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Zhang CP, Zhu YJ, Wang D, Qian J, Zhao YP, Lian C, Zhang ZH, He MY, Chen SC, Chen Q. Ligand-Mediated Regulation of the Chemical/Thermal Stability and Catalytic Performance of Isostructural Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17678-17690. [PMID: 37856236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the chemical/thermal stability and catalytic activity of coordination polymers (CPs) to achieve high catalytic performance is topical and challenging. The CPs are competent in promoting oxidative cross-coupling, yet they have not received substantial attention. Here, the ligand effect of the secondary ligand of CPs for oxidative cross-coupling reactions was investigated. Specifically, four new isostructural CPs [Co(Fbtx)1.5(4-R-1,2-BDC)]n (denoted as Co-CP-R, Fbtx = 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene, 4-R-1,2-BDC = 4-R-1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, R = F, Cl, Br, CF3) were prepared. It was found that in the reactions of oxidative amination of benzoxazoles with secondary amines and the oxidative coupling of styrenes with benzaldehydes, both the chemical and thermal stabilities of the four Co-CPs with the R group followed the trend of -CF3 > -Br > -Cl > -F. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the difference in reactivity may be ascribed to the effect of substituent groups on the electron transition energy of the cobalt(II) center of these Co-CPs. These findings highlight the secondary ligand effect in regulating the stability and catalytic performance of coordination networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Engineering, Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Pei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lian
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yang He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Chun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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2
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Xu X, Zheng W, Ren L, Jiao P. Thermodynamic and Kinetic Studies on Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Couplings of N-aryl Glycine Esters with Phenols. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wenrui Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lufei Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular noncoding RNA, Institute for Frontier Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
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3
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Camats M, Favier I, Mallet-Ladeira S, Pla D, Gómez M. Understanding Cu(II)-based systems for C(sp 3)-H bond functionalization: insights into the synthesis of aza-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:219-227. [PMID: 34878447 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine heterocycles via a Cu(II)-mediated functionalization of α'-C(sp3)-H bonds of pyridinylaldimines and subsequent cyclization. This strategy exploits the inherent directing ability of heteroleptic aldimine and pyridine groups in the substrate yielding the C-H functionalization of α'-methylene groups in a regioselective fashion over distant methyl or methylene groups in β or γ positions. The observed correlation between the nature of the anionic ligands (halide vs. carboxylate) bonded to copper and the chemoselectivity of the C(sp3)-H activation process points to a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway prior to cyclization to furnish the corresponding imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine derivative. This copper-mediated C(sp3)-H bond functionalization reaction works for a variety of substrates incorporating linear alkyl chains (from 3 to 12 carbon atoms), and good functional group tolerance (aryl, ether and ester groups). Cu-Catalyzed C(sp2)-H cyanation on the imidazole ring can then take place selectively under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Camats
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Isabelle Favier
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Sonia Mallet-Ladeira
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse, CNRS UAR 2599, 118 Route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31062 Cedex 09, France
| | - Daniel Pla
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
| | - Montserrat Gómez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, CNRS UMR 5069, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
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4
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Andrade-Sampedro P, Correa A, Matxain JM. On the Mechanism of Cross-Dehydrogenative Couplings between N-aryl Glycinates and Indoles: A Computational Study. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13133-13140. [PMID: 32940464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of cross-dehydrogenative couplings in modern organic synthesis, mechanistic studies are still rare in the literature and those applied to α-amino carbonyl compounds remain virtually unexplored. Herein, the mechanism of Co-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative couplings of N-aryl glycinates with indoles is described. Density functional theory studies supported the formation of an imine-type intermediate as the more plausible transient electrophilic species. Likewise, key information regarding the role of the N-aryl group and free NH motif within the reaction outcome has been gained, which may set the stage for further developments in this field of expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Andrade-Sampedro
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jon M Matxain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Li XT, Lv L, Wang T, Gu QS, Xu GX, Li ZL, Ye L, Zhang X, Cheng GJ, Liu XY. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Catalytic Radical Oxysulfonylation of Alkenes in β,γ-Unsaturated Ketoximes. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Hesabi N, Ebrahimi A. The electrochemical properties and PIM1 kinase enzyme inhibition of some 2-(hydroxy phenyl amino) naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Boess E, Van Hoof M, Birdsall SL, Klussmann M. Investigating the Oxidation Step in the CuCl2-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling Reaction of N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1972-1980. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Max Van Hoof
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sarah Luna Birdsall
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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8
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Zhang Q, Wang T, Zhang X, Tong S, Wu YD, Wang MX. Radical Reactivity, Catalysis, and Reaction Mechanism of Arylcopper(II) Compounds: The Missing Link in Organocopper Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18341-18348. [PMID: 31621320 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Organocopper(I) compounds are recognized as carbon nucleophiles, while organocopper(III) complexes are involved in copper catalysis as intermediates to undergo a cross-coupling reaction with various anionic nucleophiles. In contrast to the chemistry of organocopper(I) and (III) compounds, organocopper(II) chemistry is virtually a missing link in integral organocopper chemistry because structurally well-defined organocopper(II) compounds have barely been isolated or studied. We report in this Article an investigation of the radical reactions of stable and structurally well-defined arylcopper(II) compounds, obtained readily from the arene C-H bond reaction of macrocyclic azacalix[1]arene[3]pyridines and Cu(ClO4)2. We have found that arylcopper(II) compounds acted as essentially radical species to undergo an efficient three-component reaction with radical initiators 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) or 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (ABVN) and α,β-unsaturated compounds CH2═CHX (X = CO2CH3, CN, CONH2, COCH3, and SO2Ph) to afford polyfunctionalized products. Combined experimental and theoretical studies revealed that radicals couple directly with the Caryl atom of arylcopper(II) compounds to form Calkyl-Caryl bonds through a Cu(II)/Cu(I) mechanism. Comprehension of the formation and radical reactivity of arylcopper(II) compounds has allowed the development of a copper-catalyzed three-component radical reaction for arene C-H bond functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics , Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055 , China.,College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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9
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Complexes of damirone A/C, batzelline A/D, makaluvamine O and makaluvone with guanidinium and magnesium cations: a theoretical study. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Morgante P, Dughera S, Ghigo G. Aerobic CuCl2-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Tertiary Amines. A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2796-2814. [PMID: 30862163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Morgante
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ghigo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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11
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Copper catalysed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction of 4-thiazolidinone with terminal alkyne. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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San Segundo M, Correa A. Site-Selective Cu-Catalyzed Alkylation of α-Amino Acids and Peptides toward the Assembly of Quaternary Centers. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3893-3898. [PMID: 30320455 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The CuI -catalyzed selective α-alkylation of α-amino acid and peptide derivatives with 2-alkyl-1,3-dioxolanes is reported. This oxidative coupling is distinguished by its site-specificity, high diastereoselectivity, and chirality preservation and exhibits absolute chemoselectivity for N-aryl glycine motifs over other amino acid units. Collectively, the method allows for the assembly of challenging quaternary centers, as well as compounds derived from natural products of high structural complexity, which may provide ample opportunities for late-stage functionalization of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos San Segundo
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Correa
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Department of Organic Chemistry I, Joxe Mari Korta R&D Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Jia F, Yin C, Zeng Y, Sun R, Ge YC, Xu D, Li R, Chen H, Zhang C, Fu H. Mechanism of Direct C–H Arylation of Pyridine via a Transient Activator Strategy: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10389-10397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637007, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Cen Ge
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | | | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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14
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Hou H, Zhu S, Atodiresei I, Rueping M. Asymmetric Organocatalysis and Photoredox Catalysis for the α-Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinolines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering; Yangzhou University; 225009 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Iuliana Atodiresei
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- KAUST; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); 6900 Catalysis Center (KCC) Saudi Arabia
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15
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Willms JA, Gleich H, Schrempp M, Menche D, Engeser M. Investigations of the Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Diethylzinc by a Combination of Mass Spectrometric and Electrochemical Methods. Chemistry 2018; 24:2663-2668. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Alexander Willms
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Hermann Gleich
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Schrempp
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Marianne Engeser
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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16
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Jia F, Luo J, Zhang B. Using a traceless directing group for the silver-mediated synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles: a computational study on the mechanism and origins of regioselectivity. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The silver-mediated one-pot synthesis of 3-trifluoromethylpyrazoles using a traceless directing group was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- North Sichuan Medical College
- Nanchong
- P. R. China
| | - Jiewei Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- North Sichuan Medical College
- Nanchong
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- North Sichuan Medical College
- Nanchong
- P. R. China
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17
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Zhu L, Ye JH, Duan M, Qi X, Yu DG, Bai R, Lan Y. The mechanism of copper-catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylation of allylamines with CO2: a computational study. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel Cu(i)–Cu(ii) catalytic cycle for the copper-catalyzed oxytrifluoromethylation of allylamines with CO2, which proceeds through a radical–radical cross-coupling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Jian-Heng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Meng Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
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18
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Zhang M, Zhang M, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhang K, Wang C, Zhao X, Zhou C, Gao J, Xie X, Zheng D, Zhao G. DFT/TDDFT theoretical investigation on the excited-state intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions, photoinduced charge transfer, and vibrational spectroscopic properties of deprotonated deoxyadenosine monophosphate [dAMP-H] − anion in aqueous solution: Upon photoexcitation of hydrogen-bonded model complexes [dAMP-H] − –nH 2 O ( n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Qi X, Zhu L, Bai R, Lan Y. Stabilization of Two Radicals with One Metal: A Stepwise Coupling Model for Copper-Catalyzed Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43579. [PMID: 28272407 PMCID: PMC5341085 DOI: 10.1038/srep43579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed radical-radical cross-coupling reactions provide innovative methods for C-C and C-heteroatom bond construction. A theoretical study was performed to reveal the mechanism and selectivity of the copper-catalyzed C-N radical-radical cross-coupling reaction. The concerted coupling pathway, in which a C-N bond is formed through the direct nucleophilic addition of a carbon radical to the nitrogen atom of the Cu(II)-N species, is demonstrated to be kinetically unfavorable. The stepwise coupling pathway, which involves the combination of a carbon radical with a Cu(II)-N species before C-N bond formation, is shown to be probable. Both the Mulliken atomic spin density distribution and frontier molecular orbital analysis on the Cu(II)-N intermediate show that the Cu site is more reactive than that of N; thus, the carbon radical preferentially react with the metal center. The chemoselectivity of the cross-coupling is also explained by the differences in electron compatibility of the carbon radical, the nitrogen radical and the Cu(II)-N intermediate. The higher activation free energy for N-N radical-radical homo-coupling is attributed to the mismatch of Cu(II)-N species with the nitrogen radical because the electrophilicity for both is strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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20
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Liu Y, Wang C, Xue D, Xiao M, Li C, Xiao J. Reactions Catalysed by a Binuclear Copper Complex: Aerobic Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of N
-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Chemistry 2017; 23:3051-3061. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Miao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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21
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Ceyhan S, Cetinkaya Y, Akdag A, Balci M. Regioselectivity observed in manganese(III) acetate mediated addition of acetylacetone to various alkenes: mechanistic and theoretical studies. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Maaliki C, Thiery E, Thibonnet J. Emergence of Copper-Mediated Formation of C-C Bonds. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carine Maaliki
- Université François-Rabelais; ISP-UMR 1282; UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc Grandmont 37000 Tours France
| | - Emilie Thiery
- Université François-Rabelais; ISP-UMR 1282; UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc Grandmont 37000 Tours France
| | - Jérôme Thibonnet
- Université François-Rabelais; ISP-UMR 1282; UFR Sciences et Techniques; Parc Grandmont 37000 Tours France
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23
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Boess E, Wolf LM, Malakar S, Salamone M, Bietti M, Thiel W, Klussmann M. Competitive Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Oxyl- and Peroxyl Radicals in the Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines Using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Boess
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Larry M. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Santanu Malakar
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di
Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di
Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Martin Klussmann
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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24
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Cai Y, Zhang S, Xue Y, Jiang J, Chen ZX. Density Functional and Kinetic Monte Carlo Study of Cu-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Thiazoles with THF. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1806-12. [PMID: 26796292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction of thiazoles with THF has been studied with the density functional theory method and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. Our results show that the previously proposed concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism is unfavorable. On the basis of the DFT calculation and kMC simulation results, a new mechanism is proposed. In the favorable mechanism, the Cu(II) catalyst first combines with the thiazoles, forming an organocopper species that then binds to the THF radical. The rate-limiting step, C-C bond formation, is realized through an intramolecular structural rearrangement. The Cu catalyst works as a matchmaker to render the C-C bond formation. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that one should be careful with the conclusions drawn simply from the calculated barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Cai
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Sheng'en Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yunsheng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College , No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, P. R. China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Center for Multimolecular Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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25
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Qi X, Bai R, Zhu L, Jin R, Lei A, Lan Y. Mechanism of Synergistic Cu(II)/Cu(I)-Mediated Alkyne Coupling: Dinuclear 1,2-Reductive Elimination after Minimum Energy Crossing Point. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1654-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Qi
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College
of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Wu JJ, Li Y, Zhou HY, Wen AH, Lun CC, Yao SY, Ke Z, Ye BH. Copper-Catalyzed Carbamoylation of Terminal Alkynes with Formamides via Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ji Wu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yinwu Li
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hai-Yun Zhou
- Instrumental
Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang Xilu
135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - A-Hao Wen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chu-Chu Lun
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Su-Yang Yao
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xigang
Xilu 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
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27
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Alonso F, Arroyo A, Martín-García I, Moglie Y. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines and Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Copper Nanoparticles on Zeolite. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Wang T, Schrempp M, Berndhäuser A, Schiemann O, Menche D. Efficient and General Aerobic Oxidative Cross-Coupling of THIQs with Organozinc Reagents Catalyzed by CuCl2: Proof of a Radical Intermediate. Org Lett 2015; 17:3982-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Kekulé-Intitute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse
1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Schrempp
- Kekulé-Intitute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse
1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Berndhäuser
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse
12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse
12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Intitute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse
1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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29
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Cheng GJ, Zhang X, Chung LW, Xu L, Wu YD. Computational organic chemistry: bridging theory and experiment in establishing the mechanisms of chemical reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1706-25. [PMID: 25568962 DOI: 10.1021/ja5112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of chemical reactions, especially catalysis, has been an important and active area of computational organic chemistry, and close collaborations between experimentalists and theorists represent a growing trend. This Perspective provides examples of such productive collaborations. The understanding of various reaction mechanisms and the insight gained from these studies are emphasized. The applications of various experimental techniques in elucidation of reaction details as well as the development of various computational techniques to meet the demand of emerging synthetic methods, e.g., C-H activation, organocatalysis, and single electron transfer, are presented along with some conventional developments of mechanistic aspects. Examples of applications are selected to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of these techniques. Some challenges in the mechanistic studies and predictions of reactions are also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Juan Cheng
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Shenzhen 518055, China
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30
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Wang B, Fu Y, Yu HZ, Shi J. Density Functional Theory Calculations on Ni—Ligand Bond Dissociation Enthalpies. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/27/06/640-646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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31
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Scott M, Sud A, Boess E, Klussmann M. Reaction progress kinetic analysis of a copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling reaction with N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline. J Org Chem 2014; 79:12033-40. [PMID: 25203932 DOI: 10.1021/jo5018876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results from a kinetic investigation of a Cu-catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction between N-phenyl tetrahydroisoquinoline and a silyl enol ether using elemental oxygen as oxidant are presented. By using reaction progress kinetic analysis as an evaluation method for the obtained data, we discovered information regarding the reaction order of the substrates and catalysts. Based on this information and some additional experiments, a refined model for the initial oxidative activation of the amine substrate and the activation of the nucleophile by the catalyst was developed. The mechanistic information also helped to understand why silyl nucleophiles have previously failed in a related Cu-catalyzed reaction using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant and how to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Scott
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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32
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Zhou F, Cheng GJ, Yang W, Long Y, Zhang S, Wu YD, Zhang X, Cai Q. Enantioselective Formation of Cyano-Bearing All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters: Desymmetrization by Copper-Catalyzed N-Arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201405575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Zhou F, Cheng GJ, Yang W, Long Y, Zhang S, Wu YD, Zhang X, Cai Q. Enantioselective formation of cyano-bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters: desymmetrization by copper-catalyzed N-arylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9555-9. [PMID: 25045110 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201405575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective construction of all-carbon quaternary stereocenters is one of the most challenging fields in asymmetric synthesis. An asymmetric desymmetrization strategy offers an indirect and efficient method for the formation of all-carbon stereocenters. An enantioselective formation of cyano-bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters in 1,2,3,4,-tetrahydroquinolines and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azepines by copper-catalyzed desymmetric N-arylation is demonstrated. The cyano group at the prochiral center plays a key role for the high enantioselectivity and works as an important functional group for further transformations. DFT studies provide a model which successfully accounts for the origin of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtao Zhou
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GIBH), No.190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530 (China); Current Address: Molecular Catalyst Research Center, Chubu University, Aichi, 487-8501 (Japan)
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34
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Gulzar N, Schweitzer-Chaput B, Klussmann M. Oxidative coupling reactions for the functionalisation of C–H bonds using oxygen. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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35
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Tsipis AC. DFT/TDDFT insights into the chemistry, biochemistry and photophysics of copper coordination compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Highlighting the recent progress in DFT/TDDFT application to coordination chemistry of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C. Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ioannina
- 451 10 Ioannina
- Greece
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36
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Liu H, Zhang W, He L, Luo M, Qin S. Computational investigations on the phosphine-ligated CuH-catalyzed conjugate reduction of α-β unsaturated ketones: regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44015j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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37
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Fang Y, Wang C, Su S, Yu H, Huang Y. Selective synthesis of indazoles and indoles via triazene–alkyne cyclization switched by different metals. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1061-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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