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Razlog R, Kruger CA, Abrahamse H. Cytotoxic Effects of Combinative ZnPcS 4 Photosensitizer Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Cannabidiol (CBD) on a Cervical Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076151. [PMID: 37047123 PMCID: PMC10094677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent type of gynecological malignancy globally is cervical cancer (CC). Complicated by tumor resistance and metastasis, it remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in women in South Africa. Early CC is managed by hysterectomy, chemotherapy, radiation, and more recently, immunotherapy. Although these treatments provide clinical benefits, many patients experience adverse effects and secondary CC spread. To minimize this, novel and innovative treatment methods need to be investigated. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an advantageous treatment modality that is non-invasive, with limited side effects. The Cannabis sativa L. plant isolate, cannabidiol (CBD), has anti-cancer effects, which inhibit tumor growth and spread. This study investigated the cytotoxic combinative effect of PDT and CBD on CC HeLa cells. The effects were assessed by exposing in vitro HeLa CC-cultured cells to varying doses of ZnPcS4 photosensitizer (PS) PDT and CBD, with a fluency of 10 J/cm2 and 673 nm irradiation. HeLa CC cells, which received the predetermined lowest dose concentrations (ICD50) of 0.125 µM ZnPcS4 PS plus 0.5 µM CBD to yield 50% cytotoxicity post-laser irradiation, reported highly significant and advantageous forms of cell death. Flow cytometry cell death pathway quantitative analysis showed that only 13% of HeLa cells were found to be viable, 7% were in early apoptosis and 64% were in late favorable forms of apoptotic cell death, with a minor 16% of necrosis post-PDT. Findings suggest that this combined treatment approach can possibly induce primary cellular destruction, as well as limit CC metastatic spread, and so warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Razlog
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Cherie Ann Kruger
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa
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2
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Wang X, Weintraub RA. Recent Developments in Isoindole Chemistry. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIsoindoles are highly reactive aromatic heterocycles that have a variety of important applications in areas such as medicine, analytical detection, and solar energy. Due to their highly reactive nature, isoindoles can be used to access their derivatives, which possess a diverse array of biological activities. However, their reactivity also makes isoindoles unstable and thus, difficult to prepare. Consequently, there has been a need for the development of novel methods that address some of the synthetic challenges and limitations, as well as reactions that utilize isoindoles to access potentially useful compounds. This review will give an overview of the novel reactions reported within the past decade (2012 to 2022) that involve 2H- and 1H-isoindoles and fused isoindoles as reactants, key intermediates, or products. This review is divided into two parts, with the first part focusing on the synthesis of isoindoles and the second part focusing on reactions of isoindoles. The scopes and limitations of the methods described therein will be discussed and the significance of their contributions to the literature will be highlighted. Similar reactions will also be compared.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of Isoindoles2.1 Synthesis of 2H-Isoindoles2.2 Synthesis of 1H-Isoindoles3 Reactions of Isoindoles3.1 Reactions of 2H-Isoindoles3.2 Reactions of 1H-Isoindoles4 Conclusions
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Carobeli LR, Meirelles LEDF, Damke GMZF, Damke E, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mashiba KH, Shinobu-Mesquita CS, Souza RP, da Silva VRS, Gonçalves RS, Caetano W, Consolaro MEL. Phthalocyanine and Its Formulations: A Promising Photosensitizer for Cervical Cancer Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122057. [PMID: 34959339 PMCID: PMC8705941 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. Despite advances in current therapies, women with advanced or recurrent disease present poor prognosis. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative to treat oncological diseases such as cervical cancer. Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are considered good photosensitizers (PS) for PDT, although most of them present high levels of aggregation and are lipophilic. Despite many investigations and encouraging results, Pcs have not been approved as PS for PDT of invasive cervical cancer yet. This review presents an overview on the pathophysiology of cervical cancer and summarizes the most recent developments on the physicochemical properties of Pcs and biological results obtained both in vitro in tumor-bearing mice and in clinical tests reported in the last five years. Current evidence indicates that Pcs have potential as pharmaceutical agents for anti-cervical cancer therapy. The authors firmly believe that Pc-based formulations could emerge as a privileged scaffold for the establishment of lead compounds for PDT against different types of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara R. Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Lyvia E. de F. Meirelles
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Gabrielle M. Z. F. Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Maria V. F. de Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Natália L. Mari
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Kayane H. Mashiba
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Cristiane S. Shinobu-Mesquita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Raquel P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Vânia R. S. da Silva
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
| | - Renato S. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (R.S.G.); (W.C.)
| | - Márcia E. L. Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (L.R.C.); (L.E.d.F.M.); (G.M.Z.F.D.); (E.D.); (M.V.F.d.S.); (N.L.M.); (K.H.M.); (C.S.S.-M.); (R.P.S.); (V.R.S.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-44-3011-5455
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Aggarwal A, Bhupathiraju NVSDK, Farley C, Singh S. Applications of Fluorous Porphyrinoids: An Update †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1241-1265. [PMID: 34343350 DOI: 10.1111/php.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and related macrocycles have been studied broadly for their applications in medicine and materials because of their tunable physicochemical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. In this review article, we focused on the applications of fluorinated porphyrinoids and their supramolecular systems and summarized the reports published on these chromophores in the past 5-6 years. The commercially available fluorinated porphyrinoids: meso-perfluorophenylporphyrin (TPPF20 ) perfluorophthalocyanine (PcF16 ) and meso-perfluorophenylcorrole (CorF15 ) have increased photo and oxidative stability due to the presence of fluoro groups. Because of their tunable properties and robustness toward oxidative damage these porphyrinoid-based chromophores continue to gain attention of researchers developing advanced functional materials for applications such as sensors, photonic devices, component for solar cells, biomedical imaging, theranostics and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Aggarwal
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, NY
| | - N V S Dinesh K Bhupathiraju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY
| | - Christopher Farley
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, NY
| | - Sunaina Singh
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College of the City University of New York, Long Island City, NY
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5
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Synthesis of sulfanyl porphyrazines with bulky peripheral substituents – Evaluation of their photochemical properties and biological activity. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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6
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Fazio E, Jesús Vicente-Arana M, Teresa Alonso M, Torres T, de la Torre G. Selective guest recognition by a metallo-organic phthalocyanine-based host. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we have studied the selectivity in the complexation of fullerene species by a Fe[Formula: see text]Pc[Formula: see text] metallo-organic helicate (1) assembled using a bidentate phthalocyanine (Pc) as ligand. The large aromatic internal surface of this helicate shows a strong selectivity towards the encapsulation of C[Formula: see text] from a mixture of C[Formula: see text] and C[Formula: see text]. On the other hand, a bisimidazole-containing naphthalenediimide was used to perform guest exchange experiments over [fullerene [Formula: see text] 1] complexes, taking advantage of the strong coordination bond of the imidazole ring to the Zn centers in the Pc cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Fazio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Jesús Vicente-Arana
- Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Alonso
- Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia. C/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem). Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Assessing Amphiphilic ABAB Zn(II) Phthalocyanines with Enhanced Photosensitization Abilities in In Vitro Photodynamic Therapy Studies Against Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010213. [PMID: 31947934 PMCID: PMC6983099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that singlet oxygen photosensitization abilities of Zn(II) phthalocyanines (Zn(II)Pcs) are enhanced through α-functionalization with bulky fluorinated substituents (i.e., bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl units) at facing positions of ABAB Zn(II)Pcs, where A and B refer to differently functionalized isoindoles. In this work, we have prepared the Zn(II)Pc ABAB 1 endowed with hydrophilic triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (i.e., at the A isoindoles) to provide solubility in aqueous media, together with its A3B and A4 counterparts, and compared their ability to behave as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. All photophysical data, aggregation studies and preliminary in vitro biological assays in cell cultures of SCC-13 (squamous cell carcinoma) and HeLa (cervical cancer cells), have proved ABAB 1 as the best photosensitizer of the series.
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8
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Revuelta-Maza MÁ, González-Jiménez P, Hally C, Agut M, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Fluorine-substituted tetracationic ABAB-phthalocyanines for efficient photodynamic inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 187:111957. [PMID: 31864170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of new amphiphilic phthalocyanines (Pcs), the study of their singlet oxygen generation capabilities, and biological assays to determine their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. In particular, Pcs with an ABAB geometry (where A and B refer to differently substituted isoindole constituents) have been synthesized. These molecules are endowed with bulky bis(trifluoromethylphenyl) groups in two facing isoindoles, which hinder aggregation and favour singlet oxygen generation, and pyridinium or alkylammonium moieties in the other two isoindoles. In particular, two water-soluble Pc derivatives (PS-1 and PS-2) have proved to be efficient in the photoinactivation of S. aureus and E. coli, selected as models of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cormac Hally
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Ferreira JT, Pina J, Ribeiro CAF, Fernandes R, Tomé JPC, Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Torres T. Highly Efficient Singlet Oxygen Generators Based on Ruthenium Phthalocyanines: Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2019; 26:1789-1799. [PMID: 31605633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ruthenium(II) phthalocyanines (RuPcs) endowed with one carbohydrate unit-that is, glucose, galactose and mannose-and a dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) ligand at the two axial coordination sites, respectively, is described. Two series of compounds, one unsubstituted at the periphery, and the other one bearing eight PEG chains at the isoindole meta-positions, have been prepared. The presence of the axial DMSO unit significantly increases the phthalocyanine singlet oxygen quantum yields, related to other comparable RuPcs. The compounds have been evaluated for PDT treatment in bladder cancer cells. In vitro studies have revealed high phototoxicity for RuPcs unsubstituted at their periphery. The phototoxicity of PEG-substituted RuPcs has been considerably improved by repeated light irradiation. The choice of the axial carbohydrate introduced little differences in the cellular uptake for both series of photosensitizers, but the phototoxic effects were considerably higher for compounds bearing mannose units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pina
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A F Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.iCBR Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3004-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.,CQE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, C/ Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Revuelta-Maza MÁ, Torres T, Torre GDL. Synthesis and Aggregation Studies of Functional Binaphthyl-Bridged Chiral Phthalocyanines. Org Lett 2019; 21:8183-8186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Revuelta-Maza MA, Nonell S, de la Torre G, Torres T. Boosting the singlet oxygen photosensitization abilities of Zn(ii) phthalocyanines through functionalization with bulky fluorinated substituents. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7448-7454. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00872a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-aggregated, crosswise ZnPcs functionalized with bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups in facing isoindoles have proved efficient photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramon Llull
- 08017 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Gema de la Torre
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
| | - Tomás Torres
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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