1
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Wang W, Li ZW, Wang XTH, Xia SH. Photocyclization and Photoisomerization Mechanisms of an Indolylfulgide Derivative in Acetonitrile Solution by Using the QM (MS-CASPT2)/MM Method. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:8190-8197. [PMID: 39269269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The indolylfulgide systems have been extensively investigated due to their potential applications as photochromic materials. In this work, the photoinduced ring-closure/opening and isomerization reactions of a photochromic indolylfulgide in vacuum and acetonitrile solvent have been investigated by means of MS-CASPT2//CASSCF and QM(MS-CASPT2)//CASSCF/MM. The deactivation mechanisms of indolylfulgide have been proposed based on the optimized structures in the S0 and S1 states, S1/S0 conical intersections, and the calculated minimum-energy paths. After excitation into the first singlet excited-state, which is spectroscopically bright in the Franck-Condon point of the E, the photoprocesses proceed toward a nearby S1 minimum. Then, two possible nonadiabatic relaxation paths exist to repopulate the ground state. In the ring closure reaction, the S1 E isomer evolves directly into one S1/S0 conical intersection and decays to the ground state with bifurcation toward C or E. In the E → Z tautomerization pathway, the excited system can deactivate to the S0 state via a distinct conical intersection. The minimum-energy paths of the indolylfulgide revealed that the ring closure reaction in the solvent is more facile to take place than the E → Z isomerization after irradiation of the same E. Furthermore, for the ring opening reaction from the C side, there exists an energy barrier (11.1 kcal/mol) in the S1 state before arriving at the conical intersection. The computational results showed that the solvent has some influence on the system compared with that in the gas phase. The present work could contribute to comprehending the photoreactions of indolylfulgide and its derivatives in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zi-Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xue-Tian-Hao Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Hua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Maafi M. On photokinetics under polychromatic light. Front Chem 2024; 12:1367276. [PMID: 38711947 PMCID: PMC11070525 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1367276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the dawn of photochemistry 150 years ago, photoreactions have been conducted under polychromatic light. However, despite the pivotal role that photokinetics should naturally play for such reactive photosystems, the literature lacks a comprehensive description of that area. Indeed, one fails to identify explicit model integrated rate laws for these reactions, a characteristic type for their kinetic behavior, or their kinetic order. In addition, there is no consensus in the community on standardized investigative tools to evaluate the reactivity of these photosystems, nor are there venues for the discussion of such photokinetic issues. The present work is a contribution addressing some of these knowledge gaps. It proposes an unprecedented general formula capable of mapping out the kinetic traces of photoreactions under polychromatic light irradiation. This article quantitatively discusses several reaction situations, including the effects of initial reactant concentration and the presence of spectator molecules. It also develops a methodology for standardizing actinometers and defines and describes both the spectral range of highest reactivity and the photonic yield. The validity of the model equation has been proven by comparing its results to both theoretical counterparts and those generated by fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical calculations. For the first time, a confirmation of the Φ -order character of the kinetics under polychromatic light was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Maafi
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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3
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Copko J, Slanina T. Multiplicity-driven photochromism controls three-state fulgimide photoswitches. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3774-3777. [PMID: 38465938 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Fulgimide photoswitches display three-state photoswitching between isomeric forms Z, E and C. Fulgimides have therefore access to both large steric change of double bond isomerization and the large spectral change induced by electrocyclization. By controlling the multiplicity and photoisomerization conditions, we achieved precise and near-quantitative control over both isomerization modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Copko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic.
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4
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Bargstedt J, Reinschmidt M, Tydecks L, Kolmar T, Hendrich CM, Jäschke A. Photochromic Nucleosides and Oligonucleotides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310797. [PMID: 37966433 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Photochromism is a reversible phenomenon wherein a material undergoes a change in color upon exposure to light. In organic photochromes, this effect often results from light-induced isomerization reactions, leading to alterations in either the spatial orientation or electronic properties of the photochrome. The incorporation of photochromic moieties into biomolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, has become a prevalent approach to render these biomolecules responsive to light stimuli. Utilizing light as a trigger for the manipulation of biomolecular structure and function offers numerous advantages compared to other stimuli, such as chemical or electrical treatments, due to its non-invasive nature. Consequently, light proves particularly advantageous in cellular and tissue applications. In this review, we emphasize recent advancements in the field of photochromic nucleosides and oligonucleotides. We provide an overview of the design principles of different classes of photochromes, synthetic strategies, critical analytical challenges, as well as structure-property relationships. The applications of photochromic nucleic acid derivatives encompass diverse domains, ranging from the precise photoregulation of gene expression to the controlled modulation of the three-dimensional structures of oligonucleotides and the development of DNA-based fluorescence modulators. Moreover, we present a future perspective on potential modifications and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Bargstedt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reinschmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leon Tydecks
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kolmar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Hendrich
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Wohlrábová L, Okoročenkova J, Palao E, Kužmová E, Chalupský K, Klán P, Slanina T. Sulfonothioated meso-Methyl BODIPY Shows Enhanced Uncaging Efficiency and Releases H 2S n. Org Lett 2023; 25:6705-6709. [PMID: 37668439 PMCID: PMC10510718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
meso-Methyl BODIPY photocages stand out for their absorption properties and easy chromophore derivatization. However, their low uncaging efficiencies often hinder applications requiring release of protected substrates in high amounts. In this study, we demonstrate that the sulfonothioated BODIPY group photocleaves a sulfonylthio group from the meso-methyl position with a 10-fold higher quantum yield than the most efficient leaving groups studied to date. Photocleavage, observed in solution and in cells, is accompanied by the spatiotemporally controlled photorelease of H2Sn. For this reason, sulfonothioated BODIPY may be applied in cell signaling, redox homeostasis, and metabolic regulation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Wohlrábová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Okoročenkova
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Eduardo Palao
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Erika Kužmová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str.
7, 60438 Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
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6
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Maafi M. On photokinetics under monochromatic light. Front Chem 2023; 11:1233151. [PMID: 37780986 PMCID: PMC10538970 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1233151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of photokinetics under monochromatic light have not yet been fully described in the literature. In addition, for the last 120 years or so, explicit, handy model equations that can map out the kinetic behaviour of photoreactions have been lacking. These gaps in the knowledge are addressed in the present paper. Several general features of such photokinetics were investigated, including the effects of initial reactant concentration, the presence of spectator molecules, and radiation intensity. A unique equation, standing for a pseudo-integrated rate law, capable of outlining the kinetic behaviour of any photoreaction is proposed. In addition, a method that solves for quantum yields and absorption coefficients of all species of a given photoreaction is detailed. A metric (the initial velocity) has been adopted, and its reliability for the quantification of several effects was proven by theoretical derivation, Runge-Kutta numerical integration calculations and through the model equation proposed. Overall, this study shows that, under monochromatic light, photoreaction kinetics is well described by Φ -order kinetics, which is embodied by a unifying model equation. This paper is aimed at contributing to rationalising photokinetics via reliable, easy-to-use mathematical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Maafi
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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7
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Du Y, Huang CR, Xu ZK, Hu W, Li PF, Xiong RG, Wang ZX. Photochromic Single-Component Organic Fulgide Ferroelectric with Photo-Triggered Polarization Response. JACS AU 2023; 3:1464-1471. [PMID: 37234120 PMCID: PMC10207094 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic photochromic compounds have been widely investigated for optical memory storage and switches. Very recently, we pioneeringly discovered optical control of ferroelectric polarization switching in organic photochromic salicylaldehyde Schiff base and diarylethene derivatives, differently from the traditional ferroelectrics. However, the study of such intriguing photo-triggered ferroelectrics is still in its infancy and relatively scarce. In this manuscript, we synthesized a pair of new organic single-component fulgide isomers, (E and Z)-3-(1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)ethylidene)-4-(propan-2-ylidene)dihydrofuran-2,5-dione (1E and 1Z). They undergo prominent photochromism from yellow to red. Interestingly, only polar 1E has been proven to be ferroelectric, while the centrosymmetric 1Z does not meet the basic requirement for ferroelectricity. Besides, experimental evidence shows that the Z-form can be converted to the E-form by light irradiation. More importantly, the ferroelectric domains of 1E can be manipulated by light in the absence of an electric field, benefiting from the remarkable photoisomerization. 1E also adopts good fatigue resistance to the photocyclization reaction. As far as we know, this is the first example of organic fulgide ferroelectric reported with photo-triggered ferroelectric polarization response. This work has developed a new system for studying photo-triggered ferroelectrics and would also provide an expected perspective on developing ferroelectrics for optical applications in trap future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan
Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ran Huang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan
Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Kun Xu
- Ordered
Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang
University, Nanchang 330031, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Ordered
Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang
University, Nanchang 330031, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Ordered
Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang
University, Nanchang 330031, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered
Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang
University, Nanchang 330031, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Xia Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan
Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, People’s
Republic of China
- Ordered
Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang
University, Nanchang 330031, People’s
Republic of China
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8
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Kaufmann J, Sinsel F, Heckel A. Chromatic Selectivity of Coumarin-Caged Oligonucleotides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204014. [PMID: 36562762 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A system of two coumarin-based caging groups is presented - one absorbing in the blue (400-450 nm) and the other absorbing in the green (480-550 nm) part of the visible spectrum. Together they form a pair, which allows to selectively photoactivate the one or the other in oligonucleotides. A numerical characterization defining the term "chromatic selectivity" was proposed, and it was shown how chromatically selective uncaging can literally be titrated in a kinetic reaction scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Kaufmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabian Sinsel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
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9
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Weber R, Chok K, Junek S, Glaubitz C, Heckel A. Rhodamine-Sensitized Two-Photon Activation of a Red Light-Absorbing BODIPY Photocage. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300149. [PMID: 36785982 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon (2P) activatable probes are of high value in biological and medical chemistry since near infrared (NIR) light can penetrate deeply even in blood-perfused tissue and due to the intrinsic three-dimensional activation properties. Designing two-photon chromophores is challenging. However, the two-photon absorption qualities of a photocage can be improved with an intramolecular sensitizer, which transfers the absorbed light onto the cage. We herein present the synthesis and photophysical characterization of a 2P-sensitive uncaging dyad based on rhodamine 101 as donor fluorophore and a redshifted BODIPY as acceptor photocage. Liberation of p-nitroaniline (PNA) upon one-photon photolysis was confirmed by HPLC analysis. The photoreaction was found to be accompanied by a considerable change of the fluorescence properties of the chromophores. The possibility of a fluorescent read-out enabled the detection of two-photon induced uncaging by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Weber
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kerby Chok
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Junek
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max-von-Laue-Str. 4, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Clemens Glaubitz
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Kaufmann J, Müller P, Andreadou E, Heckel A. Green-Light Activatable BODIPY and Coumarin 5'-Caps for Oligonucleotide Photocaging. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200477. [PMID: 35420231 PMCID: PMC9322594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized two green-light activatable 5'-caps for oligonucleotides based on the BODIPY and coumarin scaffold. Both bear an alkyne functionality allowing their use in numerous biological applications. They were successfully incorporated in oligonucleotides via solid-phase synthesis. Copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) using a bisazide photo-tether gave cyclic oligonucleotides that could be relinearized by activation with green light and were shown to exhibit high stability against exonucleases. Chemical ligation as another example for bioconjugation yielded oligonucleotides with an internal strand break site. Irradiation at 530 nm or 565 nm resulted in complete photolysis of both caging groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Kaufmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Patricia Müller
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Eleni Andreadou
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
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11
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Klimek R, Asido M, Hermanns V, Junek S, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A. Inactivation of Competitive Decay Channels Leads to Enhanced Coumarin Photochemistry. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200647. [PMID: 35420716 PMCID: PMC9320935 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the development of photolabile protecting groups, it is of high interest to selectively modify photochemical properties with structural changes as simple as possible. In this work, knowledge of fluorophore optimization was adopted and used to design new coumarin‐ based photocages. Photolysis efficiency was selectively modulated by inactivating competitive decay channels, such as twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) or hydrogen‐bonding, and the photolytic release of the neurotransmitter serotonin was demonstrated. Structural modifications inspired by the fluorophore ATTO 390 led to a significant increase in the uncaging cross section that can be further improved by the simple addition of a double bond. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy gave insights into the underlying solvent‐dependent photophysical dynamics. The chromophores presented here are excellently suited as new photocages in the visible wavelength range due to their simple synthesis and their superior photochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Klimek
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Marvin Asido
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Volker Hermanns
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Stephan Junek
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research Max-von-Laue Str. 4 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
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12
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Hermanns V, Scheurer M, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J, Braun M, Heckel A. Electronic Circular Dichroism Unravels Atropisomers of a Broadly Absorbing Fulgide Derivative. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hermanns
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology GERMANY
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Heidelberg University Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing GERMANY
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Heidelberg University Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing GERMANY
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Markus Braun
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main: Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexander Heckel
- University of Frankfurt Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt GERMANY
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13
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Hermanns V, Scheurer M, Kersten NF, Abdellaoui C, Wachtveitl J, Dreuw A, Heckel A. Rethinking Uncaging: A New Antiaromatic Photocage Driven by a Gain of Resonance Energy. Chemistry 2021; 27:14121-14127. [PMID: 34363415 PMCID: PMC8519059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photoactivatable compounds for example photoswitches or photolabile protecting groups (PPGs, photocages) for spatiotemporal light control, play a crucial role in different areas of research. For each application, parameters such as the absorption spectrum, solubility in the respective media and/or photochemical quantum yields for several competing processes need to be optimized. The design of new photochemical tools therefore remains an important task. In this study, we exploited the concept of excited-state-aromaticity, first described by N. Colin Baird in 1971, to investigate a new class of photocages, based on cyclic, ground-state-antiaromatic systems. Several thio- and nitrogen-functionalized compounds were synthesized, photochemically characterized and further optimized, supported by quantum chemical calculations. After choosing the optimal scaffold, which shows an excellent uncaging quantum yield of 28 %, we achieved a bathochromic shift of over 100 nm, resulting in a robust, well accessible, visible light absorbing, compact new photocage with a clean photoreaction and a high quantum product (ϵ⋅Φ) of 893 M-1 cm-1 at 405 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Hermanns
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Lau-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nils Frederik Kersten
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Lau-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Chahinez Abdellaoui
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific ComputingHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Lau-Str. 760438FrankfurtGermany
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
This article outlines the general structures and photochromism characteristic of fulgide dyes and their most important related analogues. It provides an overview of synthetic routes to such derivatives in addition to exemplifying how typical structural variations influence photochromic behavior. A brief survey then follows, giving a flavor of the applications that have been – and continue to be – sought for them in the capacity of functional dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Towns
- Technical , Lambson Ltd , Clifford House, York Road , Wetherby , West Yorkshire LS22 7NS, United Kingdom
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15
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Roseau M, De Waele V, Trivelli X, Cantrelle FX, Penhoat M, Chausset‐Boissarie L. Azobenzene: a Visible‐Light Chemical Actinometer for the Characterization of Fluidic Photosystems. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Roseau
- USR 3290 MSAP Lille University CNRS FR-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Vincent De Waele
- UMR 8516 LASIR Lille University FR-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- FR 2638 IMEC Lille University CNRS INRA Centrale Lille Artois University FR-59000 Lille France
| | - Francois Xavier Cantrelle
- ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology CNRS FR-59000 Lille France
- U1167 RID-AGE Lille University Inserm CHU Lille Institut Pasteur Lille FR-59000 Lille France
| | - Maël Penhoat
- USR 3290 MSAP Lille University CNRS FR-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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Becker Y, Roth S, Scheurer M, Jakob A, Gacek DA, Walla PJ, Dreuw A, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A. Selective Modification for Red-Shifted Excitability: A Small Change in Structure, a Huge Change in Photochemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:2212-2218. [PMID: 32955154 PMCID: PMC7898321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We developed three bathochromic, green-light activatable, photolabile protecting groups based on a nitrodibenzofuran (NDBF) core with D-π-A push-pull structures. Variation of donor substituents (D) at the favored ring position enabled us to observe their impact on the photolysis quantum yields. Comparing our new azetidinyl-NDBF (Az-NDBF) photolabile protecting group with our earlier published DMA-NDBF, we obtained insight into its excitation-specific photochemistry. While the "two-photon-only" cage DMA-NDBF was inert against one-photon excitation (1PE) in the visible spectral range, we were able to efficiently release glutamic acid from azetidinyl-NDBF with irradiation at 420 and 530 nm. Thus, a minimal change (a cyclization adding only one carbon atom) resulted in a drastically changed photochemical behavior, which enables photolysis in the green part of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Becker
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Sina Roth
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Theoretical and Computational ChemistryIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Jakob
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Daniel A. Gacek
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTechnical University BraunschweigGaußstr. 1738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter J. Walla
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryTechnical University BraunschweigGaußstr. 1738106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)Theoretical and Computational ChemistryIm Neuenheimer Feld 205A69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt am MainGermany
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17
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Ravetz B, Tay NES, Joe CL, Sezen-Edmonds M, Schmidt MA, Tan Y, Janey JM, Eastgate MD, Rovis T. Development of a Platform for Near-Infrared Photoredox Catalysis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2053-2059. [PMID: 33274281 PMCID: PMC7706074 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, chemists have embraced visible-light photoredox catalysis due to its remarkable ability to activate small molecules. Broadly, these methods employ metal complexes or organic dyes to convert visible light into chemical energy. Unfortunately, the excitation of widely utilized Ru and Ir chromophores is energetically wasteful as ∼25% of light energy is lost thermally before being quenched productively. Hence, photoredox methodologies require high-energy, intense light to accommodate said catalytic inefficiency. Herein, we report photocatalysts which cleanly convert near-infrared (NIR) and deep red (DR) light into chemical energy with minimal energetic waste. We leverage the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of Os(II) photosensitizers to directly access the excited triplet state (T1) with NIR or DR irradiation from the ground state singlet (S0). Through strategic catalyst design, we access a wide range of photoredox, photopolymerization, and metallaphotoredox reactions which usually require 15-50% higher excitation energy. Finally, we demonstrate superior light penetration and scalability of NIR photoredox catalysis through a mole-scale arene trifluoromethylation in a batch reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
D. Ravetz
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Nicholas E. S. Tay
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Candice L. Joe
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Melda Sezen-Edmonds
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Yichen Tan
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jacob M. Janey
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical
Process Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- E-mail:
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18
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Madea D, Mahvidi S, Chalupa D, Mujawar T, Dvořák A, Muchová L, Janoš J, Slavíček P, Švenda J, Vítek L, Klán P. Wavelength-Dependent Photochemistry and Biological Relevance of a Bilirubin Dipyrrinone Subunit. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13015-13028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Madea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sadegh Mahvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Chalupa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Dvořák
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty General Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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19
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Grebenovsky N, Hermanns V, Heckel A. Photoswitchable 2‐Phenyldiazenyl‐Purines and their Influence on DNA Hybridization. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Grebenovsky
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe-University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Volker Hermanns
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe-University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe-University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
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20
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Some physical parameters influencing the comprehensive evaluation of kinetic data in photochemical reactions and its application in the periodate-chemistry. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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