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Carlotto S, Babetto L, Bellucci L, Bottaro G, Marchetti F, Samaritani S, Labella L, Armelao L. Understanding Stabilization Factors in Heterodinuclear Ln-Al Complexes from DFT Simulations on Thermochemistry Data: A Counterintuitive Conclusion. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16702-16712. [PMID: 39194319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study validates a computational protocol to predict the stability of heterodinuclear complexes by varying ligands on both moieties and analyzing the reaction Gibbs free energy (ΔGr) values. To this purpose, a series of Eu-Al complexes with the general formula [Eu(LEu)3Al(LAl)3], where LEu is the ligand of europium and LAl is an oxygen donor ligand of aluminum, is used. The nature of the bridging bonds and thermochemical characteristics (ΔGr, enthalpy, and entropy) of the complexes were evaluated via DFT calculations. We demonstrated that both entropic and enthalpic effects play a relevant role in the stability. The analysis of the series allows us to identify three ΔGr ranges where heterodinuclear complexes are (i) stable and easy to characterize, (ii) fragile and difficult to characterize, and (iii) not observed (unreacted precursors are recovered). To rationalize the trend of the stability and correlate it with the chemical nature of the ligands, we investigated the condensed Fukui function on the Al fragment. Results suggest that to obtain stable heteronuclear complexes, it is necessary to consider ligands with small condensed Fukui function values. This corresponds to a less nucleophilic oxygen site, yet counterintuitively, it allows the ligand to delocalize the received electronic charge and stabilize the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Babetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bellucci
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Labella
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies (DSCTM), National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Gallo E, Bellucci L, Carlotto S, Bottaro G, Babetto L, Giordano L, Marchetti F, Samaritani S, Armelao L, Labella L. Aluminium 8-Hydroxyquinolinate N-Oxide as a Precursor to Heterometallic Aluminium-Lanthanide Complexes. Molecules 2024; 29:451. [PMID: 38257364 PMCID: PMC10821320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A reaction in anhydrous toluene between the formally unsaturated fragment [Ln(hfac)3] (Ln3+ = Eu3+, Gd3+ and Er3+; Hhfac = hexafluoroacetylacetone) and [Al(qNO)3] (HqNO = 8-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide), here prepared for the first time from [Al(OtBu)3] and HqNO, affords the dinuclear heterometallic compounds [Ln(hfac)3Al(qNO)3] (Ln3+ = Eu3+, Gd3+ and Er3+) in high yields. The molecular structures of these new compounds revealed a dinuclear species with three phenolic oxygen atoms bridging the two metal atoms. While the europium and gadolinium complexes show the coordination number (CN) 9 for the lanthanide centre, in the complex featuring the smaller erbium ion, only two oxygens bridge the two metal atoms for a resulting CN of 8. The reaction of [Eu(hfac)3] with [Alq3] (Hq = 8-hydroxyquinoline) in the same conditions yields a heterometallic product of composition [Eu(hfac)3Alq3]. A recrystallization attempt from hot heptane in air produced single crystals of two different morphologies and compositions: [Eu2(hfac)6Al2q4(OH)2] and [Eu2(hfac)6(µ-Hq)2]. The latter compound can be directly prepared from [Eu(hfac)3] and Hq at room temperature. Quantum mechanical calculations confirm (i) the higher stability of [Eu(hfac)3Al(qNO)3] vs. the corresponding [Eu(hfac)3Alq3] and (ii) the preference of the Er complexes for the CN 8, justifying the different behaviour in terms of the Lewis acidity of the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Luca Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy (L.G.)
- ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Presso Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.)
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Presso Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Presso Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.)
| | - Luca Babetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Giordano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei Materiali (DSCTM), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Piazzale A. Moro 7, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Labella
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy (L.G.)
- ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Presso Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy; (S.C.)
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Bellucci L, Carlotto S, Bottaro G, Babetto L, Labella L, Gallo E, Marchetti F, Samaritani S, Armelao L. Competing excitation paths in luminescent heterobimetallic Ln-Al complexes: Unraveling interactions via experimental and theoretical investigations. iScience 2023; 26:106614. [PMID: 37250321 PMCID: PMC10214411 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest for heterometallic lanthanide-d or-p metal (Ln-M) complexes is growing because of a potential cooperative or synergistic effect related to the proximity of two different metals in the same molecular architecture affording special tunable physical properties. To exploit the potentiality of Ln-M complexes, suitable synthetic approaches, and the in-depth understanding of the effect of each building block on their properties are mandatory. Here, we report the study on a family of heterometallic luminescent complexes [Ln(hfac)3Al(L)3], Ln= Eu3+ and Tb3+. Using different L ligands, we investigated the effect of the steric and electronic properties of the Al(L)3 fragment, highlighting the general validity of the employed synthetic route. A marked difference in the light emission of [Eu(hfac)3Al(L)3] and [Tb(hfac)3Al(L)3] complexes has been observed. Thanks to photoluminescence experiments and Density Functional Theory calculations, Ln3+ emissions are explained with a model involving two non-interacting excitation paths through hfac or Al(L)3 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bellucci
- CNR ICMATE and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- CNR ICMATE and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- CNR ICMATE and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Babetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Labella
- CNR ICMATE and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Gallo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei Materiali (DSCTM) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Helicate versus Mesocate in Quadruple-Stranded Lanthanide Cages: A Computational Insight. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810619. [PMID: 36142519 PMCID: PMC9504305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To drive the synthesis of metallo-supramolecular assemblies (MSAs) and to fully exploit their functional properties, robust computational tools are crucial. The capability to model and to rationalize different parameters that can influence the outcome is mandatory. Here, we report a computational insight on the factors that can determine the relative stability of the supramolecular isomers helicate and mesocate in lanthanide-based quadruple-stranded assemblies. The considered MSAs have the general formula [Ln2L4]2− and possess a cavity suitable to allocate guests. The analysis was focused on three different factors: the ligand rigidity and the steric hindrance, the presence of a guest inside the cavity, and the guest dimension. Three different quantum mechanical calculation set-ups (in vacuum, with the solvent, and with the solvent and the dispersion correction) were considered. Comparison between theoretical and experimental outcomes suggests that all calculations correctly estimated the most stable isomer, while the inclusion of the dispersion correction is mandatory to reproduce the geometrical parameters. General guidelines can be drawn: less rigid and less bulky is the ligand and less stable is the helicate, and the presence of a guest can strongly affect the isomerism leading to an inversion of the stability by increasing the guest size when the ligand is flexible.
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Diaz-Rodriguez RM, Gálico DA, Chartrand D, Suturina EA, Murugesu M. Toward Opto-Structural Correlation to Investigate Luminescence Thermometry in an Organometallic Eu(II) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:912-921. [PMID: 34989573 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-based luminescent materials have unique properties and are well-studied for many potential applications. In particular, the characteristic 5d → 4f emission of divalent lanthanide ions such as EuII allows for tunability of the emissive properties via modulation of the coordination environment. We report the synthesis and photoluminescence investigation of pentamethylcyclopentadienyleuropium(II) tetrahydroborate bis(tetrahydrofuran) dimer (1), the first example of an organometallic, discrete molecular EuII band-shift luminescence thermometer. Complex 1 exhibits an absolute sensitivity of 8.2 cm-1 K-1 at 320 K, the highest thus far observed for a lanthanide-based band-shift thermometer. Opto-structural correlation via variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectroscopy allows rationalization of the remarkable thermometric luminescence of complex 1 and reveals the significant potential of molecular EuII compounds in luminescence thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto M Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Diogo A Gálico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Daniel Chartrand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta A Suturina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Bellucci L, Bottaro G, Labella L, Marchetti F, Samaritani S, Belli Dell'Amico D, Armelao L. 1D-Zigzag Eu 3+/Tb 3+ Coordination Chains as Luminescent Ratiometric Thermometers Endowed with Multicolor Emission. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216445. [PMID: 34771972 PMCID: PMC8585447 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two homometallic Coordination Polymers (CPs) with composition [Ln(hfac)3bipy]n (Ln3+ = Eu3+, 1, and Tb3+, 2; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonato, bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine) were used to develop a family of ratiometric luminescent thermometers containing Eu3+ and Tb3+ as red and green emitters, respectively. The thermometric properties of pure CPs and of their mixtures having an Eu3+/Tb3+ molar ratio of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10 (samples: Eu1Tb1, Eu1Tb3, Eu1Tb5, and Eu1Tb10) were studied in the 83–383 K temperature range. Irrespective of the chemical composition, we observed similar thermometric responses characterized by broad applicative temperature ranges (from 100 to 165 K wide), and high relative thermal sensitivity values (Sr), up to 2.40% K−1, in the physiological temperature range (298–318 K). All samples showed emissions endowed with peculiar and continuous color variation from green (83 K) to red (383 K) that can be exploited to develop a colorimetric temperature indicator. At fixed temperature, the color of the emitted light can be tuned by varying composition and excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bellucci
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (D.B.D.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-049-8275275 (G.B.); +39-050-2219262 (L.L.)
| | - Luca Labella
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ICMATE-CNR and INSTM, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (D.B.D.)
- Correspondence: (G.B.); (L.L.); Tel.: +39-049-8275275 (G.B.); +39-050-2219262 (L.L.)
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (D.B.D.)
| | - Simona Samaritani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (D.B.D.)
| | - Daniela Belli Dell'Amico
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale and CIRCC, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (S.S.); (D.B.D.)
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche and INSTM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, I-35131 Padova, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologie dei Materiali (DSCTM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Carlotto S, Babetto L, Bortolus M, Carlotto A, Rancan M, Bottaro G, Armelao L, Carbonera D, Casarin M. Nature of the Ligand-Centered Triplet State in Gd 3+ β-Diketonate Complexes as Revealed by Time-Resolved EPR Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15141-15150. [PMID: 34612628 PMCID: PMC8763374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A series of Gd3+ complexes
(Gd1–Gd3) with the general formula
GdL3(EtOH)2, where L is a β-diketone ligand
with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
substituents of increasing size (1–3), was studied by combining time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance
(TR-EPR) spectroscopy and DFT calculations to rationalize the anomalous
spectroscopic behavior of the bulkiest complex (Gd3)
through the series. Its faint phosphorescence band is observed only
at 80 K and it is strongly red-shifted (∼200 nm) from the intense
fluorescence band. Moreover, the TR-EPR spectral analysis found that
triplet levels of 3/Gd3 are effectively
populated and have smaller |D| values than those
of the other compounds. The combined use of zero-field splitting and
spin density delocalization calculations, together with spin population
analysis, allows us to explain both the large red shift and the low
intensity of the phosphorescence band observed for Gd3. The large red shift is determined by the higher delocalization
degree of the wavefunction, which implies a larger energy gap between
the excited S1 and T1 states. The low intensity
of the phosphorescence is due to the presence of C–H groups
which favor non-radiative decay. These groups are present in all complexes;
nevertheless, they have a relevant spin density only in Gd3. The spin population analysis on NaL models, in which Na+ is coordinated to a deprotonated ligand, mimicking the coordinative
environment of the complex, confirms the outcomes on the free ligands. A series of Gd3+ complexes
(Gd1−Gd3) were studied by combining
TR-EPR spectroscopy and DFT
calculations to rationalize the deviant spectroscopic behavior of
the bulkiest complex (Gd3). The combination of ZFS calculations
and the spin density delocalization analysis ascribed the larger red
shift to the higher degree of delocalization of the wavefunction and
the low intensity of the phosphorescence band to the presence of C−H
groups with relevant spin density that favor non-radiative decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Carlotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Babetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Carlotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology of Materials (DSCTM), National Research Council (CNR), Piazzale A. Moro 7, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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8
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Babetto L, Carlotto S, Carlotto A, Rancan M, Bottaro G, Armelao L, Casarin M. Multireference Ab Initio Investigation on Ground and Low-Lying Excited States: Systematic Evaluation of J- J Mixing in a Eu 3+ Luminescent Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:315-324. [PMID: 33320664 PMCID: PMC8769492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A theoretical protocol combining
density functional theory (DFT) and multireference (CAS) calculations
is proposed for a Eu3+ complex. In the complex, electronic
levels of the central Eu3+ ion are correctly calculated
at the CASPT2 level of theory, and the effect of introducing different
numbers of states in the configuration interaction matrices is highlighted
as well as the shortcomings of DFT methods in the treatment of systems
with high spin multiplicity and strong spin–orbit coupling
effects. For the 5D0 state energy calculation,
the inclusion of states with different multiplicity and the number
of states considered for each multiplicity are crucial parameters,
even if their relative weight is different. Indeed, the addition of
triplet and singlets is important, while the number of states is relevant
only for the quintets. The herein proposed protocol enables a rigorous,
full ab initio treatment of Eu3+ complex,
which can be easily extended to other Ln3+ ions. A theoretical protocol combining density
functional theory and multireference calculations is proposed for
a Eu3+ complex. For the 5D0 state
energy calculation, the inclusion of states with different multiplicity
and the number of states considered for each multiplicity are crucial
parameters. The herein proposed protocol enables a rigorous, full ab initio treatment of Eu3+ complex, which can
be easily extended to other Ln3+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Babetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Carlotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marzio Rancan
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Bottaro
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Armelao
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casarin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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