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Hou Y, Ma H, Li J, Li S, Wang JC, Qu LB, Lou T, Cui CX. Visible-Light-Driven Reduction of CO 2 to CO with Highly Active and Selective Earth-Abundant Metal Porphyrin-Conjugated Organic Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16113-16120. [PMID: 39051840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The field of artificial photosynthesis, which focuses on harnessing solar light for the conversion of CO2 to economically valuable chemical products, remains a captivating area of research. In this study, we developed a series of photocatalysts based on Earth abundant elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) incorporated into 2D metalloporphyrin-conjugated organic polymers known as MTBPP-BEPA-COPs. These photocatalysts were utilized for the photoreduction of CO2 employing only H2O as the electron donor, without the need for any sacrificial agents or precious-metal cocatalysts. Remarkably, all of the synthesized MTBPP-BEPA-COPs exhibited an exceptional CO2 photoreduction performance only irradiated by visible light. Particularly, upon optimizing the metal ion coordinated with porphyrin units, ZnTBPP-BEPA-COP outperformed the other MTBPP-BEPA-COPs in terms of photocatalytic activity, achieving an impressive CO reduction yield of 152.18 μmol g-1 after just 4 h of irradiation. The electrostatic potential surfaces calculated by density functional theory suggest the potential involvement of metal centers as binding and catalytic sites for the binding of CO2. The calculated adsorption energy of CO2 with ZnTBPP-BEPA-COP exhibited one of the two smallest values. This may be the reason for the excellent catalytic effect of ZnTBPP-BEPA-COP. Thus, the present study not only demonstrates the potential of porphyrin-based conjugated polymers as highly efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction but also offers valuable insights into the rational design of such materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Haizeng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, PR China
| | - Suhong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Ji-Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Tianjun Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
- Institute of Intelligent Innovation, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 451162, PR China
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Zheng Y, Zhong B, Ji W, Wei S, Liu X, Fu M, Wang Z, Wang L. Guiding the Formation of Metal-Organic Structures of 1,4-Diaminoanthraquinone through Surface-Based Cu Atoms. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4845-4851. [PMID: 38373703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The gradual guidance of the formation of metal-organic structures through surface-based Cu atoms for 1,4-diaminoanthraquinones (DAQs) has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at room temperature. On the Ag(110) surface, the transition from a hydrogen-bond network structure to metal-organic coordination structures of DAQs can be induced by introducing foreign copper atoms. Due to the weak interaction between DAQs and Ag(110), thermal treatment easily leads to the desorption of DAQs from the surface. To address this challenge, Cu(111) is selected as the substrate. Under thermal driving and in the presence of copper adatoms, the hydrogen-bond network structure of DAQs on the surface gradually undergoes a transition into a metal-coordinated structure, eventually leading to the formation of metal-organic complexes through amino dehydrogenation. It is demonstrated that the construction of a metal-organic coordination structure on metal surfaces is a result of the competition among factors such as metal atoms, functional groups of molecules, surface chemical activity, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zheng
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Binghuang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Wenjie Ji
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mingming Fu
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhongping Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Xu J, Xing S, Hu J, Shi Z. Stepwise on-surface synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoribbons. Commun Chem 2024; 7:40. [PMID: 38402282 PMCID: PMC10894233 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of carbon-based nanostructures with well-defined structural and chemical properties is of significance towards organic nanomaterials, but remains challenging. Herein, we report on a synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoribbons through a stepwise on-surface polymerization. Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed that the selectivity in molecular conformation, intermolecular debrominative aryl-aryl coupling and inter-chain dehydrogenative cross-coupling determined the well-defined topology and chemistry of the final products. Density functional theory calculations predict that the ribbons are semiconductors, and the band gap can be tuned by the width of the ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shuaipeng Xing
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315112, China.
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Xiong J, Qin T, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Zhu J. On-Surface Synthesis of Novel Kagome Lattices Coordinated via Four-Fold N-Ag Bonding. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9787-9792. [PMID: 37883195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The Kagome lattice structures based on metal-organic coordination have garnered widespread interest because of their topologically Dirac/flat bands and other exotic electronic structures. However, the experimental fabrication of large-area two-dimensional (2D) Kagome lattice structures of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via on-surface synthesis remains limited. Herein, we successfully construct two kinds of large-scale 2D Kagome-type lattices stabilized by 4-fold N-Ag coordination on the Ag(111) surface. With the aid of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES), we clearly elucidate the reaction pathway and mechanism of fabrication of the two Kagome lattices. This work provides a novel platform for investigating related intriguing physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
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Wang T, Fan Q, Zhu J. Steering On-Surface Reactions by Kinetic and Thermodynamic Strategies. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2251-2262. [PMID: 36821589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful tool to fabricate various functional low-dimensional nanostructures with atomic precision, thus becoming a promising platform for the preparation of next-generation semiconductive, magnetic, and topological nanodevices. With the aid of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and noncontact atomic force microscopy, both the chemical structures and physical properties of the obtained products can be well characterized. A major challenge in this field is how to efficiently steer reaction pathways and improve the yield/quality of products. To address this problem, in recent years various kinetic and thermodynamic strategies have been successfully employed to control on-surface reactions. In this Perspective, we discuss these strategies in view of basic reaction steps on surfaces, including molecular adsorption, diffusion, and reaction. We hope this Perspective will help readers to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of on-surface reactions and rationally design reaction procedures for the fabrication of high-quality functional nanomaterials on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Qitang Fan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P. R. China
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Han D, Zhu J. Surface-assisted fabrication of low-dimensional carbon-based nanoarchitectures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:343001. [PMID: 34111858 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0a1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis, as an alternative to traditional in-solution synthesis, has become an emerging research field and attracted extensive attention over the past decade due to its ability to fabricate nanoarchitectures with exotic properties. Compared to wet chemistry, the on-surface synthesis conducted on atomically flat solid surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum exhibits unprecedented characteristics and advantages, opening novel reaction pathways for chemical synthesis. Various low-dimensional nanostructures have been fabricated on solid surfaces (mostly metal surfaces) based on this newly developed approach. This paper reviews the classic and latest works regarding carbon-based low-dimensional nanostructures since the arrival of on-surface synthesis era. These nanostructures are categorized into zero-, one- and two-dimensional classes and each class is composed of numerous sub-nanostructures. For certain specific nanostructures, comprehensive reports are given, including precursor design, substrate choice, synthetic strategies and so forth. We hope that our review will shed light on the fabrication of some significant nanostructures in this young and promising scientific area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, People's Republic of China
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Fan C, Sun B, Li Z, Shi J, Lin T, Fan J, Shi Z. On-Surface Synthesis of Giant Conjugated Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13896-13899. [PMID: 33851507 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have achieved an on-surface synthesis of giant conjugated macrocycles having a diameter of ≈7 nm and consisting of up to 30 subunits. The synthesis started with a debrominative coupling of the molecular precursors on a hot Ag(111) surface, leading to the formation of arched oligomeric chains and macrocycles. These products were revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy in combination with density functional theory to be covalent oligomers. These intermediates also display C-Ag organometallic bonds between parallel molecular subunits due to site-selective debromination and the asymmetric molecular conformation. Subsequent cyclodehydrogenation at higher temperatures steered the final conjugation of the macrocycles. Our findings provide a novel design strategy toward π-conjugated macrocycles and open up new opportunities for the precise synthesis of organic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunrui Fan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Bangjin Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhanbo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physics and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Fan C, Sun B, Li Z, Shi J, Lin T, Fan J, Shi Z. On‐Surface Synthesis of Giant Conjugated Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cunrui Fan
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research School of Physics and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Bangjin Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhanbo Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Jiwei Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research School of Physics and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of New Materials and New Energies Shenzhen Technology University Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Jian Fan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research School of Physics and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215006 China
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