ti Defects Induced by Electronic Metal–Support Interactions on a Au/TiO 2 Nanocatalyst. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jie Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | | | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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3
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Kräuter J, Franz E, Waidhas F, Brummel O, Jörg Libuda, Al-Shamery K. The Role of Defects in the Photoconversion of 2-Propanol on Rutile Titania: Operando Spectroscopy Combined with Elementary Studies. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Li F, Wang D, Gong XQ. Subtle structure matters: boosting surface-directed photoelectron transfer via the introduction of specific monovalent oxygen vacancies in TiO 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19854-19861. [PMID: 34525137 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen vacancies (Ov) are widely considered to play crucial roles in photocatalysis, but how and why they contribute to improved performances remains controversial. In this work, we studied the promotional effect of Ov on photoelectron transfer in TiO2, using first-principles density functional theory calculations with correction for on-site Coulomb interactions. We explicitly identified three types of Ov with different charge states (i.e., charge-neutral , monovalent , divalent Ov2+) via electronic structure analysis. Electron transfer energy calculations revealed that the ionized Ov in anatase TiO2 are able to collect excess electrons whereas those in the rutile phase are not. The presence of ionized Ov further endows anatase TiO2 with directional electron transfer along the [100] orientation, in favor of anatase TiO2(101) for photocatalytic reduction surpassing the (001) termination. After examining various combination modes of ionized Ov involving different charge states and spatial distributions, we demonstrated that the vertical chain in anatase TiO2(101) is the most catalytically effective Ov pattern in TiO2. These results signify the importance of subtle defects in photocatalysis and may assist future photocatalyst design toward higher photocatalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xue-Qing Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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5
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Mohrhusen L, Kräuter J, Al-Shamery K. Conversion of methanol on rutile TiO 2(110) and tungsten oxide clusters: 2. The role of defects and electron transfer in bifunctional oxidic photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12148-12157. [PMID: 34018509 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The photochemical conversion of organic compounds on tailored transition metal oxide surfaces by UV irradiation has found wide applications ranging from the production of chemicals to the degradation of organic pollutants e.g. in waste water treatment. Here, we present a systematic surface science-based study of the UV photoconversion of methanol on a rutile TiO2(110) surface. Under the used conditions, the dominant photoreaction is the photo-oxidation forming formaldehyde, that is drastically boosted by the presence of adsorbed oxygen as well as (sub-)surface defects such as oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ interstitials. Moreover, a photostimulated and Ti3+ mediated C-C coupling was observed leading to the production of ethene. We have further deposited tungsten oxide clusters on the rutile surface and examined the impact on the methanol photochemistry. In this case, the C-C coupling can be suppressed. Surprisingly, especially for high Ti3+ contents the population of the photochemical pathway is quenched in favor of the population of the thermal reaction yielding more methane from the deoxygenation reaction. So, the common concept that long time charge separation is efficient by combining two photocatalysts with similar band gaps, but different work functions in order to enhance photochemical yields is apparently too naive for certain systems. We attribute the loss of photoproducts with tungsten oxide coadsorption to the "pinning" of Ti3+ centers and a related enhancement of electron density near the oxide clusters which makes a concomitant recombination of the photochemical relevant holes with the excess surface electrons more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mohrhusen
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Jessica Kräuter
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Al-Shamery
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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6
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Tang DF, Chen X, Guo Q, Yang WS. Effects of surface defects on adsorption of CO and methyl groups on rutile TiO2(110). CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2012221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng-fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen-shao Yang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced studies, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou 311231, China
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7
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Jeong H, Ertekin E, Seebauer EG. Kinetic Control of Oxygen Interstitial Interaction with TiO 2(110) via the Surface Fermi Energy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12632-12648. [PMID: 33064485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically clean surfaces of semiconducting oxides efficiently mediate the interconversion of gas-phase O2 and solid-phase oxygen interstitial atoms (Oi). First-principles calculations together with mesoscale microkinetic modeling are employed for TiO2(110) to determine reaction pathways, assess appropriate rate expressions, and obtain corresponding activation energies and pre-exponential factors. The Fermi energy (EF) at the surface influences the rate-determining step for both injection and annihilation of Oi. The barriers range between 0.72-0.82 eV for injection and 0.60-2.34 eV for annihilation and may be manipulated through intentional control of EF. At equilibrium, the microkinetic model and first-principles calculations indicate that interconversion of Oi species in the first and second sublayers limits the rate. The effective pre-exponential factors for injection and annihilation are surprisingly low, probably resulting from the use of simple Langmuir-like rate expressions to describe a complicated kinetic sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonjae Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Edmund G Seebauer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Collinge G, Yuk SF, Nguyen MT, Lee MS, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R. Effect of Collective Dynamics and Anharmonicity on Entropy in Heterogenous Catalysis: Building the Case for Advanced Molecular Simulations. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Collinge
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simuck F. Yuk
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Manh-Thuong Nguyen
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Basic & Applied Molecular Foundations, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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9
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Walenta CA, Tschurl M, Heiz U. Introducing catalysis in photocatalysis: What can be understood from surface science studies of alcohol photoreforming on TiO 2. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:473002. [PMID: 31342942 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms in heterogeneous photocatalysis have traditionally been interpreted by the band-structure model and analogously to electrochemistry. This has led to the establishment of 'band-engineering' as a leading principle for the discovery of more efficient photocatalysts. In such a picture, mainly thermodynamic aspects are taken into account, while kinetics are often ignored. This holds in particular for chemical kinetics, which are, other than those for charge carrier dynamics, often not at all considered for the interpretation of the catalysts' photocatalytic performance. However, while being usually neglected in photocatalyis, they are a traditional and powerful tool in thermal catalysis and are still applied with great success in this field. While surface science studies made substantial contributes to thermal catalysis, analogous studies in heterogeneous photocatalysis still play only a minor role. In this review, the authors show that the photo-physics of defined materials in well-defined environments can be correlated with photochemical events on a surface, highlighting the importance of well-characterized semiconductors for the interpretation of mechanisms in heterogeneous photochemistry. The work focuses on contributions from surface science, which were obtained for the model system of a titania single crystal and alcohol photo-reforming. It is demonstrated that only surface science studies have so far enabled the elucidation of molecularly precise reaction mechanisms, the determination of reaction intermediates and assignment of reactive sites. As the identification of these properties remain major prerequisites for a breakthrough in photocatalysis research, the work also discusses the implications of the findings for applied systems. In general, the results from surface science demonstrate that photocatalytic systems shall also be approached by a perspective originating from heterogeneous catalysis rather than solely from an electrochemical point of view.
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10
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Shao ZJ, Zhang L, Liu H, Cao XM, Hu P. Enhanced Interfacial H2 Activation for Nitrostyrene Catalytic Hydrogenation over Rutile Titania-Supported Gold by Coadsorption: A First-Principles Microkinetic Simulation Study. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Jiang Shao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - P. Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Center for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K
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11
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Liu B, Zhao X, Yu J, Parkin IP, Fujishima A, Nakata K. Intrinsic intermediate gap states of TiO2 materials and their roles in charge carrier kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Huang X, Wang J, Tao HB, Tian H, Xu H. An essential descriptor for the oxygen evolution reaction on reducible metal oxide surfaces. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3340-3345. [PMID: 30996921 PMCID: PMC6430015 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of excess electrons (NEE), as a descriptor, perfectly reproduces the OER volcano curve of TiO2(110) plotted using ΔGO – ΔGOH.
The development of a universal activity descriptor like the d-band model for transition metal catalysts is of great importance to catalyst design. However, due to the complicated electronic structures of metal oxides, the correlation of the binding energies of reaction intermediates (*OH, *O, and *OOH) in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with experimentally controllable properties of metal oxides has not been well established. Here we demonstrate that excess electrons are the essential factor that governs the binding properties of intermediates on the surfaces of reducible metal oxides. We propose that the number of excess electrons (NEE) is an essential activity descriptor toward the OER activities of these oxides, which perfectly reproduces the volcano curve plotted using the descriptor ΔGO – ΔGOH, so that tuning NEE can effectively tailor the OER activities of reducible metal oxide based catalysts. Guided by this descriptor, we predict a novel non-precious catalyst with an overpotential of 0.54 eV, which could be a potential alternative to current Ru or Ir based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China . .,School of Physics and Technology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Jiong Wang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Hua Bing Tao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62 Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
| | - Hu Xu
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China .
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13
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Reticcioli M, Sokolović I, Schmid M, Diebold U, Setvin M, Franchini C. Interplay between Adsorbates and Polarons: CO on Rutile TiO_{2}(110). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:016805. [PMID: 31012645 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.016805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polaron formation plays a major role in determining the structural, electrical, and chemical properties of ionic crystals. Using a combination of first-principles calculations, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, we analyze the interaction of polarons with CO molecules adsorbed on the reduced rutile TiO_{2}(110) surface. Adsorbed CO shows attractive coupling with polarons in the surface layer, and repulsive interaction with polarons in the subsurface layer. As a result, CO adsorption depends on the reduction state of the sample. For slightly reduced surfaces, many adsorption configurations with comparable adsorption energies exist and polarons reside in the subsurface layer. At strongly reduced surfaces, two adsorption configurations dominate: either inside an oxygen vacancy, or at surface Ti_{5c} sites, coupled with a surface polaron. Similar conclusions are predicted for TiO_{2}(110) surfaces containing near-surface Ti interstitials. These results show that polarons are of primary importance for understanding the performance of polar semiconductors and transition metal oxides in catalysis and energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Reticcioli
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Igor Sokolović
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Martin Setvin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cesare Franchini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Yim CM, Chen J, Zhang Y, Shaw BJ, Pang CL, Grinter DC, Bluhm H, Salmeron M, Muryn CA, Michaelides A, Thornton G. Visualization of Water-Induced Surface Segregation of Polarons on Rutile TiO 2(110). J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4865-4871. [PMID: 30081626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water-oxide surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and of widespread importance to phenomena like corrosion as well as contemporary industrial challenges such as energy production through water splitting. So far, a reasonably robust understanding of the structure of such interfaces under certain conditions has been obtained. Considerably less is known about how overlayer water modifies the inherent reactivity of oxide surfaces. Here we address this issue experimentally for rutile TiO2(110) using scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission, with complementary density functional theory calculations. Through detailed studies of adsorbed water nanoclusters and continuous water overlayers, we determine that excess electrons in TiO2 are attracted to the top surface layer by water molecules. Measurements on methanol show similar behavior. Our results suggest that adsorbate-induced surface segregation of polarons could be a general phenomenon for technologically relevant oxide materials, with consequences for surface chemistry and the associated catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi M Yim
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Thomas Young Centre , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
| | - Bobbie-Jean Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
| | - Chi L Pang
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
| | - David C Grinter
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik Bluhm
- Chemical Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Christopher A Muryn
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Thomas Young Centre , University College London , London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Thornton
- Department of Chemistry and London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London WC1H 0AJ , United Kingdom
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15
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16
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Arima E, Wen HF, Naitoh Y, Li YJ, Sugawara Y. KPFM/AFM imaging on TiO 2(110) surface in O 2 gas. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:105504. [PMID: 29313525 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa62c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out high-speed imaging of the topography and local contact potential difference (LCPD) on rutile TiO2(110) in O2 gas by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). We succeeded in KPFM/AFM imaging with atomic resolution at 1 frame min-1 and observed the adsorbate on a hydroxylated TiO2(110) surface. The observed adsorbate is considered to be oxygen adatoms (Oa), hydroperoxyls (HO2), or terminal hydroxyls (OHt). After adsorption, changes in the topography and the LCPD of the adsorbate were observed. This phenomenon is thought to be caused by the charge transfer of the adsorbate. This technique has the potential to observe catalytic behavior with atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Arima
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Müllner M, Balajka J, Schmid M, Diebold U, Mertens SFL. Self-Limiting Adsorption of WO 3 Oligomers on Oxide Substrates in Solution. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:19743-19750. [PMID: 28936277 PMCID: PMC5601357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical surface science of oxides is an emerging field with expected high impact in developing, for instance, rationally designed catalysts. The aim in such catalysts is to replace noble metals by earth-abundant elements, yet without sacrificing activity. Gaining an atomic-level understanding of such systems hinges on the use of experimental surface characterization techniques such as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), in which tungsten tips have been the most widely used probes, both in vacuum and under electrochemical conditions. Here, we present an in situ STM study with atomic resolution that shows how tungsten(VI) oxide, spontaneously generated at a W STM tip, forms 1D adsorbates on oxide substrates. By comparing the behavior of rutile TiO2(110) and magnetite Fe3O4(001) in aqueous solution, we hypothesize that, below the point of zero charge of the oxide substrate, electrostatics causes water-soluble WO3 to efficiently adsorb and form linear chains in a self-limiting manner up to submonolayer coverage. The 1D oligomers can be manipulated and nanopatterned in situ with a scanning probe tip. As WO3 spontaneously forms under all conditions of potential and pH at the tungsten-aqueous solution interface, this phenomenon also identifies an important caveat regarding the usability of tungsten tips in electrochemical surface science of oxides and other highly adsorptive materials.
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18
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Scenarios of polaron-involved molecular adsorption on reduced TiO 2(110) surfaces. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6148. [PMID: 28733624 PMCID: PMC5522416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The polaron introduced by the oxygen vacancy (Vo) dominates many surface adsorption processes and chemical reactions on reduced oxide surfaces. Based on IR spectra and DFT calculations of NO and CO adsorption, we gave two scenarios of polaron-involved molecular adsorption on reduced TiO2(110) surfaces. For NO adsorption, the subsurface polaron electron transfers to a Ti:3d-NO:2p hybrid orbital mainly on NO, leading to the large redshifts of vibration frequencies of NO. For CO adsorption, the polaron only transfers to a Ti:3d state of the surface Ti5c cation underneath CO, and thus only a weak shift of vibration frequency of CO was observed. These scenarios are determined by the energy-level matching between the polaron state and the LUMO of adsorbed molecules, which plays a crucial role in polaron-adsorbate interaction and related catalytic reactions on reduced oxide surfaces.
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19
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Zhou P, Zhang H, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. Modulating the photocatalytic redox preferences between anatase TiO2{001} and {101} surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:787-790. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface protonation/deprotonation can change the photocatalytic redox preferences of TiO2{001} and {101} surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Hongwei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Wanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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20
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Yu YY, Gong XQ. CO Oxidation at Rutile TiO2(110): Role of Oxygen Vacancies and Titanium Interstitials. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501900q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Yu
- Key Laboratory
for Advanced
Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute
of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qing Gong
- Key Laboratory
for Advanced
Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute
of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Yoon Y, Wang YG, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA. Impact of Nonadiabatic Charge Transfer on the Rate of Redox Chemistry of Carbon Oxides on Rutile TiO2(110) Surface. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501873m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeohoon Yoon
- Fundamental and Computational
Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Fundamental and Computational
Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Fundamental and Computational
Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Fundamental and Computational
Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PO Box 999, K1-83, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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