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Boidi G, Ronai B, Heift D, Benini F, Varga M, Righi MC, Rosenkranz A. Tribology of 2D black phosphorus - Current state-of-the-art and future potential. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103180. [PMID: 38754213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the first mechanical exfoliation of graphene in 2004, the interest in 2D materials has significantly risen due to their outstanding property combination. Multiple 2D materials have been synthesized until today, while black phosphorus (BP) resembles one of their latest additions. The unique properties of BP, especially for electronic and optical devices (i.e., high carrier mobility and electrical conduction, field-effect transistor, layer-dependent bandgap, anisotropic transport), have gained notable attention. However, its layered structure, similar to those of graphene and MoS2, is also advantageous to optimize the friction and wear performance. Moreover, the strong in-plane covalent bonds and weak interlayer van-der-Waals forces favour the formation of low-friction and wear-resistant films. Although BP holds a great tribological potential, the literature to date on this topic is rather scarce. Therefore, it is a timely moment to holistically summarize the synthesis approaches and properties of BP thus guiding interested researchers to use it in mechanical/tribological applications. The existing state-of-the-art regarding tribological research is critically discussed and compared to other 2D materials thus highlighting existing research gaps and paving the way for future research activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Boidi
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Bettina Ronai
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Dominikus Heift
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Francesca Benini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Markus Varga
- AC2T research GmbH, Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/C, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "Augusto Righi", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago 8370415, Chile.
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2
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Hao Y, Sun TY, Ye JT, Huang LF, Wang LP. Accurate Simulation for 2D Lubricating Materials in Realistic Environments: From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312429. [PMID: 38655823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, and hexagonal BN are the most advanced solid lubricating materials with superior friction and anti-wear performance. However, as a typical surface phenomenon, the lubricating properties of 2D materials are largely dependent on the surrounding environment, such as temperature, stress, humidity, oxygen, and other environmental substances. Given the technical challenges in experiment for real-time and in situ detection of microscopic environment-material interaction, recent years have witnessed the acceleration of computational research on the lubrication behavior of 2D materials in realistic environments. This study reviews the up-to-date computational studies for the effect of environmental factors on the lubrication performance of 2D materials, summarizes the theoretical methods in lubrication from classical to quantum-mechanics ones, and emphasizes the importance of quantum method in revealing the lubrication mechanism at atomic and electronic level. An effective simulation method based on ab initio molecular dynamics is also proposed to try to provide more ways to accurately reveal the friction mechanisms and reliably guide the lubricating material design. On the basis of current development, future prospects, and challenges for the simulation and modeling in lubrication with realistic environment are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jin-Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Liang-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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3
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Gao K, Zhang B, Sen FG, Bhowmick S, Zhang J, Alpas AT. Temperature-Dependent Frictional Behavior of MoS 2 in Humid Environments: Insights from Water Molecule Adsorption and DFT Analyses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38412376 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the temperature-dependent frictional behavior of MoS2 in humid environments within the context of a long-standing debate over increased friction due to oxidation processes or molecular adsorption. By combining sliding friction experiments and density functional theory (DFT)-based first-principles simulations, it aims to clarify the role of water molecule adsorption in influencing frictional properties of MoS2, addressing the challenge of identifying interfacial bonding behavior responsible for friction in such conditions. Sliding experiments revealed that magnetron-sputtered MoS2 exhibits a reduction in the coefficient of friction (COF) with an increase in temperature from 25 to 100 °C under 20 and 40% relative humidity. This change in the COF obeys the Arrhenius law, presenting an energy barrier of 0.165 eV, indicative of the temperature-dependent nature of these frictional changes and suggests a consistent frictional mechanism. DFT simulations showed that H2O molecules are adsorbed at MoS2 vacancy defects with adsorption energies ranging from -0.56 to -0.17 eV, which align with the experimentally determined energy barrier. Adsorptive interactions, particularly the formation of stable H···S interfacial hydrogen bonds at defect sites, increase the interlayer adhesion and impede layer shearing. TEM analysis confirms that although MoS2 layers align parallel to the sliding direction in humid conditions, the COF remains at 0.12, as opposed to approximately 0.02 in dry air. This demonstrates that parallel layer alignment does not notably decrease the COF, underscoring humidity's significant role in MoS2's COF values, a result also supported by the Arrhenius analysis. The reversibility of the physisorption process, demonstrated by the recovery of the COF in high-temperature humid environments, suggests its dynamic nature. This study yields fundamental insights into MoS2 interfaces for environments with variable humidity and temperature, crucial for demanding tribological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaixiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kaixiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fatih G Sen
- Novelis Global Research and Technology Center, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
| | - Sukanta Bhowmick
- Tribology of Materials Research Centre, Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ahmet T Alpas
- Tribology of Materials Research Centre, Department of Mechanical, Automotive & Materials Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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Bobbitt NS, Curry JF, Babuska TF, Chandross M. Water adsorption on MoS 2 under realistic atmosphere conditions and impacts on tribology. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4717-4729. [PMID: 38318617 PMCID: PMC10843291 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07984h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a 2D material widely used as a dry lubricant. However, exposure to water and oxygen is known to reduce its effectiveness, and therefore an understanding of the uptake of water is important information for mitigating these effects. Here we use grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to rigorously study water adsorption on MoS2 surfaces and edges with different concentrations of defects under realistic atmospheric conditions (i.e. various temperatures and humidity levels). We find that the amount of water adsorbed depends strongly on the number of defects. Simulations indicate that defect sites are generally saturated with water even at low ppm levels of humidity. Water binds strongly to S vacancies on interlamellar surfaces, but generally only one water molecule can fit on each of these sites. Defects on surfaces or edges of lamellae also strongly attract water molecules that then nucleate small clusters of water bonded via hydrogen bonding. We demonstrate that water preferentially binds to surface defects, but once those are saturated at a critical humidity level of about 500-1000 ppm water, water binds to edge sites where it negatively impacts the tribological performance of MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Scott Bobbitt
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87123 USA
| | - John F Curry
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87123 USA
| | - Tomas F Babuska
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87123 USA
| | - Michael Chandross
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87123 USA
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Grützmacher PG, Cutini M, Marquis E, Rodríguez Ripoll M, Riedl H, Kutrowatz P, Bug S, Hsu CJ, Bernardi J, Gachot C, Erdemir A, Righi MC. Se Nanopowder Conversion into Lubricious 2D Selenide Layers by Tribochemical Reactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302076. [PMID: 37247210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) coatings have attracted enormous scientific and industrial interest due to their outstanding tribological behavior. The paradigmatic example is MoS2 , even though selenides and tellurides have demonstrated superior tribological properties. Here, an innovative in operando conversion of Se nanopowders into lubricious 2D selenides, by sprinkling them onto sliding metallic surfaces coated with Mo and W thin films, is described. Advanced material characterization confirms the tribochemical formation of a thin tribofilm containing selenides, reducing the coefficient of friction down to below 0.1 in ambient air, levels typically reached using fully formulated oils. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations under tribological conditions reveal the atomistic mechanisms that result in the shear-induced synthesis of selenide monolayers from nanopowders. The use of Se nanopowder provides thermal stability and prevents outgassing in vacuum environments. Additionally, the high reactivity of the Se nanopowder with the transition metal coating in the conditions prevailing in the contact interface yields highly reproducible results, making it particularly suitable for the replenishment of sliding components with solid lubricants, avoiding the long-lasting problem of TMD-lubricity degradation caused by environmental molecules. The suggested straightforward approach demonstrates an unconventional and smart way to synthesize TMDs in operando and exploit their friction- and wear-reducing impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Grützmacher
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Michele Cutini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marquis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | | | - Helmut Riedl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Philip Kutrowatz
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Stefan Bug
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Chia-Jui Hsu
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), TU Wien, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Carsten Gachot
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Ali Erdemir
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
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6
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Wang H, Xu M, Ji H, He T, Li W, Zheng L, Wang X. Laser-assisted synthesis of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: a mini review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1195640. [PMID: 37179783 PMCID: PMC10167011 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1195640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted the researcher's interest in the field of flexible electronics due to their high mobility, tunable bandgaps, and mechanical flexibility. As an emerging technique, laser-assisted direct writing has been used for the synthesis of TMDCs due to its extremely high preparation accuracy, rich light-matter interaction mechanism, dynamic properties, fast preparation speed, and minimal thermal effects. Currently, this technology has been focused on the synthesis of 2D graphene, while there are few literatures that summarize the progress in direct laser writing technology in the synthesis of 2D TMDCs. Therefore, in this mini-review, the synthetic strategies of applying laser to the fabrication of 2D TMDCs have been briefly summarized and discussed, which are divided into top-down and bottom-up methods. The detailed fabrication steps, main characteristics, and mechanism of both methods are discussed. Finally, prospects and further opportunities in the booming field of laser-assisted synthesis of 2D TMDCs are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Manzhang Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongjia Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tong He
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo, China
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7
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Benini F, Bassoli N, Restuccia P, Ferrario M, Righi MC. Interaction of Water and Oxygen Molecules with Phosphorene: An Ab Initio Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083570. [PMID: 37110804 PMCID: PMC10141136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorene, the 2D form of black phosphorus, has recently attracted interest for optoelectronic and tribological applications. However, its promising properties are affected by the strong tendency of the layers to oxidize in ambient conditions. A significant effort has been made to identify the role of oxygen and water in the oxidation process. In this work, we introduce a first-principles study of the phosphorene phase diagram and provide a quantitative estimate of the interaction of pristine and fully oxidized phosphorene layers with oxygen and water molecules. Specifically, we study oxidized layers with oxygen coverages of 25% and 50% that keep the typical anisotropic structure of the layers. We found that hydroxilated and hydrogenated phosphorene layers are both energetically unfavorable, leading to structural distortions. We also studied the water physisorption on both pristine and oxidized layers, finding that the adsorption energy gain doubled on the oxidized layers, whereas dissociative chemisorption was always energetically unfavorable. At the same time, further oxidation (i.e., the dissociative chemisorption of O2) was always favorable, even on oxidized layers. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of water intercalated between sliding phosphorene layers showed that even under harsh tribological conditions water dissociation was not activated, thus further strengthening the results obtained from our static calculations. Overall, our results provide a quantitative description of the interaction of phosphorene with chemical species that are commonly found in ambient conditions at different concentrations. The phase diagram that we introduced confirms the tendency of phosphorene layers to fully oxidize due to the presence of O2, resulting in a material with improved hydrophilicity, a piece of information that is relevant for the application of phosphorene, e.g., as a solid lubricant. At the same time, the structural deformations found for the H- and OH- terminated layers undermine their electrical, mechanical, and tribological anisotropic properties and, therefore, the usage of phosphorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Benini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicolò Bassoli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Restuccia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Ferrario
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Marquis E, Benini F, Anasori B, Rosenkranz A, Righi MC. Effect of vacancies and edges in promoting water chemisorption on titanium-based MXenes. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 37005935 PMCID: PMC10067785 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) in technological applications greatly depends on their wettability. For instance, MXenes' layer stability against degradative oxidation is notably reduced when stored in aqueous solutions, leading to the transformation into oxides. In this work, we study water adsorption on Ti-based MXenes by ab initio calculations. The energy gains for the molecular adsorption on Tin+1XnT2 is evaluated as a function of the termination (T = F, O, OH, mixture), the carbon/nitrogen ratio (X = C, N), the layer thickness (n) and water coverage. MXenes' hydrophilicity tends to increase due to the presence of defects as vacancies and flake edges. We demonstrate that physical adsorption occurs through hydrogen bonding on both defect-free layers and layers containing C/N or Ti atomic vacancies, with -OH terminations providing the strongest interactions (0.40-0.65 eV). In contrast, strong water chemisorption is observed on surfaces with a single termination vacancy (0.60-1.20 eV), edges (0.75-0.85 eV), and clusters of defects (1.00-1.80 eV). We verified that the presence of undercoordinated Ti atoms on the surface is the key factor in promoting H2O chemisorption, i.e., the degradative oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Marquis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Benini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Babak Anasori
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, University of Chile, Avenida Beaucheff 851, 8370456, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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9
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Thi QH, Man P, Liu H, Huang L, Chen X, Lee CS, Zhao J, Deng Q, Saeed S, Ly TH. Ultrahigh Lubricity between Two-Dimensional Ice and Two-Dimensional Atomic Layers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1379-1385. [PMID: 36763496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and high humidity conditions significantly degrade the performance of solid-state lubricants consisting of van der Waals (vdW) atomic layers, owing to the liquid water layer attached/intercalated to the vdW layers, which greatly enhances the interlayer friction. However, using low temperature in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM), we unveil the unexpected ultralow friction between two-dimensional (2D) ice, a solid phase of water confined to the 2D space, and the 2D molybdenum disulfides (MoS2). The friction of MoS2 and 2D ice is reduced by more than 30% as compared to bare MoS2 and the rigid surface. The phase transition of liquid water into 2D ice under mechanical compression has also been observed. These new findings can be applied as novel frictionless water/ice transport technology in nanofluidic systems and promising high performance lubricants for operating in low temperature and high humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Huy Thi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ping Man
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Physics Department and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Saba Saeed
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
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10
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Rosenkranz A, Righi MC, Sumant AV, Anasori B, Mochalin VN. Perspectives of 2D MXene Tribology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207757. [PMID: 36538726 PMCID: PMC10198439 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The large and rapidly growing family of 2D early transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes) raises significant interest in the materials science and chemistry of materials communities. Discovered a little more than a decade ago, MXenes have already demonstrated outstanding potential in various applications ranging from energy storage to biology and medicine. The past two years have witnessed increased experimental and theoretical efforts toward studying MXenes' mechanical and tribological properties when used as lubricant additives, reinforcement phases in composites, or solid lubricant coatings. Although research on the understanding of the friction and wear performance of MXenes under dry and lubricated conditions is still in its early stages, it has experienced rapid growth due to the excellent mechanical properties and chemical reactivities offered by MXenes that make them adaptable to being combined with other materials, thus boosting their tribological performance. In this perspective, the most promising results in the area of MXene tribology are summarized, future important problems to be pursued further are outlined, and methodological recommendations that could be useful for experts as well as newcomers to MXenes research, in particular, to the emerging area of MXene tribology, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rosenkranz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, FCFM, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Anirudha V. Sumant
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Babak Anasori
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology and Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Vadym N. Mochalin
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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11
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Bobbitt NS, Chandross M. Interactions of Water with Pristine and Defective MoS 2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10419-10429. [PMID: 35981286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a lamellar solid lubricant often used in aerospace applications because of its extremely low friction coefficient (∼0.01) in inert environments. The lubrication performance of MoS2 is significantly impaired by exposure to even small amounts of water and oxygen, and the mechanisms behind this remain poorly understood. We use density functional theory calculations to study the binding of water on MoS2 sheets with and without defects. In general, we find that pristine MoS2 is slightly hydrophilic but that defects greatly increase the binding affinity for water. Intercalated water disrupts the crystal structure of bulk MoS2 due to the limited space between lamellae (∼3.4 Å), and this leads to generally unfavorable adsorption, except in the cases where water molecules are located on the sites of sulfur vacancies. We also find that water adsorption is more favorable directly below a surface layer of MoS2 compared to in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Scott Bobbitt
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Michael Chandross
- Material, Physical, and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
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12
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Luo C, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Sun J, Qian L, Chen L. Role of Interfacial Bonding in Tribochemical Wear. Front Chem 2022; 10:852371. [PMID: 35464217 PMCID: PMC9019232 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.852371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribochemical wear of contact materials is an important issue in science and engineering. Understanding the mechanisms of tribochemical wear at an atomic scale is favorable to avoid device failure, improve the durability of materials, and even achieve ultra-precision manufacturing. Hence, this article reviews some of the latest developments of tribochemical wear of typical materials at micro/nano-scale that are commonly used as solid lubricants, tribo-elements, or structural materials of the micro-electromechanical devices, focusing on their universal mechanisms based on the studies from experiments and numerical simulations. Particular focus is given to the fact that the friction-induced formation of interfacial bonding plays a critical role in the wear of frictional systems at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Luo
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangqin Liu
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhui Sun
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junhui Sun, ; Lei Chen,
| | - Linmao Qian
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Technology and Equipment of Rail Transit Operation and Maintenance Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- Technology and Equipment of Rail Transit Operation and Maintenance Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Junhui Sun, ; Lei Chen,
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13
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Claerbout VEP, Nicolini P, Polcar T. Exploring Nanoscale Lubrication Mechanisms of Multilayer MoS 2 During Sliding: The Effect of Humidity. Front Chem 2021; 9:684441. [PMID: 34249859 PMCID: PMC8265273 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.684441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lubricants have received substantial attention due to their excellent frictional properties. Among others, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most studied lubricants. Humidity results in a deterioration of the frictional properties of MoS2. The actual mechanism at the nanoscale is still under debate, although there are indications that chemical reactions are not likely to occur in defect-free structures. In this study, we performed nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the frictional properties of multilayer MoS2 during sliding in the presence of water. Moreover, we also investigated the effect of sliding speed and normal load. We confirmed earlier results that a thin layer of water organizes as a solidified, ice-like network of hydrogen bonds as a result of being confined in a two-dimensional fashion between MoS2. Moreover, we found that there exists an energy-driven, rotational dependence of the water network atop/beneath MoS2. This orientational anisotropy is directly related to the dissipative character of MoS2 during sliding. Finally, three distinct frictional regimes were identified, two for a thin layer of water and one for bulk water. In the case of a thin layer and low coverage, water represents a solid-like contaminant, causing high energy dissipation. For a thin layer and high coverage, water starts to act as a solid-like lubricant, reducing dissipation during sliding. Finally, a regime where water acts as a liquid lubricant, characterized by a clear velocity dependence was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E P Claerbout
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Paolo Nicolini
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Polcar
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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14
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Zhai X, Zhang R, Sheng H, Wang J, Zhu Y, Lu Z, Li Z, Huang X, Li H, Lu G. Direct Observation of the Light-Induced Exfoliation of Molybdenum Disulfide Sheets in Water Medium. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5661-5670. [PMID: 33691064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single and a few atomic-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising material in the fields of hydrogen generation, battery, supercapacitor, and environmental protection, owing to the outstanding electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. Although many approaches have been developed for exfoliation of MoS2 sheets, it is still essential to develop simple, convenient, and environmental friendly exfoliation methods. More importantly, the microscopic exfoliation process and the mechanism are still not clear, limiting a deeper understanding of the exfoliation. Herein, we develop a convenient and clean method for exfoliation of the 2H phase MoS2 (2H-MoS2) deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. Importantly, the exfoliation process is observed directly and continuously under an optical microscope to reveal the detailed exfoliation process and mechanism. As illustrated, the light illumination triggers the exfoliation of the 2H-MoS2 sheets, and the presence of water is essential in this exfoliation process. The light intensity and wavelength, humidity, and bias all affect the exfoliation process obviously. The exfoliation is caused by the vaporization of the water molecules intercalated in 2H-MoS2 interlayers. By using this method, 2H-MoS2 nanosheets with different thicknesses are prepared on the ITO substrate, and microscopic catalysis mapping of the exfoliated sheets is demonstrated with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, revealing that the prepared thin-layer 2H-MoS2 nanosheets show improved electrocatalysis activity (roughly 20 times). Our work will not only help deepen the understanding of exfoliation process of two-dimensional nanosheets but also provide an effective tool for the in situ study of various properties of the exfoliated sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Renxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huixiang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yameng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zichen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhuoyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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15
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Wu S, He F, Xie G, Bian Z, Ren Y, Liu X, Yang H, Guo D, Zhang L, Wen S, Luo J. Super-Slippery Degraded Black Phosphorus/Silicon Dioxide Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7717-7726. [PMID: 31944101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interfaces between two-dimensional (2D) materials and the silicon dioxide (SiO2)/silicon (Si) substrate, generally considered as a solid-solid mechanical contact, have been especially emphasized for the structure design and the property optimization in microsystems and nanoengineering. The basic understanding of the interfacial structure and dynamics for 2D material-based systems still remains one of the inevitable challenges ahead. Here, an interfacial mobile water layer is indicated to insert into the interface of the degraded black phosphorus (BP) flake and the SiO2/Si substrate owing to the induced hydroxyl groups during the ambient degradation. A super-slippery degraded BP/SiO2 interface was observed with the interfacial shear stress (ISS) experimentally evaluated as low as 0.029 ± 0.004 MPa, being comparable to the ISS values of incommensurate rigid crystalline contacts. In-depth investigation of the interfacial structure through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling revealed that the interfacial liquid water was responsible for the super-slippery BP/SiO2 interface with extremely low shear stress. This finding clarifies the strong interactions between degraded BP and water molecules, which supports the potential wider applications of the few-layer BP nanomaterial in biological lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Guoxin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhengliang Bian
- Department of Engineering Mechanics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yilong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Dan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shizhu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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16
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Borovsky BP, Garabedian NT, McAndrews GR, Wieser RJ, Burris DL. Integrated QCM-Microtribometry: Friction of Single-Crystal MoS 2 and Gold from μm/s to m/s. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40961-40969. [PMID: 31604008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two opposing microtribometry approaches have been developed over the past decade to help connect the dots between fundamental and practical tribology measurements: spring-based (e.g., AFM) approaches use low speed, low stiffness, and long relative slip length to quantify friction, while quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based approaches use high speed, high stiffness, and short relative slip length. Because the friction forces generated in these experiments are attributed to entirely different phenomena, it is unclear if or how the resulting friction forces are related. This study aims to resolve this uncertainty by integrating these distinct techniques into a single apparatus that allows two independent measurements of friction at a single interface. Alumina microspheres were tested against single-crystal MoS2, a model nominally wear-free solid lubricant, and gold, a model metal control, at loads between 0.01 and 1 mN. The combined results from both measurement approaches gave friction coefficients (mean ± standard error) of 0.087 ± 0.007 and 0.27 ± 0.02 for alumina-MoS2 and alumina-gold, respectively. The observed agreement between these methods for two different material systems suggests that friction in microscale contacts can be far less sensitive to external effects from compliance and slip speed than currently thought. Perhaps more importantly, this Article describes and validates a novel approach to closing the "tribology gap" while demonstrating how integration creates new opportunities for fundamental studies of practical friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Borovsky
- Department of Physics , St. Olaf College , Northfield , Minnesota 55057 , United States
| | - N T Garabedian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - G R McAndrews
- Department of Physics , St. Olaf College , Northfield , Minnesota 55057 , United States
| | - R J Wieser
- Department of Physics , St. Olaf College , Northfield , Minnesota 55057 , United States
| | - D L Burris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
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17
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Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most broadly utilized solid lubricants with a wide range of applications, including but not limited to those in the aerospace/space industry. Here we present a focused review of solid lubrication with MoS2 by highlighting its structure, synthesis, applications and the fundamental mechanisms underlying its lubricative properties, together with a discussion of their environmental and temperature dependence. The review also includes an extensive overview of the structure and tribological properties of doped MoS2, followed by a discussion of potential future research directions.
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18
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Lin H, Rauf A, Severin N, Sokolov IM, Rabe JP. Influence of interface hydration on sliding of graphene and molybdenum-disulfide single-layers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 540:142-147. [PMID: 30639661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Humidity influences friction in layered materials in peculiar ways. For example, while water improves the lubricating properties of graphite, it deteriorates those of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The reasons remain debated, not the least due to the difficulty in experimentally comparing dry and hydrated interface frictions. Here we show that the hydration of interfaces between a mica substrate and single-layers of graphene and MoS2 with a molecularly thin water layer affects strain transfer from the substrate to the 2D materials. For this, we strain the substrate and detect strain in graphene and MoS2 by changes in Raman and photoluminescence spectra, respectively. Strain relaxation in graphene changes from stick-slip in dry contact, to viscous when hydrated. In contrast, there is no viscous relaxation in MoS2 regardless of hydration. Our work provides a novel approach for better understanding the impact of hydration on friction in layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Lin
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Severin
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Igor M Sokolov
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen P Rabe
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Foroutan M, Fatemi SM, Darvishi M. Formation and stability of water clusters at the molybdenum disulfide interface: a molecular dynamics simulation investigation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:415001. [PMID: 30187890 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aadf51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work structural properties and dynamic behavior of a water nano droplet on the molybdenum disulfide were considered. The simulation results show that water molecules form polygon clusters on the interface, and most of which are hexagonal. Structures of water clusters at the interface are seen in two forms of curved and flattened polygons, which result in the formation of hydrogen bonds between and in the adjacent layers, respectively. Most of the clusters have circular flattened structures. Calculations of the lifetime of hydrogen bonds of water molecules at the interface also show that hydrogen bonds between water molecules at the interface have a low stability. This leads to the permanent formation and breaking down of hydrogen bonds of water molecules which can cause movement of water molecules and, consequently, the displacement of the center of mass and droplet motion. Considering the changes in the center of mass of a water droplet at the MoS2 interface display, the water droplet has a significant spontaneous motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Foroutan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Wu S, He F, Xie G, Bian Z, Luo J, Wen S. Black Phosphorus: Degradation Favors Lubrication. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:5618-5627. [PMID: 30067373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to its innate instability, the degradation of black phosphorus (BP) with oxygen and moisture was considered the obstacle for its application in ambient conditions. Here, a friction force reduced by about 50% at the degraded area of the BP nanosheets was expressly observed using atomic force microscopy due to the produced phosphorus oxides during degradation. Energy-dispersive spectrometer mapping analyses corroborated the localized concentration of oxygen on the degraded BP flake surface where friction reduction was observed. Water absorption was discovered to be essential for the degraded characteristic as well as the friction reduction behavior of BP sheets. The combination of water molecules as well as the resulting chemical groups (P-OH bonds) that are formed on the oxidized surface may account for the friction reduction of degraded BP flakes. It is indicated that, besides its layered structure, the ambient degradation of BP significantly favors its lubrication behavior.
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21
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Liu L, Zhou M, Li X, Jin L, Su G, Mo Y, Li L, Zhu H, Tian Y. Research Progress in Application of 2D Materials in Liquid-Phase Lubrication System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1314. [PMID: 30061482 PMCID: PMC6117646 DOI: 10.3390/ma11081314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are ultra-thin crystals with layered structures that have a monolayer and multiple layers of atomic thickness. Due to excellent performance, 2D materials represented by graphene have caused great interest from researchers in various fields, such as nano-electronics, sensors, solar cells, composite materials, and so on. In recent years, when graphite was used for liquid phase lubrication, there have been many disadvantages limiting its lubrication properties, such as stable dispersion, fluidity and so on. Therefore, 2D materials have been used as high-performance liquid-phase lubricant additives, which become a perfect entry point for high-performance nano-lubricants and lubrication applications. This review describes the application of 2D materials as additives in the field of liquid-phase lubrication (such as lubricating oil and water lubrication) in terms of experimental content, lubrication performance, and lubrication mechanism. Finally, the challenges and prospects of 2D materials in the lubrication field were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincong Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Ming Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Chengdu Carbon Co., Ltd., No.88 South2 Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Chengdu 610100, China.
| | - Long Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Guoshi Su
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Youtang Mo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Liangchuan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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22
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Baloglou A, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Gas-Phase Reactivity Studies of Small Molybdenum Cluster Ions with Dimethyl Disulfide. Top Catal 2018; 61:20-27. [PMID: 31258300 PMCID: PMC6566215 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0864-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum sulfide is a potent hydrogen evolution catalyst, and is discussed as a replacement of platinum in large-scale electrochemical hydrogen production. To learn more about the elementary steps of MoS2 production by sputtering in the presence of dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), the reactions of Mox+, x = 1–3, with DMDS are studied by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. A rich variety of products composed of molybdenum, sulfur, carbon and hydrogen was observed. MoxSy+ species are formed in the first reaction step, together with products containing carbon and hydrogen. The calculations indicate that the strong Mo-S bonds are formed preferentially, followed by Mo–C bonds. Hydrogen is exclusively bound to carbon atoms, i.e. no insertion of a molybdenum atom into a C–H bond is observed. The reactions are efficient and highly exothermic, explaining the rich chemistry observed in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Baloglou
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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