1
|
Ma J, Zhao D, Yu L, Jiang C, Lan Z, Li F. Simultaneously improving the efficiencies of photo- and thermal isomerization of an oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motor by a structural redesign. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:12800-12809. [PMID: 37129050 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We designed a novel highly efficient light-driven molecular rotary motor theoretically by using electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations, and it showed excellent performance for both photo- and thermal isomerization processes simultaneously. By the small structural modification based on 3-(2,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)-1-methylindolin-2-one (DDIYM) synthesized by Feringa et al. recently, an oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motor, 3-(1,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrol-6(1H)-ylidene)-1-methylindolin-2-one (DDPYM), is proposed, which displays a significant electronic push-pull character and weak steric hindrance for double-bond isomerization. The newly designed motor DDPYM shows a remarkable improvement of the quantum yield for both EP → ZM and ZP → EM photoisomerization processes, compared to the original motor DDIYM. Furthermore, the rotary motion in photoisomerization processes of DDPYM behaves more like a pure axial rotational motion approximately, while that of DDIYM is an obvious precessional motion. The weakness of the steric hindrance reduces the energy barriers of the thermal helix EM → EP and ZM → ZP inversion steps, and would accelerate two ground-state isomerization steps significantly. Our results confirm the feasibility of simultaneously improving the efficiencies of photo- and thermal isomerization of oxindole-based light-driven molecular rotary motors and this design idea sheds light on the future development of more efficient molecular motors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fuli Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xian 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pooler DRS, Lubbe AS, Crespi S, Feringa BL. Designing light-driven rotary molecular motors. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14964-14986. [PMID: 34909140 PMCID: PMC8612399 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce and amplify motion at the molecular scale has seen tremendous progress ranging from simple molecular rotors to responsive materials. In the two decades since the discovery of light-driven rotary molecular motors, the development of these molecules has been extensive; moving from the realm of molecular chemistry to integration into dynamic molecular systems. They have been identified as actuators holding great potential to precisely control the dynamics of nanoscale devices, but integrating molecular motors effectively into evermore complex artificial molecular machinery is not trivial. Maximising efficiency without compromising function requires conscious and judicious selection of the structures used. In this perspective, we focus on the key aspects of motor design and discuss how to manipulate these properties without impeding motor integrity. Herein, we describe these principles in the context of molecular rotary motors featuring a central double bond axle and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of each design, providing a comprehensive evaluation of all artificial light-driven rotary motor scaffolds currently present in the literature. Based on this discussion, we will explore the trajectory of research into the field of molecular motors in the coming years, including challenges to be addressed, potential applications, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Anouk S Lubbe
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Crespi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kolodzeiski E, Amirjalayer S. Elucidating the Impact of Molecular Motors on Their Solvation Environment. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10879-10888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kolodzeiski
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Saeed Amirjalayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schildhauer M, Rott F, Thumser S, Mayer P, de Vivie‐Riedle R, Dube H. A Prospective Ultrafast Hemithioindigo Molecular Motor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schildhauer
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Florian Rott
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Thumser
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| | | | - Henry Dube
- Department für ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSMLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München D-81377 Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Oruganti B, Durbeej B. A Straightforward Route to Aromatic Excited States in Molecular Motors that Improves Photochemical Efficiency. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping University 581 83 Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Durbeej B. Molecular motors with high quantum efficiency and visible-light responsiveness: Meeting two challenges in one design. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
7
|
Durbeej B, Wang J, Oruganti B. Molecular Photoswitching Aided by Excited-State Aromaticity. Chempluschem 2018; 83:958-967. [PMID: 31950720 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Central to the development of optoelectronic devices is the availability of efficient synthetic molecular photoswitches, the design of which is an arena where the evolving concept of excited-state aromaticity (ESA) is yet to make a big impact. The aim of this minireview is to illustrate the potential of this concept to become a key tool for the future design of photoswitches. The paper starts with a discussion of challenges facing the use of photoswitches for applications and continues with an account of how the ESA concept has progressed since its inception. Then, following some brief remarks on computational modeling of photoswitches and ESA, the paper describes two different approaches to improve the quantum yields and response times of switches driven by E/Z photoisomerization or photoinduced H-atom/proton transfer reactions through simple ESA considerations. It is our hope that these approaches, verified by quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, will help stimulate the application of the ESA concept as a general tool for designing more efficient photoswitches and other functional molecules used in optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, GITAM Institute of Science (GIS), GITAM University, Visakhapatnam-, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang J, Durbeej B. Toward Fast and Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Molecular Motors: A Minimal Design. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:583-589. [PMID: 30083493 PMCID: PMC6070775 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A key goal in the development of light-driven rotary molecular motors is to facilitate their usage in biology and medicine by shifting the required irradiation wavelengths from the UV regime to the nondestructive visible regime. Although some progress has been made toward this goal, most available visible-light-driven motors either have relatively low quantum yields or require that thermal steps follow the photoisomerizations that underlie the rotary motion. Here, a minimal design for visible-light-driven motors without these drawbacks is presented and evaluated on the basis of state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The design, featuring dihydropyridinium and cyclohexenylidene motifs and comprising only five conjugated double bonds, is found to produce a full 360° rotation through fast photoisomerizations (excited-state lifetimes of ≈170-250 fs) powered by photons with energies well below 3 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping UniversitySE-581 83LinköpingSweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFMLinköping UniversitySE-581 83LinköpingSweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oruganti B, Wang J, Durbeej B. Excited-State Aromaticity Improves Molecular Motors: A Computational Analysis. Org Lett 2017; 19:4818-4821. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baswanth Oruganti
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry,
IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry,
IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry,
IFM, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hall CR, Conyard J, Heisler IA, Jones G, Frost J, Browne WR, Feringa BL, Meech SR. Ultrafast Dynamics in Light-Driven Molecular Rotary Motors Probed by Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7408-7414. [PMID: 28486804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical isomerization in sterically crowded chiral alkenes is the driving force for molecular rotary motors in nanoscale machines. Here the excited-state dynamics and structural evolution of the prototypical light-driven rotary motor are followed on the ultrafast time scale by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) and transient absorption (TA). TA reveals a sub-100-fs blue shift and decay of the Franck-Condon bright state arising from relaxation along the reactive potential energy surface. The decay is accompanied by coherently excited vibrational dynamics which survive the excited-state structural evolution. The ultrafast Franck-Condon bright state relaxes to a dark excited state, which FSRS reveals to have a rich spectrum compared to the electronic ground state, with the most intense Raman-active modes shifted to significantly lower wavenumber. This is discussed in terms of a reduced bond order of the central bridging bond and overall weakening of bonds in the dark state, which is supported by electronic structure calculations. The observed evolution in the FSRS spectrum is assigned to vibrational cooling accompanied by partitioning of the dark state between the product isomer and the original ground state. Formation of the product isomer is observed in real time by FSRS. It is formed vibrationally hot and cools over several picoseconds, completing the characterization of the light-driven half of the photocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Hall
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Jamie Conyard
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Ismael A Heisler
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Garth Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - James Frost
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Wesley R Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pang X, Cui X, Hu D, Jiang C, Zhao D, Lan Z, Li F. “Watching” the Dark State in Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Photoisomerization Process of a Light-Driven Molecular Rotary Motor. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1240-1249. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Pang
- Key
Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices,
Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Xueyan Cui
- Key
Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices,
Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Deping Hu
- Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Chenwei Jiang
- Key
Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices,
Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Key
Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices,
Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Qingdao Institute
of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101 Shandong China
| | - Fuli Li
- Key
Laboratory for Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices,
Shaanxi, and Department of Applied Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Oruganti B, Durbeej B. Light-driven rotary molecular motors without point chirality: a minimal design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6952-6956. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08484b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite lacking a stereocenter, light-driven cyclohexenylidene-pyrrolinium molecular motors achieve unidirectional rotary motion through the asymmetry afforded by the puckered cyclohexenylidene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry
- IFM
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry
- IFM
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry
- IFM
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stauch T, Dreuw A. Advances in Quantum Mechanochemistry: Electronic Structure Methods and Force Analysis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14137-14180. [PMID: 27767298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In quantum mechanochemistry, quantum chemical methods are used to describe molecules under the influence of an external force. The calculation of geometries, energies, transition states, reaction rates, and spectroscopic properties of molecules on the force-modified potential energy surfaces is the key to gain an in-depth understanding of mechanochemical processes at the molecular level. In this review, we present recent advances in the field of quantum mechanochemistry and introduce the quantum chemical methods used to calculate the properties of molecules under an external force. We place special emphasis on quantum chemical force analysis tools, which can be used to identify the mechanochemically relevant degrees of freedom in a deformed molecule, and spotlight selected applications of quantum mechanochemical methods to point out their synergistic relationship with experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stauch
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|