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Bunjes O, Rittmeier A, Hedman D, Hua SA, Paul LA, Meyer F, Ding F, Wenderoth M. Testing functional anchor groups for the efficient immobilization of molecular catalysts on silver surfaces. Commun Chem 2024; 7:107. [PMID: 38724592 PMCID: PMC11082172 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Modifications of complexes by attachment of anchor groups are widely used to control molecule-surface interactions. This is of importance for the fabrication of (catalytically active) hybrid systems, viz. of surface immobilized molecular catalysts. In this study, the complex fac-Re(S-Sbpy)(CO)3Cl (S-Sbpy = 3,3'-disulfide-2,2'-bipyridine), a sulfurated derivative of the prominent Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl class of CO2 reduction catalysts, was deposited onto the clean Ag(001) surface at room temperature. The complex is thermostable upon sublimation as supported by infrared absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its anchoring process has been analyzed using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The growth behavior was directly contrasted to the one of the parent complex fac-Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). The sulfurated complex nucleates as single molecule at different surface sites and at molecule clusters. In contrast, for the parent complex nucleation only occurs in clusters of several molecules at specifically oriented surface steps. While this shows that surface immobilization of the sulfurated complex is more efficient as compared to the parent, symmetry analysis of the STM topographic data supported by DFT calculations indicates that more than 90% of the complexes adsorb in a geometric configuration very similar to the one of the parent complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Bunjes
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rittmeier
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hedman
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shao-An Hua
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas A Paul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Wenderoth
- IV. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Lee EK, Lee MY, Park CH, Lee HR, Oh JH. Toward Environmentally Robust Organic Electronics: Approaches and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703638. [PMID: 28960531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest in flexible electronics has led to a paradigm shift in consumer electronics, and the emergent development of stretchable and wearable electronics is opening a new spectrum of ubiquitous applications for electronics. Organic electronic materials, such as π-conjugated small molecules and polymers, are highly suitable for use in low-cost wearable electronic devices, and their charge-carrier mobilities have now exceeded that of amorphous silicon. However, their commercialization is minimal, mainly because of weaknesses in terms of operational stability, long-term stability under ambient conditions, and chemical stability related to fabrication processes. Recently, however, many attempts have been made to overcome such instabilities of organic electronic materials. Here, an overview is provided of the strategies developed for environmentally robust organic electronics to overcome the detrimental effects of various critical factors such as oxygen, water, chemicals, heat, and light. Additionally, molecular design approaches to π-conjugated small molecules and polymers that are highly stable under ambient and harsh conditions are explored; such materials will circumvent the need for encapsulation and provide a greater degree of freedom using simple solution-based device-fabrication techniques. Applications that are made possible through these strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Moo Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hae Rang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
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Zeininger L, Portilla L, Halik M, Hirsch A. Quantitative Determination and Comparison of the Surface Binding of Phosphonic Acid, Carboxylic Acid, and Catechol Ligands on TiO2Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2016; 22:13506-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zeininger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Luis Portilla
- Department of Materials Science; Organic Materials and Devices (OMD); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Department of Materials Science; Organic Materials and Devices (OMD); Martensstrasse 7 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy; Institute of Organic Chemistry; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
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