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Hernandez S, Belov DS, Krivovicheva V, Senthil S, Bukhryakov KV. Decreasing the Bond Order between Vanadium and Oxo Ligand to Form 3d Schrock Carbynes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18905-18909. [PMID: 38968596 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Preserving vanadium in a high oxidation state during chemical transformations can be challenging due to the oxidizing nature of V(+5) species. Oxo and similar isoelectronic ligands have been utilized to stabilize V(+5) by extensive π-donation. However, decreasing the bond order between V and the oxo ligand often results in a reduction of the metal center. Herein, we report a unique transformation involving anionic V(+5) alkylidene that converts a V(+5) oxo complex to a V(+5) alkylidyne in three steps without altering the oxidation state of the metal center. This method has been used to obtain rare 3d Schrock carbynes, which provide easy and scalable access to V(+5) alkylidynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Dmitry S Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Vasilisa Krivovicheva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Shuruthi Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Konstantin V Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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2
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Senthil S, Fehn D, Gau MR, Bacon AM, Carroll PJ, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. A Vanadium Methylidene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15666-15671. [PMID: 38830196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Examples of stable 3d transition metal methylidene complexes are extremely rare. Here we report an isolable and stable vanadium methylidene complex, [(PNP)V(=NAr)(=CH2)] (PNP = N[2-PiPr2-4-methylphenyl]-, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), via H atom transfer (HAT) from [(PNP)V(NHAr)(CH3)] or [(PNP)V(=NAr)(CH3)] using two or one equivalents of the TEMPO radical (TEMPO = (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl), respectively. Alternatively, the vanadium methylidene moiety can also be formed via the treatment of transient [(PNP)V=NAr] with the Wittig reagent, H2CPPh3. Structural and spectroscopic analysis, including 13C enriched labeling of the methylidene ligand, unequivocally confirmed the terminal nature of a rare 3d methylidene complex, featuring a V=CH2 bond distance of 1.908(2) Å and a highly downfield 13C NMR spectral shift at 298 ppm. In the absence of the ylide, intermediate [(PNP)V=NAr] activates dinitrogen to form an end-on bridging N2 complex, [(PNP)V(=NAr)]2(μ2-η1:η1-N2), having a singlet ground state. Complex [(PNP)V(=NAr)(=CH2)] reacts with H3COTf to form [(PNP)V(=NAr)(OTf)], accompanied by the release of ethylene as evidenced by 1H NMR spectroscopy, and reactivity studies suggest a β-hydride elimination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuruthi Senthil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexandra M Bacon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Pecak J, Talmazan RA, Svatunek D, Kirchner K, Podewitz M. Is Mn(I) More Promising Than Fe(II)-A Comparison of Mn vs Fe Complexes for Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2024; 43:457-466. [PMID: 38425381 PMCID: PMC10900517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis is one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry and is an excellent example for efficient homogeneous catalysis. Although most currently used catalysts are primarily based on 4d and 5d metals, cycloaddition and cycloreversion reactions can also be attributed to first-row transition metals, such as Fe. Surprisingly, the potential of Mn(I)-based catalysts for olefin metathesis has been unexplored despite their prominence in homogeneous catalysis and their diagonal relationship to Ru(II). In the present study, we have investigated the prospective capabilities of Mn complexes for cycloaddition and reversion reactions using density functional theory. Therefore, we have initially compared the literature known iron model systems and their isoelectronic Mn counterparts regarding their reactivity and electronic structure. Next, we constructed potential Mn complexes derived from synthetically accessible species, including carbonyl ligands and obeying octahedral geometry. Based on thermodynamic parameters and the calculation of electronic descriptors, we were able to validate the isodiagonal relationship. Our study serves as guidance for the experimental chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pecak
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Radu A. Talmazan
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Dennis Svatunek
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna 1060, Austria
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4
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Han L, Lv K, Wang T, Meng Z, Zhang J, Liu T. Mechanistic Insight into Palladium/Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Methoxycarbonylation and Hydromethoxylation of Internal Alkene: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3904-3915. [PMID: 36799526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the palladium/Brønsted acid-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation and hydromethoxylation reactions of internal alkene. The calculated results show that the pyridyl group (N atom) in bidentate phosphine ligand with built-in base (L1) plays a crucial role in controlling the selectivity. With the help of the pyridyl group, the methanolysis steps in the methoxycarbonylation reaction and the hydromethoxylation reaction become easy, and both the linear ester methyl 3,4-dimethylpentanoate (P1) and the hydromethoxylation product 2-methoxy-2,3-dimethylbutane (P2) could be obtained. In contrast, the possibility of leading to branched ester P1' was ruled out according to our calculations. The steric effect could account for the observed selectivity. In the presence of the DPEphos ligand (L2) that does not bear the pyridyl group, the methanolysis step in the methoxycarbonylation reaction becomes the rate-determining step with a high overall energy barrier. Neither linear nor branched methoxycarbonylation product could be generated. The palladium/Brønsted acid co-catalyzed hydromethoxylation also become difficult without the assistance of the pyridyl group in the presence of the L2 ligand. Instead, TsOH-catalyzed hydromethoxylation reaction could take place to generate the ether product P2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Kang Lv
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu, 273155 Shandong, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165 Shandong, China
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5
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Bruckhoff T, Paschai Darian LK, Stein CAM, Ballmann J. [PNP]-Stabilized Niobium(IV) and Tantalum(IV) Complexes: Synthesis and Characterization of an Open-Shell Tantalum Alkylidene. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Bruckhoff
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon K. Paschai Darian
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin A. M. Stein
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Belov DS, Acosta CM, Garcia-Molina M, Rue KL, Solans-Monfort X, Bukhryakov KV. Synthesis and Activity of Vanadium Oxo NHC Alkylidenes. Remarkable Preference for Degenerate Metathesis and Application for Carbon Isotope Exchange. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Carlos M. Acosta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Miquel Garcia-Molina
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Kelly L. Rue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | | | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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Grau BW, Neuhauser A, Aghazada S, Meyer K, Tsogoeva SB. Iron-Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis: Recent Theoretical and Experimental Advances. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201414. [PMID: 35770829 PMCID: PMC9826008 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The "metathesis reaction" is a straightforward and often metal-catalyzed chemical reaction that transforms two hydrocarbon molecules to two new hydrocarbons by exchange of molecular fragments. Alkane, alkene and alkyne metathesis have become an important tool in synthetic chemistry and have provided access to complex organic structures. Since the discovery of industrial olefin metathesis in the 1960s, many modifications have been reported; thus, increasing scope and improving reaction selectivity. Olefin metathesis catalysts based on high-valent group six elements or Ru(IV) have been developed and improved through ligand modifications. In addition, significant effort was invested to realize olefin metathesis with a non-toxic, bio-compatible and one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust; namely, iron. First evidences suggest that low-valent Fe(II) complexes are active in olefin metathesis. Although the latter has not been unambiguously established, this review summarizes the key advances in the field and aims to guide through the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt W. Grau
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Neuhauser
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sadig Aghazada
- Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany,Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Egerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße, 1091058ErlangenGermany
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8
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George GM, Wolczanski PT, Cundari TR, MacMillan SN. Reactivity of 1.1.1-Propellane with (silox) 3M (M = Ti, V, Cr): Structures of (silox) 3V═( cC 4H 4)═CH 2 and [(silox) 3Cr–(1.1.1-C 5H 6)−] 2. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. George
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Peter T. Wolczanski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, CasCam University of North Texas Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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9
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Takebayashi S, Iron MA, Feller M, Rivada-Wheelaghan O, Leitus G, Diskin-Posner Y, Shimon LJW, Avram L, Carmieli R, Wolf SG, Cohen-Ofri I, Sanguramath RA, Shenhar R, Eisen M, Milstein D. Iron-catalysed ring-opening metathesis polymerization of olefins and mechanistic studies. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Sousa-Silva A, Paredes-Gil K, de Matos JME, Sá É. Singlet Spin State Drives [V]-Carbene To Catalyze Olefin Metathesis: A Computational Analysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adenilson Sousa-Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-505, Brazil
- Laboratório de Química Teórica, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-505, Brazil
| | - Katherine Paredes-Gil
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | | | - Égil Sá
- Laboratório de Química Teórica, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-505, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64202-020, Brazil
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11
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Richards CA, Rath NP, Neely JM. Isolation and Reactivity of an Iron Azametallacyclobutene Complex. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey A. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Jamie M. Neely
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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12
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Tejeda G, Belov DS, Fenoll DA, Rue KL, Tsay C, Solans-Monfort X, Bukhryakov KV. Vanadium Imido NHC Complexes for Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Tejeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Didac A. Fenoll
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Kelly L. Rue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Charlene Tsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92591, United States
| | | | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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13
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Zubkevich SV, Tuskaev VA, Gagieva SC, Bulychev BM. Catalytic oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene with complexes of iron triad metals: influence of metal nature and new perspectives. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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George GM, Wolczanski PT, MacMillan SN. Attempts at Generating Metathesis-Active Fe(IV) and Co(IV) Complexes via the Reactions of (silox)2M(THF)2, [(silox)3M][Na(THF)2] (M = Fe, Co), and Related Species with Propellanes and Triphenylboron. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Belov DS, Fenoll DA, Chakraborty I, Solans-Monfort X, Bukhryakov KV. Synthesis of Vanadium Oxo Alkylidene Complex and Its Reactivity in Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Didac A. Fenoll
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Indranil Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | | | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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