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Jaswal V, Pachisia S, Chaudhary J, Rangan K, Sarkar M. Selective sensing of picric acid using a Zn(II)-metallacycle: experimental and theoretical validation of the sensing mechanism and quantitative analysis of sensitivity in contact mode detection. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:14710-14724. [PMID: 39158052 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A combination of N,N',N''-tris(3-pyridyl)-1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (L1) and p-chlorobenzoic acid (HL2) with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O resulted in the formation of a dinuclear metallacycle [ZnL1(L2)2(DMF)2]2 (1(DMF)4). In 1(DMF)4, the Zn(II) centre adopts a square pyramidal geometry, while one of the pyridyl N out of the three pyridyl groups in L1 remained uncoordinated. Solvated DMF molecules are present in 1(DMF)4. The structural and chemical nature of 1(DMF)4 is effective for it to act as a potential fluorescent probe for the detection of nitroaromatic compounds. It is observed that the probe, 1(DMF)4, could selectively detect picric acid (PA) among various aromatic compounds in solution (DMSO), while the solid state (contact mode) detection showed a positive sensing response for the nitrophenols (PA: 87% quenching efficiency, 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP): 57% quenching efficiency and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP): 40% quenching efficiency). The limit of detection (LOD) of PA by the probe in DMSO was found to be 6.8 × 10-11 M while the LOD in contact mode detection was estimated to be 0.49 ng cm-2. The mechanism of selective detection of PA by 1(DMF)4 in DMSO was analyzed through photophysical studies, 1H-NMR experiments and also by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effective overlap of the absorption spectrum of 1(DMF)4 and emission spectrum of PA in DMSO suggests that the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is responsible for quenching phenomena in DMSO. The DFT calculations and molecular docking studies showed the adduct formation due to the favorable interactions between 1(DMF)4 and PA in DMSO, while negligible interactions were observed between 1(DMF)4 with other aromatic compounds. The experimental and DFT studies showed that the efficient sensing ability of PA by 1(DMF)4 in the solid-state was due to photoelectron transfer (PET) and FRET phenomena described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Jaswal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Sanya Pachisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jagrity Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar Shameerpet Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Madhushree Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Bokotial D, Bhattacharyya S, Arunkumar S, Das T, Mini Rajendran GR, Chowdhury A. Multi Stimuli Responsive Dual Aggregation-Induced Emission and Photochromic Behavior of a Tetraphenyl Substituted Triphenylamine Derivative and its Application as Anti-counterfeiting Agent. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402086. [PMID: 38865099 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A multi-stimuli responsive tetraphenyl substituted tripehnylamine-based aggregation induced emissive (AIE) material coupled with spiropyran was prepared. Owing to the presence of AIE and photochromic moiety, the molecule exhibits emissive aggregates, photochromism, and acidochromism. The multiple stimuli sensitive behavior of the molecule was explored for anti-counterfeiting behavior on TLC plate and commercial banknotes. The fluorogenic and photogenic response under UV and visible light established the potential of the candidate as a new generation encryption material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshit Bokotial
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - S Arunkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India
| | - Trisha Das
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Gokul Raj Mini Rajendran
- Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
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Majumdar D, Roy S, Frontera A, Gomila RM, Pal TK. Crystal Engineering of Pb(II)-Salen Coordination Polymer Enforced for The Selective Fluorescence NACs Sensing Activity in a Dispersed Aqueous Medium: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical DFT Monologue. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Majumdar D, Dey S, Kumari A, Pal TK, Bankura K, Mishra D. Dicyanamide-intertwined assembly of two new Zn complexes based on N 2O 4-type pro-ligand: Synthesis, crystal networks, spectroscopic insights, and selective nitroaromatic turn-off fluorescence sensing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119612. [PMID: 33689999 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two new dicyanamide bridged multinuclear Zn complexes, [Zn2(L1)(µ1,5-dca)2(µ1-dca)]n (1) and [Zn2(L2)(µ1,5-dca)2(µ1-dca)]n (2) have been synthesized using N2O4-based pro-ligands (H2L1 = N,N'-bis(5-bromo-3-methoxysalicylidenimino)-1,3-diaminopropane, H2L2 = N,N'-bis(3-ethoxysalicylidene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine) and characterized by microanalytical and spectroscopic techniques. Both complexes are stable in solution and solid-state. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) findings showed that complexes are stable at room temperature. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) has proven that complexes are identical structures where two zinc metal ions are crystallographically independent. The directional properties of dicyanamide co-ligands via µ1,5 bridging have resulted in different connectivity of zinc metal ions leading to 1D templates. SCXRD revealed some notable non-covalent interactions (π⋯π, C-H····π, and H-bonding) in their solid-state crystal structures. 1-2 have strong fluorescence behaviour over pro-ligands, which may be quenched in the presence of various electron-deficient explosive nitroaromatic compounds (epNACs). Complex 2 fluorescence intensity is sharper than 1; hence the former retained high sensitivity and selectivity for trinitrophenol (TNP). The enhancement of fluorescence mechanism, detection limit (LOD), and the quenching constant (KSV) have been calculated using the Stern-Volmer equation (SV), where the KSV value for TNP is found to be 1.542 × 104 M-1. The solution phase quenching mechanism has been rationalized by (a) electrostatic interactions through charge-transfer complex, (b) photo-induced electron transfer (PET) by the HOMO-LUMO energy gap via DFT, and (c) fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Finally, complex 2 is applied as a sensor by turn-off fluorescence response to detecting TNP nitroaromatics in the DMF medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk 721636, West Bengal, India; Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Swapan Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
| | - Annu Kumari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382007, India.
| | - Kalipada Bankura
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk 721636, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipankar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk 721636, West Bengal, India.
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Rana A, Sahoo SS, Panda PK. β-Octaalkoxyporphyrins: Versatile fluorometric sensors towards nitrated explosives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618501171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Real time detection of explosive residues is important to mitigate increasing security threats. Therefore, systematic studies are essential to optimize the performance of sensors. In this work, we have explored β-octamethoxyporphyrin and β-octabutoxyporphyrin to evaluate the effect of alkoxy groups in solution and in vapor phase sensing of nitrated explosives. Our systematic studies revealed a marked difference in sensitivity of these free-base porphyrins in solution state and vapor phase sensing of nitrated explosives simply by modulation of alkyl chain lengths. Alkoxyporphyrins exhibit very good sensitivity towards not only nitro aromatics but also alkyl nitro explosive taggants compared to β-octaethylporphyrin. Therefore, alkoxyporphyrins may act as versatile fluorescence turn-off based chemical sensors for nitrated explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India
- Advance Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India
| | | | - Pradeepta K. Panda
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India
- Advance Centre of Research in High Energy Materials (ACRHEM), University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500046, India
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A trigonal dodecahedral cadmium(II) complex with zinc(II)–salen type metalloligand: Synthesis, structure, self-assembly and application in the detection of various nitroaromatics via turn-off fluorescence response. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Das A, Chakraborty M, Maity S, Ghosh A. The catalytic activities and magnetic behaviours of rare μ3-chlorido and μ1,1,1-azido bridged defective dicubane tetranuclear Mn(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9342-9356. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A μ3-chlorido and a μ1,1,1-azido bridged defective dicubane tetranuclear Mn(ii) complexes of polynucleating Mannich base ligand show significant catalytic oxidase activities and are antiferromagnetically coupled which is rationalized by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Das
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | - Maharudra Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | - Souvik Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University College of Science
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700009
- India
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Ghosh TK, Jana S, Ghosh A. Exploitation of the Flexidentate Nature of a Ligand To Synthesize Zn(II) Complexes of Diverse Nuclearity and Their Use in Solid-State Naked Eye Detection and Aqueous Phase Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:15216-15228. [PMID: 30516050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three Zn(II) complexes, [Zn2(HL)2(NO3)2]·H2O (1), [(Zn4L2)(μ3-OH)2](NO3)2·0.5H2O (2), and [(Zn6L2)( o-van)2(μ3-OCH3)2(μ3-OH)2](NO3)2 (3), have been synthesized by exploiting the flexidentate nature of a multidentate Schiff base ligand, H2L ( N, N'-bis(3-methoxysalicylidene)diethylenetriamine), by changing the reaction conditions and stoichiometry of the reactants. All three complexes are highly fluorescent in solution as well as in solid and have been used as luminescence sensors toward nitrophenol explosives in both the media. In aqueous/methanol medium, these complexes show very high selectivity and sensitivity with detection limit in ppb (2.03) or nM level (8.89 nM) for picric acid. The yellow color of all three Zn(II) complexes changes to red on mixing with small amount (∼5%) of picric acid in solid state, revealing the potential of these complexes for practical use in naked eye detection of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) or picric acid in ambient light. In order to identify the host-guest interactions between Zn(II) complex and TNP, single crystals of the adduct of TNP with Zn(II) complex, [Zn2(HL)2(H2O)2][C6H2N3O7]2 (4), were grown. Its X-ray crystal structure reveals that two picrate ions are attached to a dinuclear host with the help of H-bonding and π···π interactions, throwing light into the quenching mechanism and selectivity of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science , University of Calcutta , 92, A.P.C. Road , Kolkata 700 009 , India
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science , University of Calcutta , 92, A.P.C. Road , Kolkata 700 009 , India
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science , University of Calcutta , 92, A.P.C. Road , Kolkata 700 009 , India
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Bauri K, Saha B, Mahanti J, De P. A nonconjugated macromolecular luminogen for speedy, selective and sensitive detection of picric acid in water. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01579h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A conventional fluorophore-free water-soluble copolymer based on poly(styrene-alt-maleimide) has been found to be selective and sensitive detection of picric acid in a 100% aqueous environment with prompt response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry
- Raghunathpur College
- Raghunathpur-723133, Purulia
- India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Jnansankar Mahanti
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
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