1
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Guo S, Liu L, Su F, Yang H, Liu G, Fan Y, He J, Lian Z, Li X, Guo W, Chen X, Jiang H. Monitoring Hierarchical Assembly of Ring-in-Ring and Russian Doll Complexes Based on Carbon Nanoring by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. JACS AU 2024; 4:402-410. [PMID: 38425918 PMCID: PMC10900207 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
We presented the construction of the ring-in-ring and Russian doll complexes on the basis of triptycene-derived carbon nanoring (TP-[12]CPP), which not only acts as a host for pillar[5]arene (P5A) but also serves as an energy donor for building Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) systems. We also demonstrated that their hierarchical assembly processes could be efficiently monitored in real time using FRET. NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence, and mass spectroscopy analyses confirmed the successful encapsulation of the guests P5A/P5A-An by TP-[12]CPP, facilitated by C-H···π and ···π interactions, resulting in the formation of a distinct ring-in-ring complex with a binding constant of Ka = 2.23 × 104 M-1. The encapsulated P5A/P5A-An can further reverse its role to be a host for binding energy acceptors to form Russian doll complexes, as evidenced by the occurrence of FRET and mass spectroscopy analyses. The apparent binding constant of the Russian doll complexes was up to 3.6 × 104 M-1, thereby suggesting an enhanced synergistic effect. Importantly, the Russian doll complexes exhibited both intriguing one-step and sequential FRET dependent on the subcomponent P5A/P5A-An during hierarchical assembly, reminiscent of the structure and energy transfer of the light-harvesting system presented in purple bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhu Guo
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Feng Su
- College
of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P.R. China
| | - Huiji Yang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Guoqin Liu
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Jing He
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Weijie Guo
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
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3
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Kayahara E, Mizuhata Y, Yamago S. Enhanced host-guest interaction between [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) and [5]CPP by cationic charges. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:436-444. [PMID: 38410777 PMCID: PMC10896225 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A dication of [5]cycloparaphenylene ([5]CPP2+) was selectively encapsulated by neutral [10]CPP to form the shortest double-layer carbon nanotube, [10]CPP⊃[5]CPP2+. While the same host-guest complex consisted of neutral CPPs, [10]CPP⊃[5]CPP, was already reported, the cationic complex showed an about 20 times higher association constant in (CDCl2)2 at 25 °C (103 mol L-1). Electrochemical and photophysical analyses and theoretical calculations suggested the partial electron transfer from [10]CPP to [5]CPP2+ in the complex, and this charge-transfer (CT) interaction is most likely the origin of the higher association constant of the dicationic complex than the neutral one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | | | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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4
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Fan Y, He J, Guo S, Jiang H. Host-Guest Chemistry in Binary and Ternary Complexes Utilizing π-Conjugated Carbon Nanorings. Chempluschem 2023:e202300536. [PMID: 38123532 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nanorings, possessing a radial π system, have garnered significant attention primarily due to their size-dependent photophysical properties and the presence of a unique curved π-conjugated cavity. This is evidenced by the rapid proliferation of publications. Furthermore, the integration of building blocks into CPP skeletons can confer [n]CPPs with novel and exceptional photophysical and electronic characteristics, as well as chiral properties and host-guest interactions, thereby augmenting the diversity of [n]CPPs. Notably, the curved π surface structures and concave cavity of carbon nanorings enable them to host aromatic or non-aromatic guests with a complementarily curved surface, resulting in interesting binary or ternary complexes. This review provides a comprehensive treatment of literature reports on binary and ternary complexes, focusing on both their host-guest interactions and properties. It is important to note that the scope of this review is limited to host-guest chemistry in binary and ternary complexes based on π-conjugated carbon nanorings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhu Guo
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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5
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Freiberger M, Frühwald S, Minameyer MB, Görling A, Drewello T. New Insights into Ring-In-Ring Complexes of [ n]Cycloparaphenylenes including the [12]Carbon Nanobelt. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9495-9501. [PMID: 37934505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular chemistry of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) is characterized by the ability of the ring system to undergo both concave and convex π-π interactions. As a consequence, ring-in-ring complexes can be formed in which the CPP serves as the host as well as the guest molecule ([n + x]CPP⊃[n]CPP). In this work, host-guest ring-in-ring complexes of [n]CPPs (n = 5-12) are investigated by means of electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS2) and laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Extending the experimentally known complexes with ring size differences of five and six phenyl units (x = 5 and 6), we observe complexes with ring size differences of three up to seven phenyl units (x = 3-7). Energy-resolved collision experiments reveal that the charge is mainly located at the inner ring and complexes with phenyl unit differences of five and six are the most stable. In complexes featuring the same size difference, the complex stabilities slightly increase with an increasing size of the involved [n]CPPs. Utilizing the π-extended [12]carbon nanobelt ([12]CNB) as the guest also revealed an increase in complex stability. This study paves the way for a deeper understanding of the host-guest chemistry of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Martin B Minameyer
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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6
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Lingas R, Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A. Charge delocalization and aromaticity of doubly reduced double-walled carbon nanohoops. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37448229 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) exhibit selective host capabilities, featuring the ability to incorporate smaller CPPs to form double-walled host-guest complexes. Moreover, CPPs can also be stabilized by global aromaticity under twofold oxidation or reduction, involving electronic conjugation along with the overall structural backbone. Herein we explore the structural modifications, bonding, electron delocalization and magnetic properties of doubly reduced double-walled CPP complexes with DFT methods, in the isolated and aggregate [n + 5]CPP⊃[n]CPP2- (n = 5-8) species. Our results show that the hosts undergo structural, bonding and delocalization deformations towards quinoidal configurations and exhibit global long-ranged shielding cones similar to global aromatic free dianionic CPPs, accounting for charge delocalization on the outer nanohoops, whereas the guests preserve local aromatic benzenoid configurations, resulting in global and local aromatic circuits within the host-guest aggregate. This observation suggests that in multi-layered related species electronic delocalization will be retained at the outer structural surface. The aromaticity of the hosts is manifested in the strong upfield shifts of the guests 1H-NMR signals. Hence, CPP complexes can be extended to doubly reduced species stabilized by global host aromaticity expanding our understanding of doubled-walled nanotubes at the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lingas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Nickolas D Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 54 124, Greece.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño, Universidad San Sebastián, Bellavista 7, Santiago, 8420524, Chile.
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7
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Freiberger M, Minameyer MB, Solymosi I, Frühwald S, Krug M, Xu Y, Hirsch A, Clark T, Guldi DM, von Delius M, Amsharov K, Görling A, Pérez-Ojeda ME, Drewello T. Two Rings Around One Ball: Stability and Charge Localization of [1 : 1] and [2 : 1] Complex Ions of [10]CPP and C 60/70 [ * ]. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203734. [PMID: 36507855 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the gas-phase chemistry of noncovalent complexes of [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) with C60 and C70 by means of atmospheric pressure photoionization and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The literature-known [1 : 1] complexes, namely [10]CPP⊃C60 and [10]CPP⊃C70 , are observed as radical cations and anions. Their stability and charge distribution are studied using energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID). These measurements reveal that complexes with a C70 core exhibit a greater stability and, on the other hand, that the radical cations are more stable than the respective radical anions. Regarding the charge distribution, in anionic complexes charges are exclusively located on C60 or C70 , while the charges reside on [10]CPP in the case of cationic complexes. [2 : 1] complexes of the ([10]CPP2 ⊃C60/70 )+ ⋅/- ⋅ type are observed for the first time as isolated solitary gas-phase species. Here, C60 -based [2 : 1] complexes are less stable than the respective C70 analogues. By virtue of the high stability of cationic [1 : 1] complexes, [2 : 1] complexes show a strongly reduced stability of the radical cations. DFT analyses of the minimum geometries as well as molecular dynamics calculations support the experimental data. Furthermore, our novel gas-phase [2 : 1] complexes are also found in 1,2-dichlorobenzene. Insights into the thermodynamic parameters of the binding process as well as the species distribution are derived from isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Freiberger
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin B Minameyer
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Solymosi
- Organic Chemistry II Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Theoretical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcel Krug
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Organic Chemistry II Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemistry-Center Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Organic Chemistry Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Theoretical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Eugenia Pérez-Ojeda
- Organic Chemistry II Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Grabicki N, Fisher S, Dumele O. A Fourfold Gold(I)-Aryl Macrocycle with Hyperbolic Geometry and its Reductive Elimination to a Carbon Nanoring Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217917. [PMID: 36753601 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
An ethylene glycol-decorated [6]cyclo-meta-phenylene (CMP) macrocycle was synthesized and utilized as a subunit to construct a fourfold AuI 2 -aryl metallacycle with an overall square arrangement. The corners consist of rigid dinuclear gold(I) complexes previously known to form only triangular metallacycles. The interplay between the conformational flexibility of the [6]CMP macrocycle and the rigid dinuclear gold(I) moieties enable the square geometry, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of the gold complex shows size-selectivity compared to an alternative route using platinum(II) corner motifs. Upon reductive elimination, an all-organic ether-decorated carbon nanoring was obtained. Investigation as a host for the complexation of large guest molecules with a suitable convex π-surfaces was accomplished using isothermal NMR binding titrations. Association constants for [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP), [7]CPP, C60 , and C70 were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grabicki
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Fan D, Du J, Dang J, Wang C, Mo Y. The strength and selectivity of perfluorinated nano-hoops and buckybowls for anion binding and the nature of anion-π interactions. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:138-148. [PMID: 35147229 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorinated cycloparaphenylenes (F-[n]CPP, n = 5-8), boron nitride nanohoop (F-[5]BNNH), and buckybowls (F-BBs) were proposed as anion receptors via anion-π interactions with halide anions (Cl- , Br- and I- ), and remarkable binding strengths up to -294.8 kJ/mol were computationally verified. The energy decomposition approach based on the block-localized wavefunction method, which combines the computational efficiency of molecular orbital theory and the chemical intuition of ab initio valence bond theory, was applied to the above anion-π complexes, in order to elucidate the nature and selectivity of these interactions. The overall attraction is mainly governed by the frozen energy component, in which the electrostatic interaction is included. Remarkable binding strengths with F-[n]CPPs can be attributed to the accumulated anion-π interactions between the anion and each conjugated ring on the hoop, while for F-BBs, additional stability results from the curved frameworks, which distribute electron densities unequally on π-faces. Interestingly, the strongest host was proved to be the F-[5]BNNH, which exhibits the most significant anisotropy of the electrostatic potential surface due to the difference in the electronegativities of nitrogen and boron. The selectivity of each host for anions was explored and the importance of the often-overlooked Pauli exchange repulsion was illustrated. Chloride anion turns out to be the most favorable anion for all receptors, due to the smallest ionic radius and the weakest destabilizing Pauli exchange repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fan
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Du
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingshuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Kwon H, Newell BS, Bruns CJ. Redox-switchable host-guest complexes of metallocenes and [8]cycloparaphenylene. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14276-14285. [PMID: 36134555 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cycloparaphenylene (CPP) nanocarbons are an appealing family of macrocyclic organic semiconductors with size-tunable structures and unique optoelectronic properties, which can be further modulated by complexation with guest molecules. While many π-π-stabilized CPP-fullerene host-guest complexes are known, CPPs can also host polycyclic guests stabilized by aromatic CH-π interactions. Here we combine experimental and computational results to report that CH-π interactions can also be tapped to include redox-active metallocene guests in [8]cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP). Oxidation of a metallocene guest is accompanied by an increase in binding affinity and tilt angle. Crystallographically determined solid-state structures reveal CH-π interactions in the ferrocene complex (Fc⊂[8]CPP) and additional π-π interactions in the cobaltocenium complex (CoCp2+⊂[8]CPP). Functionalizing Fc with oxygen-bearing side chains also improves complex stability to a similar extent as oxidation, due to the formation of CH-O hydrogen bonds with the host's p-phenylene units. This work shows that CH-π bonding can be generalized as a driving force for CPP host-guest complexes and combined with other supramolecular forces to enhance stability. Owing to their semiconducting nature, amenability to functionalization, and reversible redox-dependent behavior, the [8]CPP-metallocene host-guest complexes may expand the library of synthons available for designing bespoke nanoelectronics and artificial molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brian S Newell
- Materials and Molecular Analysis Center, Analytical Resources Core, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Carson J Bruns
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- ATLAS Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 1125 18th Street, 320 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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11
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Sawanaka Y, Yamashina M, Ohtsu H, Toyota S. A self-complementary macrocycle by a dual interaction system. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5648. [PMID: 36163173 PMCID: PMC9512892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-complementary assembly is one of the most promising phenomena for the formation of discrete assemblies, e.g., proteins and capsids. However, self-complementary assembly based on multiple host-guest systems has been scarcely reported due to the difficulty in controlling each assembly. Herein, we report a dual interaction system in which the key assembly direction is well regulated by both π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding to construct a self-complementary macrocycle. Continuous host-guest behavior of anthracene-based molecular tweezers during crystallization leads to successful construction of a cyclic hexamer, which is reminiscent of Kekulé’s monkey model. Furthermore, the cyclic hexamer in a tight and triple-layered fashion shows hierarchical assembly into cuboctahedron and rhombohedral assemblies in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. Our findings would be potentially one of metal-free strategies for constructing anthracene-based supramolecular assemblies with higher-order structure. In nature, HIV capsid consists of single class of protein unit by self-complementarity. Here, the authors find that a molecular tweezer forms a cyclic hexamer by its continuous host-guest behavior, and constructs a large cuboctahedron by hierarchical assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sawanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashina
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyoshi Ohtsu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Yoshigoe Y, Tanji Y, Hata Y, Osakada K, Saito S, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Tsuchido Y, Kawai H. Dynamic Au-C σ-Bonds Leading to an Efficient Synthesis of [ n]Cycloparaphenylenes ( n = 9-15) by Self-Assembly. JACS AU 2022; 2:1857-1868. [PMID: 36032535 PMCID: PMC9400051 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transmetalation of the digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dcpm)] (1) (dcpm = bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane) with oligophenylene diboronic acids gave the triangular macrocyclic complexes [Au2(C6H4) x (dcpm)]3 (x = 3, 4, 5) with yields of over 70%. On the other hand, when the other digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dppm)] (1') (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) was used, only a negligible amount of the triangular complex was obtained. The control experiments revealed that the dcpm ligand accelerated an intermolecular Au(I)-C σ-bond-exchange reaction and that this high reversibility is the origin of the selective formation of the triangular complexes. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that the dcpm ligand increases the electrophilicity of the Au atom in the complex, thus facilitating the exchange reaction, although the cyclohexyl group is an electron-donating group. Furthermore, the oxidative chlorination of the macrocyclic gold complexes afforded a series of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (n = 9, 12, 15) in 78-88% isolated yields. The reorganization of two different macrocyclic Au complexes gave a mixture of macrocyclic complexes incorporating different oligophenylene linkers, from which a mixture of [n]cycloparaphenylenes with various numbers of phenylene units was obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yohei Tanji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yusei Hata
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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13
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Yang Y, Huangfu S, Sato S, Juríček M. Cycloparaphenylene Double Nanohoop: Structure, Lamellar Packing, and Encapsulation of C 60 in the Solid State. Org Lett 2021; 23:7943-7948. [PMID: 34558903 PMCID: PMC8524662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new member of the cycloparaphenylene double-nanohoop family was synthesized. Its π-framework features two oval cavities that display different shapes depending on the crystallization conditions. Incorporation of the peropyrene bridge within the nanoring cycles via bay-regions alleviates steric effects and thus allows 1:1 complexation with C60 in the solid state. This nanocarbon adopts a lamellar packing motif, and our results suggest that the structural adjustment of this double nanohoop could enable its use in supramolecular and semiconductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shangxiong Huangfu
- Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Michal Juríček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Sun Z, Li K. Recent Advances in Dimeric Cycloparaphenylenes as Nanotube Fragments. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1534-3103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSince the discovery of cycloparaphenylenes in 2008, the chemical synthesis of more-complicated molecular systems with curved π-surfaces has been vigorously sought, giving rise to a plethora of new exciting molecules with various topologies and functions. This Synpacts article briefly summarizes recent examples of carbon nanohoop dimers, highlighting three examples as nanotube fragments. Their synthesis, isomerization, photophysical properties, and host–guest chemistry are discussed.1 Introduction2 Synthetic Strategy toward Nanotube Dimers3 Isomerization Dynamics of Nanotube Dimers4 Photophysical Properties of Nanotube Dimers5 Host–Guest Chemistry of Nanotube Dimers6 Conclusions
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15
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Tang M, Liang Y, Lu X, Miao X, Jiang L, Liu J, Bian L, Wang S, Wu L, Liu Z. Molecular-strain engineering of double-walled tetrahedra. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Matsuno T, Ohtomo Y, Someya M, Isobe H. Stereoselectivity in spontaneous assembly of rolled incommensurate carbon bilayers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1575. [PMID: 33692364 PMCID: PMC7946902 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodicity of two-dimensional entities can be manipulated by their stacking assembly, and incommensurate stacks of bilayers are attracting considerable interest in materials science. Stereoisomerism in incommensurate bilayers was first noted with incommensurate double-wall carbon nanotubes composed of helical carbon networks, but the lack of structural information hampered the chemical understanding such as the stereoselectivity during bilayer formation. In this study, we construct a finite molecular version of incommensurate carbon bilayers by assembling two helical cylindrical molecules in solution. An outer cylindrical molecule is designed to encapsulate a small-bore helical cylindrical molecule, and the spontaneous assembly of coaxial complexes proceeds in a stereoselective manner in solution with a preference for heterohelical combinations over diastereomeric, homohelical combinations. The rational design of incommensurate bilayers for material applications may be facilitated by the design and development of molecular versions with discrete structures with atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yutaro Ohtomo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Someya
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Matsuki H, Okubo K, Takaki Y, Niihori Y, Mitsui M, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Kobayashi K. Synthesis and Properties of a Cyclohexa‐2,7‐anthrylene Ethynylene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Matsuki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Keisuke Okubo
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Yuta Takaki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Rikkyo University 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Rikkyo University 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology Shizuoka University 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku Shizuoka 422-8529 Japan
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18
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Matsuki H, Okubo K, Takaki Y, Niihori Y, Mitsui M, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Kobayashi K. Synthesis and Properties of a Cyclohexa-2,7-anthrylene Ethynylene Derivative. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:998-1003. [PMID: 32981223 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a cyclohexa-2,7-(4,5-diaryl)anthrylene ethynylene (1) was achieved for the first time by using 1,8-diaryl-3,6-diborylanthracene and 1,8-diaryl-3,6-diiodoanthracene as key synthetic intermediates. Macrocycle 1 possesses a planar conformation of approximately D6h symmetry, because of the triple-bond linker between the anthracene units at the 2,7-positions. It was confirmed that macrocycle 1, bearing bulky substituents at the outer peripheral positions, behaves as a monomeric form in solution without π-stacking self-association. Macrocycle 1 has an inner-cavity size that allows specific inclusion of [9]cycloparaphenylene ([9]CPP), but not [8]CPP or [10]CPP, through an aromatic edge-to-face CH-π interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Matsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Keisuke Okubo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuta Takaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Niihori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1, Nishiikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.,Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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19
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Abazari S, Shamsipur A, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Ismail AF, Sharif S, Razzaghi M, Ramakrishna S, Berto F. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-Reinforced Magnesium-Based Matrix Composites: A Comprehensive Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4421. [PMID: 33020427 PMCID: PMC7579315 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years considerable attention has been attracted to magnesium because of its light weight, high specific strength, and ease of recycling. Because of the growing demand for lightweight materials in aerospace, medical and automotive industries, magnesium-based metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) reinforced with ceramic nanometer-sized particles, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were developed. CNTs have excellent material characteristics like low density, high tensile strength, high ratio of surface-to-volume, and high thermal conductivity that makes them attractive to use as reinforcements to fabricate high-performance, and high-strength metal-matrix composites (MMCs). Reinforcing magnesium (Mg) using small amounts of CNTs can improve the mechanical and physical properties in the fabricated lightweight and high-performance nanocomposite. Nevertheless, the incorporation of CNTs into a Mg-based matrix faces some challenges, and a uniform distribution is dependent on the parameters of the fabricating process. The characteristics of a CNTs reinforced composite are related to the uniform distribution, weight percent, and length of the CNTs, as well as the interfacial bonding and alignment between CNTs reinforcement and the Mg-based matrix. In this review article, the recent findings in the fabricating methods, characterization of the composite's properties, and application of Mg-based composites reinforced with CNTs are studied. These include the strategies of fabricating CNT-reinforced Mg-based composites, mechanical responses, and corrosion behaviors. The present review aims to investigate and conclude the most relevant studies conducted in the field of Mg/CNTs composites. Strategies to conquer complicated challenges are suggested and potential fields of Mg/CNTs composites as upcoming structural material regarding functional requirements in aerospace, medical and automotive industries are particularly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Abazari
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Shamsipur
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran;
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Safian Sharif
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Mahmood Razzaghi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 1157, Singapore
| | - Filippo Berto
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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20
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Pérez‐Jiménez ÁJ, Sancho‐García JC. Theoretical Insights for Materials Properties of Cyclic Organic Nanorings. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Kayahara E, Nakano M, Sun L, Ishida K, Yamago S. Syntheses of Tetrasubstituted [10]Cycloparaphenylenes by a Pd-catalyzed Coupling Reaction. Remarkable Effect of Strain on the Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2451-2455. [PMID: 32558319 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A small library of tetrasubstituted [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) derivatives bearing alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl substituents was constructed by a Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction starting from tetratriflate [10]CPP 5 e, which was readily available in high yields on a >2 g scale. The CPP skeleton increases the reactivity of aryl triflate for oxidative addition to the Pd species, and 5 e is 10 times more reactive than its linear paraphenylene analogue, as determined by competition experiments. Theoretical calculations suggest that the accumulation of the small strain relief from each paraphenylene unit not involved in the reaction is responsible for the observed enhanced reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakano
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Liansheng Sun
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
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22
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Zhou Z, Wei Z, Schaub TA, Jasti R, Petrukhina MA. Structural deformation and host-guest properties of doubly-reduced cycloparaphenylenes, [ n]CPPs 2- ( n = 6, 8, 10, and 12). Chem Sci 2020; 11:9395-9401. [PMID: 34094205 PMCID: PMC8161678 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical reduction of several cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) ranging in size from [8]CPP to [12]CPP has been investigated with potassium metal in THF. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the resulting doubly-reduced [n]CPPs provided a unique series of carbon nanohoops with increasing dimensions and core flexibility for the first comprehensive structural analysis. The consequences of electron acquisition by a [n]CPP core have been analyzed in comparison with the neutral parents. The addition of two electrons to the cyclic carbon framework of [n]CPPs leads to the characteristic elliptic core distortion and facilitates the internal encapsulation of sizable cationic guests. Molecular and solid-state structure changes, alkali metal binding and unique size-dependent host abilities of the [n]CPP2- series with n = 6-12 are discussed. This in-depth analysis opens new perspectives in supramolecular chemistry of [n]CPPs and promotes their applications in size-selective guest encapsulation and chemical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
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23
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Kishi R, Yamane M, Sugiura R, Yoshida W, Shimizu Y, Nakano M. Theoretical study on aromatic and open-shell characteristics of carbon nanobelts composed of indeno[1,2- b]fluorene units: dependence on the number of units and charge states. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25736-25745. [PMID: 35518632 PMCID: PMC9055345 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04787b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we theoretically investigate the aromatic and open-shell characteristics of carbon nanobelts (CNBs) composed of five- and six-membered rings. We have designed nanobelts composed of indeno[1,2-b]fluorene ([1,2-b]IF) units, which are referred to as [N]IF-CNB (N: the number of five-membered rings). The number of π-electrons, n π, in neutral [N]IF-CNB is 7N, and thus depending on N and charge states, n π can be 4n + 2 and 4n. Quantum chemical calculations on neutral [6]IF-CNB and [8]IF-CNB and dicationic [8]IF-CNB2+ have revealed that they are expected to exhibit unique aromatic and open-shell characteristics depending on n π, there are several analogies of the electronic structures in [N]IF-CNB to those in [N]annulene. Delocalized and intermediate open-shell electronic structures of [N]IF-CNB are also useful to drastically change the third-order nonlinear optical properties. These results suggest that theoretically designed [N]IF-CNB can be attractive and challenging targets of organic synthesis for realizing novel open-shell functional conjugated macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sugiura
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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24
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Minameyer MB, Xu Y, Frühwald S, Görling A, von Delius M, Drewello T. Investigation of Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and their Noncovalent Ring-in-Ring and Fullerene-in-Ring Complexes by (Matrix-Assisted) Laser Desorption/Ionization and Density Functional Theory. Chemistry 2020; 26:8729-8741. [PMID: 32476186 PMCID: PMC7497255 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[n]Cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) with n=5, 8, 10 and 12 and their noncovalent ring‐in‐ring and [m]fullerene‐in‐ring complexes with m=60, 70 and 84 have been studied by direct and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization ((MA)LDI) and density‐functional theory (DFT). LDI is introduced as a straightforward approach for the sensitive analysis of CPPs, free from unwanted decomposition and without the need of a matrix. The ring‐in‐ring system of [[10]CPP⊃[5]CPP]+. was studied in positive‐ion MALDI. Fragmentation and DFT indicate that the positive charge is exclusively located on the inner ring, while in [[10]CPP⊃C60]+. it is located solely on the outer nanohoop. Positive‐ion MALDI is introduced as a new sensitive method for analysis of CPP⊃fullerene complexes, enabling the detection of novel complexes [[12]CPP⊃C60, 70 and 84]+. and [[10]CPP⊃C84]+.. Selective binding can be observed when mixing one fullerene with two CPPs or vice versa, reflecting ideal size requirements for efficient complex formation. Geometries, binding and fragmentation energies of CPP⊃fullerene complexes from DFT calculations explain the observed fragmentation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin B Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Frühwald
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Theoretical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Kawanishi T, Ishida K, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Selective and Gram-Scale Synthesis of [8]Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2082-2091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawanishi
- Oji R&D Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD., Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0003, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Cotelle Y, Hardouin-Lerouge M, Lemasson E, Morille Y, Canevet D, Legoupy S, Hudhomme P. An original self-assembly using a tetrathiafulvalene-based molecular clip for the recognition of fullerene C60. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3077-3080. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A glycoluril-based molecular clip incorporating tetrathiafulvalene sidewalls self-assembles with fullerene C60 in a 2 : 1 stoichiometry in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Cotelle
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | | | - Elise Lemasson
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - Yohann Morille
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - David Canevet
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - Stéphanie Legoupy
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
| | - Piétrick Hudhomme
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou
- UMR CNRS 6200
- UNIV Angers
- SFR MATRIX
- 49045 Angers Cedex
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Lu D, Huang Q, Wang S, Wang J, Huang P, Du P. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Analogs. Front Chem 2019; 7:668. [PMID: 31649920 PMCID: PMC6794338 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) and their analogs have recently attracted much attention due to their aesthetical structures and optoelectronic properties with radial π-conjugation systems. The past 10 years have witnessed a remarkable advancement in CPPs research, from synthetic methodology to optoelectronic investigations. In this present minireview, we highlight the supramolecular chemistry of CPPs and their analogs, mainly focusing on the size-selective encapsulation of fullerenes, endohedral metallofullerenes, and small molecules by these hoop-shaped macrocycles. We will also discuss the assembly of molecular bearings using some belt-persistent tubular cycloarylene molecules and fullerenes, photoinduced electron transfer properties in supramolecular systems containing carbon nanohoop hosts and fullerene guests, as well as the shape recognition properties for structure self-sorting by using dumbbell-shaped dimer of [60]fullerene ligand. Besides, the supramolecular complexes with guest molecules other than fullerenes, such as CPPs themselves, iodine, pyridinium cations, and bowl-shaped corannulene, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
| | - Max Delius
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Neue MaterialienUniversität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Deutschland
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30
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Xu Y, von Delius M. The Supramolecular Chemistry of Strained Carbon Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:559-573. [PMID: 31190449 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Since 1996, a growing number of strained macrocycles, comprising only sp2 - or sp-hybridized carbon atoms within the ring, have become synthetically accessible, with the [n]cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes (CPPAs) and the [n]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) being the most prominent examples. Now that robust and relatively general synthetic routes toward a diverse range of nanohoop structures have become available, the research focus is beginning to shift towards the exploration of their properties and applications. From a supramolecular chemistry perspective, these macrocycles offer unique opportunities as a result of their near-perfect circular shape, the unusually high degree of shape-persistence, and the presence of both convex and concave π-faces. In this Minireview, we give an overview on the use of strained carbon-rich nanohoops in host-guest chemistry, the preparation of mechanically interlocked architectures, and crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Nitrogen substitution into the ortho positions in polyaryl macrocycles creates planar or ribbon structures leading to such structures as this nano-Saturn with a flat ring.
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32
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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33
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Yamane M, Kishi R, Tonami T, Okada K, Nagami T, Kitagawa Y, Nakano M. Open-Shell Characters, Aromaticities and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Carbon Nanobelts Composed of Five- and Six-Membered Rings. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yamane
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; 1-3 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science (IMS); 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
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34
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Hashimoto S, Kayahara E, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Yamago S. Synthesis and Physical Properties of Polyfluorinated Cycloparaphenylenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:5973-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sigma Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yao Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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36
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Xu Y, Wang B, Kaur R, Minameyer MB, Bothe M, Drewello T, Guldi DM, von Delius M. A Supramolecular [10]CPP Junction Enables Efficient Electron Transfer in Modular Porphyrin–[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11549-11553. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Bothe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular MaterialsFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced MaterialsUniversity of Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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37
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Xu Y, Wang B, Kaur R, Minameyer MB, Bothe M, Drewello T, Guldi DM, von Delius M. A Supramolecular [10]CPP Junction Enables Efficient Electron Transfer in Modular Porphyrin-[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Xu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bingzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin B. Minameyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Michael Bothe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials; Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Advanced Materials; University of Ulm; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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38
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Kayahara E, Hayashi T, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Ashida K, Ogoshi S, Yamago S. Strain-Induced Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11418-11421. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshiki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keita Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
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39
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Kayahara E, Hayashi T, Takeuchi K, Ozawa F, Ashida K, Ogoshi S, Yamago S. Strain-Induced Double Carbon-Carbon Bond Activations of Cycloparaphenylenes by a Platinum Complex: Application to the Synthesis of Cyclic Diketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Toshiki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | | | - Fumiyuki Ozawa
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Keita Ashida
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Osaka University; Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research; Kyoto University; Uji 611-0011 Japan
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40
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Povie G, Segawa Y, Nishihara T, Miyauchi Y, Itami K. Synthesis and Size-Dependent Properties of [12], [16], and [24]Carbon Nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10054-10059. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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41
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Yamamoto Y, Tsurumaki E, Wakamatsu K, Toyota S. Nano‐Saturn: Experimental Evidence of Complex Formation of an Anthracene Cyclic Ring with C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceOkayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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42
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Yamamoto Y, Tsurumaki E, Wakamatsu K, Toyota S. Nano‐Saturn: Experimental Evidence of Complex Formation of an Anthracene Cyclic Ring with C
60. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8199-8202. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Kan Wakamatsu
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceOkayama University of Science 1-1 Ridaicho, Kita-ku Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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43
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Miki K, Saiki K, Umeyama T, Baek J, Noda T, Imahori H, Sato Y, Suenaga K, Ohe K. Unique Tube-Ring Interactions: Complexation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Cycloparaphenyleneacetylenes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800720. [PMID: 29782702 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interlocked by cyclic compounds through supramolecular interaction are promising rotaxane-like materials applicable as 2D and 3D networks of nanowires and disease-specific theranostic agents having multifunctionalities. Supramolecular complexation of CNTs with cyclic compounds in a "ring toss'' manner is a straightforward method to prepare interlocked CNTs; however, to date, this has not been reported on. Here, the "ring toss" method to prepare interlocked CNTs by using π-conjugated carbon nanorings: [8]-, [9]-, and [10]cycloparaphenyleneacetylene (CPPA) is reported. CPPAs efficiently interact with CNTs to form CNT@CPPA complexes, while uncomplexed CPPAs can be recovered without decomposition. CNTs, which tightly fit in the cavities of CPPAs through convex-concave interaction, efficiently afford "tube-in-ring"-type CNT@CPPA complexes. "Tube-in-ring"-type and "ring-on-tube"-type complexation modes are successfully distinguished by spectroscopic, thermogravimetric, and microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Miki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kenzo Saiki
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Umeyama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jinseok Baek
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeru Noda
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshidaushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- Nanomaterials Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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44
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Kuche K, Maheshwari R, Tambe V, Mak KK, Jogi H, Raval N, Pichika MR, Kumar Tekade R. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based advanced dermal therapeutics: current trends and future potential. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8911-8937. [PMID: 29722421 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01383g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for effective and non-invasive delivery modules to transport therapeutic molecules across skin has led to the discovery of a number of nanocarriers (viz.: liposomes, ethosomes, dendrimers, etc.) in the last few decades. However, available literature suggests that these delivery modules face several issues including poor stability, low encapsulation efficiency, and scale-up hurdles. Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) emerged as a versatile tool to deliver therapeutics across skin. Superior stability, high loading capacity, well-developed synthesis protocol as well as ease of scale-up are some of the reason for growing interest in CNTs. CNTs have a unique physical architecture and a large surface area with unique surface chemistry that can be tailored for vivid biomedical applications. CNTs have been thus largely engaged in the development of transdermal systems such as tuneable hydrogels, programmable nonporous membranes, electroresponsive skin modalities, protein channel mimetic platforms, reverse iontophoresis, microneedles, and dermal buckypapers. In addition, CNTs were also employed in the development of RNA interference (RNAi) based therapeutics for correcting defective dermal genes. This review expounds the state-of-art synthesis methodologies, skin penetration mechanism, drug liberation profile, loading potential, characterization techniques, and transdermal applications along with a summary on patent/regulatory status and future scope of CNT based skin therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Kuche
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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45
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Della Sala P, Capobianco A, Caruso T, Talotta C, De Rosa M, Neri P, Peluso A, Gaeta C. An Anthracene-Incorporated [8]Cycloparaphenylene Derivative as an Emitter in Photon Upconversion. J Org Chem 2018; 83:220-227. [PMID: 29231727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anthracene-incorporated [8]cycloparaphenylene 2 has been synthesized and its optoelectronic properties studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and DFT calculations. NMR and computational studies indicate that the new cycloparaphenylene derivative possesses a Cs point group symmetry. The new CPP 2 exhibits peculiar optoelectronic properties: (i) fluorescence emission is blue-shifted with respect to [8]cycloparaphenylene 1, and its quantum yield is higher; (ii) in the presence of an octaethylporphyrin Pd complex, as sensitizer, it undergoes a visible light upconversion. This is the first case in which a cycloparaphenylene derivative is involved as an emitter in low power light frequency conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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Della Sala P, Talotta C, Caruso T, De Rosa M, Soriente A, Neri P, Gaeta C. Tuning Cycloparaphenylene Host Properties by Chemical Modification. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9885-9889. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmen Talotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Margherita De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Annunziata Soriente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Placido Neri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Carmine Gaeta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e
Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
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