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Castro-Méndez AF, Jahanbakhshi F, LaFollette DK, Lawrie BJ, Li R, Perini CAR, Rappe AM, Correa-Baena JP. Tailoring Interface Energies via Phosphonic Acids to Grow and Stabilize Cubic FAPbI 3 Deposited by Thermal Evaporation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18459-18469. [PMID: 38934577 PMCID: PMC11240563 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Coevaporation of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) is a promising route for the fabrication of highly efficient and scalable optoelectronic devices, such as perovskite solar cells. However, it poses experimental challenges in achieving stoichiometric FAPbI3 films with a cubic structure (α-FAPbI3). In this work, we show that undesired hexagonal phases of both PbI2 and FAPbI3 form during thermal evaporation, including the well-known 2H-FAPbI3, which are detrimental for optoelectronic performance. We demonstrate the growth of α-FAPbI3 at room temperature via thermal evaporation by depositing phosphonic acids (PAc) on substrates and subsequently coevaporating PbI2 and formamidinium iodide. We use density-functional theory to develop a theoretical model to understand the relative growth energetics of the α and 2H phases of FAPbI3 for different molecular interactions. Experiments and theory show that the presence of PAc molecules stabilizes the formation of α-FAPbI3 in thin films when excess molecules are available to migrate during growth. This migration of molecules facilitates the continued presence of adsorbed organic precursors at the free surface throughout the evaporation, which lowers the growth energy of the α-FAPbI3 phase. Our theoretical analyses of PAc molecule-molecule interactions show that ligands can form hydrogen bonding to reduce the migration rate of the molecules through the deposited film, limiting the effects on the crystal structure stabilization. Our results also show that the phase stabilization with molecules that migrate is long-lasting and resistant to moist air. These findings enable reliable formation and processing of α-FAPbI3 films via vapor deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés-Felipe Castro-Méndez
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Diana K. LaFollette
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Lawrie
- The
Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National
Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11967, United States
| | - Carlo A. R. Perini
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United
States
| | - Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute
of Technology, North Ave NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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2
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Cha S, Lee G, Lee S, Ryu SH, Sohn Y, An G, Kang C, Kim M, Kim K, Soon A, Kim KS. Order-disorder phase transition driven by interlayer sliding in lead iodides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1981. [PMID: 37031234 PMCID: PMC10082779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of phase transitions have been found in two-dimensional layered materials, but some of their atomic-scale mechanisms are hard to clearly understand. Here, we report the discovery of a phase transition whose mechanism is identified as interlayer sliding in lead iodides, a layered material widely used to synthesize lead halide perovskites. The low-temperature crystal structure of lead iodides is found not 2H polytype as known before, but non-centrosymmetric 4H polytype. This undergoes the order-disorder phase transition characterized by the abrupt spectral broadening of valence bands, taken by angle-resolved photoemission, at the critical temperature of 120 K. It is accompanied by drastic changes in simultaneously taken photocurrent and photoluminescence. The transmission electron microscopy is used to reveal that lead iodide layers stacked in the form of 4H polytype at low temperatures irregularly slide over each other above 120 K, which can be explained by the low energy barrier of only 10.6 meV/atom estimated by first principles calculations. Our findings suggest that interlayer sliding is a key mechanism of the phase transitions in layered materials, which can significantly affect optoelectronic and optical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeong Cha
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Giyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sol Lee
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae Hee Ryu
- Advanced Light Source, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yeongsup Sohn
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gijeong An
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changmo Kang
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aloysius Soon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Keun Su Kim
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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3
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Szostak R, de Souza Gonçalves A, de Freitas JN, Marchezi PE, de Araújo FL, Tolentino HCN, Toney MF, das Chagas Marques F, Nogueira AF. In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3160-3236. [PMID: 36877871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells strongly depend on precursor materials and deposition methods adopted during the perovskite layer preparation. There are often a number of different formation pathways available when preparing perovskite films. Since the precise pathway and intermediary mechanisms affect the resulting properties of the cells, in situ studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of perovskite phases. These studies contributed to the development of procedures to improve the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the films and to move beyond spin-coating, with the use of scalable techniques. To explore the performance and degradation of devices, operando studies have been conducted on solar cells subjected to normal operating conditions, or stressed with humidity, high temperatures, and light radiation. This review presents an update of studies conducted in situ using a wide range of structural, imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, involving the formation/degradation of halide perovskites. Operando studies are also addressed, emphasizing the latest degradation results for perovskite solar cells. These works demonstrate the importance of in situ and operando studies to achieve the level of stability required for scale-up and consequent commercial deployment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Szostak
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jilian Nei de Freitas
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Marchezi
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Francineide Lopes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Cesar Nogueira Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Ana Flavia Nogueira
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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4
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Popov G, Bačić G, Van Dijck C, Junkers LS, Weiß A, Mattinen M, Vihervaara A, Chundak M, Jalkanen P, Mizohata K, Leskelä M, Masuda JD, Barry ST, Ritala M, Kemell M. Atomic layer deposition of PbCl 2, PbBr 2 and mixed lead halide (Cl, Br, I) PbX nY 2-n thin films. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15142-15157. [PMID: 36129328 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02216h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition offers outstanding film uniformity and conformality on substrates with high aspect ratio features. These qualities are essential for mixed-halide perovskite films applied in tandem solar cells, transistors and light-emitting diodes. The optical and electronic properties of mixed-halide perovskites can be adjusted by adjusting the ratios of different halides. So far ALD is only capable of depositing iodine-based halide perovskites whereas other halide processes are lacking. We describe six new low temperature (≤100 °C) ALD processes for PbCl2 and PbBr2 that are crucial steps for the deposition of mixed-halide perovskites with ALD. Lead bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide]-GaCl3 and -TiBr4 processes yield the purest, crystalline, uniform and conformal films of PbCl2 and PbBr2 respectively. We show that these two processes in combination with a PbI2 process from the literature deposit mixed lead halide films. The four less optimal processes revealed that reaction by-products in lead halide deposition processes may cause film etching or incorporate themselves into the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Popov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Goran Bačić
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Charlotte Van Dijck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laura S Junkers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Alexander Weiß
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Miika Mattinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anton Vihervaara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mykhailo Chundak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Pasi Jalkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kenichiro Mizohata
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 43, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jason D Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Seán T Barry
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Ferrer Orri J, Doherty TAS, Johnstone D, Collins SM, Simons H, Midgley PA, Ducati C, Stranks SD. Unveiling the Interaction Mechanisms of Electron and X-ray Radiation with Halide Perovskite Semiconductors using Scanning Nanoprobe Diffraction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200383. [PMID: 35288992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of high-energy electrons and X-ray photons with beam-sensitive semiconductors such as halide perovskites is essential for the characterization and understanding of these optoelectronic materials. Using nanoprobe diffraction techniques, which can investigate physical properties on the nanoscale, studies of the interaction of electron and X-ray radiation with state-of-the-art (FA0.79 MA0.16 Cs0.05 )Pb(I0.83 Br0.17 )3 hybrid halide perovskite films (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium) are performed, tracking the changes in the local crystal structure as a function of fluence using scanning electron diffraction and synchrotron nano X-ray diffraction techniques. Perovskite grains are identified, from which additional reflections, corresponding to PbBr2 , appear as a crystalline degradation phase after fluences of 200 e- Å- 2 . These changes are concomitant with the formation of small PbI2 crystallites at the adjacent high-angle grain boundaries, with the formation of pinholes, and with a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic. A similar degradation pathway is caused by photon irradiation in nano-X-ray diffraction, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. This approach explores the radiation limits of these materials and provides a description of the degradation pathways on the nanoscale. Addressing high-angle grain boundaries will be critical for the further improvement of halide polycrystalline film stability, especially for applications vulnerable to high-energy radiation such as space photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Duncan Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, 2800, Denmark
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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6
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Castillo-Seoane J, Contreras-Bernal L, Obrero-Perez JM, García-Casas X, Lorenzo-Lázaro F, Aparicio FJ, Lopez-Santos C, Rojas TC, Anta JA, Borrás A, Barranco Á, Sanchez-Valencia JR. Highly Anisotropic Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanowalls Grown by Glancing-Angle Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107739. [PMID: 35077604 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polarizers are ubiquitous components in current optoelectronic devices as displays or photographic cameras. Yet, control over light polarization is an unsolved challenge, since the main drawback of the existing display technologies is the significant optical losses. In such a context, organometal halide perovskites (OMHP) can play a decisive role given their flexible synthesis with tunable optical properties such as bandgap and photoluminescence, and excellent light emission with a low non-radiative recombination rate. Therefore, along with their outstanding electrical properties have elevated hybrid perovskites as the material of choice in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Among the different OMHP nanostructures, nanowires and nanorods have lately arisen as key players in the control of light polarization for lighting or detector applications. Herein, the fabrication of highly aligned and anisotropic methylammonium lead iodide perovskite nanowalls by glancing-angle deposition, which is compatible with most substrates, is presented. Their high alignment degree provides the samples with anisotropic optical properties such as light absorption and photoluminescence. Furthermore, their implementation in photovoltaic devices provides them with a polarization-sensitive response. This facile vacuum-based approach embodies a milestone in the development of last-generation polarization-sensitive perovskite-based optoelectronic devices such as lighting appliances or self-powered photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castillo-Seoane
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Physics Department, Facultad de Física, University of Seville, Avd. Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Lidia Contreras-Bernal
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | | | - Xabier García-Casas
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Aparicio
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics I, University of Seville, Virgen de Africa, Seville, 41011, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics I, University of Seville, Virgen de Africa, Seville, 41011, Spain
| | - Teresa Cristina Rojas
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Anta
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Ana Borrás
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Ángel Barranco
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Sanchez-Valencia
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Physics Department, Facultad de Física, University of Seville, Avd. Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville, 41012, Spain
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7
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Ma H, Wu X, Du W, Zhao L, Zhong Y, Chen S, Gao P, Yue S, Zhang Q, Liu W, Liu X. Edge Raman enhancement at layered PbI 2platelets induced by laser waveguide effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:035203. [PMID: 34627132 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2e5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor, lead iodide (PbI2) has been widely used in optoelectronics owing to its unique crystal structure and distinctive optical and electrical properties. A comprehensive understanding of its optical performance is essential for further application and progress. Here, we synthesized regularly shaped PbI2platelets using the chemical vapor deposition method. Raman scattering spectroscopy of PbI2platelets was predominantly enhanced when the laser radiated at the edge according to Raman mapping spectroscopy. Combining the outcome of polarized Raman scattering spectroscopy and finite-difference time domain simulation analysis, the Raman enhancement was proven to be the consequence of the enhancement effects inherent to the high refractive index contrast waveguide, which is naturally formed in well-defined PbI2platelets. Because of the enlarged excited area determined by the increased propagation length of the laser in the PbI2platelet formed waveguide, the total Raman enhancements are acquired rather than a localized point enhancement. Finally, the Raman enhancement factor is directly related to the thickness of the PbI2platelet, which further confirms the waveguide-enhanced edge Raman. Our investigation of the optical properties of PbI2platelets offers reference for potential 2D layered-related optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyi Ma
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangguang Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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8
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Wang H, Wang X, Li D. Defects of monolayer PbI 2: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20553-20559. [PMID: 34505581 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01246k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PbI2 is highly desired for optoelectronics, particularly as a crucial precursor in the preparation of hybrid perovskites. Multifarious defects of PbI2 have been frequently observed in experiments; however, the origin and impact on its intrinsic properties are not clear currently. Hereby, a systematic study on the defects in PbI2 was performed by first principles calculations. Likely defect structures in both 1T and 1H phases were predicted, and the corresponding formation energies at the neutral and charged states based on the pre-estimated chemical potential of I/Pb were both calculated. At the neutral states, the formation energy of VI is relatively low, which is consistent with the experimental observation. However, at the charged states, VPb seems to be dominant regardless of the chemical potential and contributes more to the conductivity. Compared with the two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, the relatively low formation energy of PbI2 indicates its flexibility and the weak Pb-I interaction. Our DFT calculations bring new insights into understanding the influence of defects on its opto-electrical performance and instruct to suppress the formation of those defects that are deleterious to its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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9
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Lin CC, Murakami TN, Chikamatsu M, Bessho T, Furue M, Segawa H. A Sodium Chloride Modification of SnO 2 Electron Transport Layers to Enhance the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17880-17889. [PMID: 34308023 PMCID: PMC8296025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A sodium chloride modification was applied where different amounts of sodium chloride was physically blended in a tin oxide colloid solution to passivate the interface between the electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite layer and improve the performance of perovskite solar cells. Sodium chloride-modified tin oxide was utilized as the electron transport material to fabricate perovskite solar cells. It was found that sodium chloride-modified tin oxide as an ETL could considerably enhance the performance of the device compared to pristine tin oxide. The power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell displayed 8.8% remarkable improvement from 18.7 ± 0.4% to 20.3 ± 0.3% on average and 9.5% improvement from 18.9 to 20.7% in champion devices because of the considerable enhancement of the fill factor when 25 mM sodium chloride-modified tin oxide as the ETL was used in comparison with pristine tin oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chang Lin
- Department
of General System Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Takurou N. Murakami
- Global
Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- Global
Zero Emission Research Center (GZR), National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 100-8921, Japan
| | - Takeru Bessho
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Miwako Furue
- Department
of General System Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Segawa
- Department
of General System Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Research
Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department
of Chemical System Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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10
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Ahlawat P, Hinderhofer A, Alharbi EA, Lu H, Ummadisingu A, Niu H, Invernizzi M, Zakeeruddin SM, Dar MI, Schreiber F, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M, Rothlisberger U, Parrinello M. A combined molecular dynamics and experimental study of two-step process enabling low-temperature formation of phase-pure α-FAPbI 3. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe3326. [PMID: 33893100 PMCID: PMC8064632 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the lack of understanding the crystallization process in a two-step sequential deposition has a direct impact on efficiency, stability, and reproducibility of perovskite solar cells. Here, we try to understand the solid-solid phase transition occurring during the two-step sequential deposition of methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide. Using metadynamics, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, we reveal the microscopic details of this process. We find that the formation of perovskite proceeds through intermediate structures and report polymorphs found for methylammonium lead iodide and formamidinium lead iodide. From simulations, we discover a possible crystallization pathway for the highly efficient metastable α phase of formamidinium lead iodide. Guided by these simulations, we perform experiments that result in the low-temperature crystallization of phase-pure α-formamidinium lead iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramvir Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Essa A Alharbi
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haizhou Lu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amita Ummadisingu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Haiyang Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Michele Invernizzi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ursula Rothlisberger
- Laboratory of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Parrinello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
- Facoltà di Informatica, Istituto di Scienze Computazionali, Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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11
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Ishii A, Miyasaka T. Quantum cutting-induced near-infrared luminescence of Yb 3+ and Er 3+ in a layer structured perovskite film. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:194704. [PMID: 33218237 DOI: 10.1063/5.0030596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum cutting is an attractive optical phenomenon where one high-energy photon is converted into two low-energy photons, resulting in photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) above 100%. In this report, we demonstrate a novel approach to enhance the quantum cutting energy transfer from an all-inorganic perovskite (CsPbCl3) to ytterbium (Yb3+) and erbium (Er3+) ions as near-infrared (NIR) emitters by using the highly orientated crystalline film. Yb3+ ions are fixed in the neighborhood of the CsPbCl3 lattice by preparing a one-to-one layer arrangement consisting of quasi-2D CsPbCl3 perovskite and Yb3+ layers. The successful preparation of layer arrangements resulted in the highly sensitized luminescence of Yb3+ by CsPbCl3 with NIR PLQYs exceeding 130%, which is attributed to quantum cutting. In addition, Er3+ luminescence at 1540 nm is acquired by the co-existence of Er3+ with Yb3+ in a layer, which is a result of the intralayer metal-to-metal energy transfer from Yb3+ activated by CsPbCl3 via the interlayer quantum cutting process. The PLQY of Er3+ luminescence reaches to 12.6%, which is the highest value ever observed for Er3+ compounds, resulting from the efficient interlayer quantum cutting process over 100% and the following intralayer resonance metal to metal energy transfer with the efficiency over 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ishii
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Rothmann MU, Kim JS, Borchert J, Lohmann KB, O’Leary CM, Sheader AA, Clark L, Snaith HJ, Johnston MB, Nellist PD, Herz LM. Atomic-scale microstructure of metal halide perovskite. Science 2020; 370:370/6516/eabb5940. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb5940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judy S. Kim
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
- ePSIC, Diamond Light Source, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QS, UK
| | - Juliane Borchert
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Kilian B. Lohmann
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Colum M. O’Leary
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Alex A. Sheader
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Laura Clark
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Michael B. Johnston
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Peter D. Nellist
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Laura M. Herz
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
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13
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Erkılıç U, Ji HG, Nishibori E, Ago H. One-step vapour phase growth of two-dimensional formamidinium-based perovskite and its hot carrier dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21512-21519. [PMID: 32955052 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formamidinum lead iodide perovskite is one of the most promising materials for application in solar cells due to its narrow band gap and higher thermal stability. In this work, we demonstrate the facile synthesis of square-shaped formamidinium lead iodide single crystals on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using a one-step vapour phase deposition method. Formamidinium lead iodide-based two-dimensional layered perovskite crystals were successfully synthesized by controlling the deposition conditions. These crystals exhibited a blue-shifted photoluminescence (PL) compared to the conventional formaminium lead iodide perovskite crystals. Power law fittings of the excitation power dependent PL spectra revealed that Auger heating becomes dominant at high excitation densities. In addition, we observed an asymmetric broadening of the PL peak tail at the high energy side, indicating light emission from hot carriers even under steady-state illumination conditions. Phonon-bottleneck effect and Auger heating were considered as the main mechanisms for retardation of hot carrier cooling. Further analysis of the high energy tails using Maxwell-Boltzmann fitting revealed hot-carrier temperatures as high as 690 K. Our findings provide an important aspect of the synthetic approach of perovskites for their potential application in hot carrier solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Erkılıç
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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14
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Harding AJ, Kuba AG, McCandless BE, Das UK, Dobson KD, Ogunnaike BA, Shafarman WN. The growth of methylammonium lead iodide perovskites by close space vapor transport. RSC Adv 2020; 10:16125-16131. [PMID: 35493662 PMCID: PMC9052789 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vapor deposition processes have shown promise for high-quality perovskite solar cells with potential pathways for scale-up to large area manufacturing. Here, we present a sequential close space vapor transport process to deposit CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite thin films by depositing a layer of PbI2 then reacting it with CH3NH3I (MAI) vapor. We find that, at T = 100 °C and pressure = 9 torr, a ∼225 nm-thick PbI2 film requires ≥125 minutes in MAI vapor to form a fully-reacted MAPI film. Raising the temperature to 160 °C increases the rate of reaction, such that MAPI forms within 15 minutes, but with reduced surface coverage. The reaction kinetics can be approximated as roughly first-order with respect to PbI2, though there is evidence for a more complicated functional relation. Perovskite films reacted at 100 °C for 150 minutes were fabricated into solar cells with an SLG/ITO/CdS/MAPI/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structure, and a device efficiency of 12.1% was achieved. These results validate the close space vapor transport process and serve as an advance toward scaled-up, vapor-phase perovskite manufacturing through continuous vapor transport deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Harding
- Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA +1-302-831-6200
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Austin G Kuba
- Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA +1-302-831-6200
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Brian E McCandless
- Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA +1-302-831-6200
| | - Ujjwal K Das
- Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA +1-302-831-6200
| | - Kevin D Dobson
- Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA +1-302-831-6200
| | | | - William N Shafarman
- Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware Newark Delaware 19716 USA +1-302-831-6200
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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15
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Sinha S, Zhu T, France-Lanord A, Sheng Y, Grossman JC, Porfyrakis K, Warner JH. Atomic structure and defect dynamics of monolayer lead iodide nanodisks with epitaxial alignment on graphene. Nat Commun 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32041958 PMCID: PMC7010709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead Iodide (PbI2) is a large bandgap 2D layered material that has potential for semiconductor applications. However, atomic level study of PbI2 monolayer has been limited due to challenges in obtaining thin crystals. Here, we use liquid exfoliation to produce monolayer PbI2 nanodisks (30-40 nm in diameter and > 99% monolayer purity) and deposit them onto suspended graphene supports to enable atomic structure study of PbI2. Strong epitaxial alignment of PbI2 monolayers with the underlying graphene lattice occurs, leading to a phase shift from the 1 T to 1 H structure to increase the level of commensuration in the two lattice spacings. The fundamental point vacancy and nanopore structures in PbI2 monolayers are directly imaged, showing rapid vacancy migration and self-healing. These results provide a detailed insight into the atomic structure of monolayer PbI2, and the impact of the strong van der Waals interaction with graphene, which has importance for future applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Sinha
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arthur France-Lanord
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yuewen Sheng
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 204 Dean Keeton Street, Austin, 78712, USA.
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16
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Erkılıç U, Solís-Fernández P, Ji HG, Shinokita K, Lin YC, Maruyama M, Suenaga K, Okada S, Matsuda K, Ago H. Vapor Phase Selective Growth of Two-Dimensional Perovskite/WS 2 Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40503-40511. [PMID: 31589816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted increased interest owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and promising applications. Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), such as tungsten disulfide (WS2), are also intriguing because of their unique optoelectronic properties and their atomically thin and flexible structures. Therefore, the combination of these different types of materials is very attractive in terms of fundamental science of interface interaction, as well as for the realization of ultrathin optoelectronic devices with high performance. Here, we demonstrate the controlled synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) perovskite/WS2 heterostructures by an all vapor-phase growth approach. This involves the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of monolayer WS2, followed by the vapor-phase selective deposition of 2D PbI2 onto the WS2 with the successive conversion of PbI2 to organic-inorganic perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3). Moreover, the selective growth of the perovskite on prepatterned WS2 enables the direct synthesis of patterned heterostructures, avoiding any damage to the perovskite. The photodetectors utilizing the perovskite/WS2 heterostructure show increased responsivities compared with isolated thin perovskite obtained by conventional solution methods. The integration of 2D perovskite with TMDCs opens a new avenue to fabricate advanced devices by combining their unique properties and overcoming current processing difficulties of perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Erkılıç
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | | | - Hyun Goo Ji
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinokita
- Institute of Advanced Energy , Kyoto University , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Yung-Chang Lin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Kazu Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8571 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy , Kyoto University , Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan
| | - Hiroki Ago
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
- Global Innovation Center (GIC) , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 816-8580 , Japan
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17
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Borghesi C, Radicchi E, Belpassi L, Meggiolaro D, De Angelis F, Nunzi F. The nature of the lead-iodine bond in PbI2: A case study for the modelling of lead halide perovskites. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Alberti A, Bongiorno C, Smecca E, Deretzis I, La Magna A, Spinella C. Pb clustering and PbI 2 nanofragmentation during methylammonium lead iodide perovskite degradation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2196. [PMID: 31097719 PMCID: PMC6522562 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying defect formation and evolution in MethylAmmonium lead Iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite layers has a bottleneck in the softness of the matter and in its consequent sensitivity to external solicitations. Here we report that, in a polycrystalline MAPbI3 layer, Pb-related defects aggregate into nanoclusters preferentially at the triple grain boundaries as unveiled by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses at low total electron dose. Pb-clusters are killer against MAPbI3 integrity since they progressively feed up the hosting matrix. This progression is limited by the concomitant but slower transformation of the MAPbI3 core to fragmented and interconnected nano-grains of 6H-PbI2 that are structurally linked to the mother grain as in strain-relaxed heteroepitaxial coupling. The phenomenon occurs more frequently under TEM degradation whilst air degradation is more prone to leave uncorrelated [001]-oriented 2H-PbI2 grains as statistically found by X-Ray Diffraction. This path is kinetically costlier but thermodynamically favoured and is easily activated by catalytic species. Methylammonium lead halide perovskites have great potential for optoelectronic applications but are prone to degradation. Here the authors show that degradation can occur through clustering of Pb containing defects at the grain boundaries while concurrent formation of PbI2 blocks further reactions, suggesting a strategy for passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emanuele Smecca
- CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n°5, 95121, Catania, Italy
| | - Ioannis Deretzis
- CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n°5, 95121, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Spinella
- CNR-IMM, Zona Industriale Strada VIII n°5, 95121, Catania, Italy
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19
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Mishra A, Ahmad Z, Touati F, Shakoor RA, Nazeeruddin MK. One-dimensional facile growth of MAPbI3 perovskite micro-rods. RSC Adv 2019; 9:11589-11594. [PMID: 35520240 PMCID: PMC9063419 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One-dimensional microrods (4–5 mm) of PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with unique structural and morphological properties have been grown at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of both types of micro-rods exhibit a hexagonal system (P3̄m1(164) space group) with 2H polytype structures. In the case of PbI2, the atomic composition of the microcrystals indicates the formation of pure phases of PbI2, however, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) of MAPbI3 indicates the existence of intermediate phases due to the addition of MAI. FTIR results reveal the existence of a strong interaction between C–H and N–H groups in the crystals which has been cross validated by Raman spectroscopic analysis. The morphological studies performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm the crack free morphology of PbI2 and MAPbI3 micro-rods with a porous structure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies show that the addition of MAI in the PbI2 reduced the weight loss and the decomposition temperature has been increased by 1.5 °C as well. The growth of these unique one-dimensional micro-rods signifies a novel concept in perovskite synthesis for solar cells and optoelectronic applications. One-dimensional microrods (4–5 mm) of PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) with unique structural and morphological properties have been grown at room temperature.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Mishra
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM)
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Farid Touati
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - R. A. Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM)
- Qatar University
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne
- CH-1951 Sion
- Switzerland
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20
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Zhong Y, Wei Q, Liu Z, Shang Q, Zhao L, Shao R, Zhang Z, Chen J, Du W, Shen C, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Gao P, Xing G, Liu X, Zhang Q. Low Threshold Fabry-Pérot Mode Lasing from Lead Iodide Trapezoidal Nanoplatelets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801938. [PMID: 30066432 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead Iodide (PbI2 ) is a layered semiconductor with direct band gap holding great promises in green light emission and detection devices. Recently, PbI2 planar lasers are demonstrated using hexagonal whispering-gallery-mode microcavities, but the lasing threshold is quite high. In this work, lasing from vapor phase deposition derived PbI2 trapezoidal nanoplatelets (NPs) with threshold that is at least an order of magnitude lower than the previous value is reported. The growth mechanism of the trapezoidal NPs is explored and attributed to the synergistic effects of van der Waals interactions and lattice mismatching. The lasing is enabled by the population inversion of n = 1 excitons and the optical feedback is provided by the Fabry-Pérot oscillation between the side facets of trapezoidal NPs. The findings not only advance the understanding of growth and photophysics mechanism of PbI2 nanostructures but also provide ideas to develop low threshold ultrathin lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiuyu Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruiwen Shao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenna Du
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Research Center for Wide Gap Semiconductor, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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21
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Ismail RA, Mousa AM, Amin MH. Effect of Laser Fluence on the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of 2H-PbI2 Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Ethanol. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Yao Z, Wang W, Shen H, Zhang Y, Luo Q, Yin X, Dai X, Li J, Lin H. CH 3NH 3PbI 3 grain growth and interfacial properties in meso-structured perovskite solar cells fabricated by two-step deposition. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:253-262. [PMID: 28458747 PMCID: PMC5402745 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1298974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the two-step deposition (TSD) method is widely adopted for the high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite crystal growth mechanism during the TSD process and the photo-generated charge recombination dynamics in the mesoporous-TiO2 (mp-TiO2)/CH3NH3PbI3/hole transporting material (HTM) system remains unexploited. Herein, we modified the concentration of PbI2 (C(PbI2)) solution to control the perovskite crystal properties, and observed an abnormal CH3NH3PbI3 grain growth phenomenon atop mesoporous TiO2 film. To illustrate this abnormal grain growth mechanism, we propose that a grain ripening process is taking place during the transformation from PbI2 to CH3NH3PbI3, and discuss the PbI2 nuclei morphology, perovskite grain growing stage, as well as Pb:I atomic ratio difference among CH3NH3PbI3 grains with different morphology. These C(PbI2)-dependent perovskite morphologies resulted in varied charge carrier transfer properties throughout the mp-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/HTM hybrid, as illustrated by photoluminescence measurement. Furthermore, the effect of CH3NH3PbI3 morphology on light absorption and interfacial properties is investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenli Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Heping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qiang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuewen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuezeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Materials and Chemical Engineering Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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23
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Zuo L, Dong S, De Marco N, Hsieh YT, Bae SH, Sun P, Yang Y. Morphology Evolution of High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells via Vapor Induced Intermediate Phases. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15710-15716. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Zuo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shiqi Dong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nicholas De Marco
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yao-Tsung Hsieh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Pengyu Sun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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24
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Lee H, Kim A, Kwon HC, Yang W, Oh Y, Lee D, Moon J. Retarding Crystallization during Facile Single Coating of NaCl-Incorporated Precursor Solution for Efficient Large-Area Uniform Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29419-29426. [PMID: 27731622 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated crystallization retardation of CH3NH3PbI3 thin film during single coating of precursor solution by simple addition of NaCl. NaCl was codissolved into a precursor mixture solution containing PbI2 and methylammonium iodide (MAI). Dissolved NaCl interacted with the PbI2 in solution and produced a stable intermediate phase, which was converted to a full-coverage uniform perovskite absorber layer via reaction with MAI during a single spin-coating. The resulting planar-structure perovskite solar cell made from NaCl-supplemented precursor solution showed a 48% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) (maximum value 15.16%) over the device fabricated without the additive. Our NaCl-supplemented single coating represents an easy approach to effectively obtain highly reproducible uniform performance at an overall position in 5 cm × 5 cm sized cells (divided into 20 subcells with an active area of 0.06 cm2) with average PCEs of 12.00 ± 0.48%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongseuk Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok-Chan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseok Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjung Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Moon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University , Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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25
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Shmyreva AA, Safdari M, Furó I, Dvinskikh SV. NMR longitudinal relaxation enhancement in metal halides by heteronuclear polarization exchange during magic-angle spinning. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:224201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Patel JB, Milot RL, Wright AD, Herz LM, Johnston MB. Formation Dynamics of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Following Two-Step Layer Deposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:96-102. [PMID: 26667323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid metal-halide perovskites have emerged as a leading class of semiconductors for optoelectronic devices because of their desirable material properties and versatile fabrication methods. However, little is known about the chemical transformations that occur in the initial stages of perovskite crystal formation. Here we follow the real-time formation dynamics of MAPbI3 from a bilayer of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) deposited through a two-step thermal evaporation process. By lowering the substrate temperature during deposition, we are able to initially inhibit intermixing of the two layers. We subsequently use infrared and visible light transmission, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence lifetime measurements to reveal the room-temperature transformations that occur in vacuum and ambient air, as MAI diffuses into the PbI2 lattice to form MAPbI3. In vacuum, the transformation to MAPbI3 is incomplete as unreacted MAI is retained in the film. However, exposure to moist air allows for conversion of the unreacted MAI to MAPbI3, demonstrating that moisture is essential in making MAI more mobile and thus aiding perovskite crystallization. These dynamic processes are reflected in the observed charge-carrier lifetimes, which strongly fluctuate during periods of large ion migration but steadily increase with improving crystallinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay B Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Adam D Wright
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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27
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Yu WW. Pressure-induced phase transitions of lead iodide. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16487k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-pressure phase transitions of lead iodide have been proposed up to 200 GPa through the theoretically swarm-intelligent global structure searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - William W. Yu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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28
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Baibarac M, Nila A, Baltog I. Polarized Raman spectra of phosphorene in edge and top view measuring configurations. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09682d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the anisotropic features of the A1g, B2gand A2gvibrational Raman modes of phosphorene by performing for the first time a comparison of two orthogonal polarized Raman scattering studies in edge and top view measuring configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Baibarac
- National Institute of Material Physics
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructures Materials
- Magurele-Ilfov
- Romania
| | - A. Nila
- National Institute of Material Physics
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructures Materials
- Magurele-Ilfov
- Romania
- University of Bucharest
| | - I. Baltog
- National Institute of Material Physics
- Laboratory of Optical Processes in Nanostructures Materials
- Magurele-Ilfov
- Romania
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29
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Guo Y, Shoyama K, Sato W, Matsuo Y, Inoue K, Harano K, Liu C, Tanaka H, Nakamura E. Chemical Pathways Connecting Lead(II) Iodide and Perovskite via Polymeric Plumbate(II) Fiber. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15907-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuo
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kento Inoue
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chao Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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30
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Miyadera T, Shibata Y, Koganezawa T, Murakami TN, Sugita T, Tanigaki N, Chikamatsu M. Crystallization Dynamics of Organolead Halide Perovskite by Real-Time X-ray Diffraction. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5630-5634. [PMID: 26236916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the crystallization process of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite by observing real-time X-ray diffraction immediately after combining a PbI2 thin film with a CH3NH3I solution. A detailed analysis of the transformation kinetics demonstrated the fractal diffusion of the CH3NH3I solution into the PbI2 film. Moreover, the perovskite crystal was found to be initially oriented based on the PbI2 crystal orientation but to gradually transition to a random orientation. The fluctuating characteristics of the crystallization process of perovskites, such as fractal penetration and orientational transformation, should be controlled to allow the fabrication of high-quality perovskite crystals. The characteristic reaction dynamics observed in this study should assist in establishing reproducible fabrication processes for perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Miyadera
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- ‡Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yosei Shibata
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- §Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takurou N Murakami
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugita
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Tanigaki
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Masayuki Chikamatsu
- †National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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31
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Rong Y, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Zhong X, Venkatesan S, Graham H, Patton M, Jing Y, Guloy AM, Yao Y. Solvent engineering towards controlled grain growth in perovskite planar heterojunction solar cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:10595-9. [PMID: 26037081 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02866c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report an effective solvent engineering process to enable controlled perovskite crystal growth and a wider window for processing uniform and dense methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films. Planar heterojunction solar cells fabricated with this method demonstrate hysteresis-free performance with a power conversion efficiency around 10%. The crystal structure of an organic-based Pb iodide intermediate phase is identified for the first time, which is critical in controlling the crystal growth and optimizing thin film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoguang Rong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
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32
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Du T, Wang N, Chen H, Lin H, He H. Comparative study of vapor- and solution-crystallized perovskite for planar heterojunction solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:3382-3388. [PMID: 25590573 DOI: 10.1021/am508495r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) could be crystallized by exposing PbI2 to either CH3NH3I solution or CH3NH3I vapor. Though high performance was achieved in both approaches, it was still not clear which approach would be more desirable for device performance in principle. Herein, we addressed this issue by investigating the influence of crystallization condition on perovskite morphology, and subsequently on device performances. We found that vapor-crystallized perovskite devices demonstrated smoother surface morphology, better light absorption, lower charge recombination, and thus much higher conversion efficiency than solution-crystallized devices, which would give some useful enlightenment to develop high-performance planar perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, P.R. China
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33
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Jiang F, Liu T, Zeng S, Zhao Q, Min X, Li Z, Tong J, Meng W, Xiong S, Zhou Y. Metal electrode-free perovskite solar cells with transfer-laminated conducting polymer electrode. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:A83-A91. [PMID: 25836256 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.000a83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We report perovskite solar cells with a new device structure that employ highly conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) as the top electrode replacing commonly used metal electrodes. The PEDOT PSS top electrode is prepared from its aqueous solution through a transfer-lamination technique rather than direct spin-coating, which converts the CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) into PbI(2). Perovskite solar cells with the structure of glass/FTO/c-TiO(2)/m-TiO(2)/CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3)/spiro-OMeTAD/PEDOT:PSS yield a maximum open-circuit voltage (V(OC)) of 1.02 V, and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.29% under AM1.5 100 mW/cm(2) illumination. The whole device was fabricated in air without high-vacuum deposition which simplifies the processing and lowers the threshold of both scientific research and industrial production of perovskite solar cells.
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34
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Yang S, Chen Y, Zheng YC, Chen X, Hou Y, Yang HG. Formation of high-quality perovskite thin film for planar heterojunction solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12348h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution processing of flat, uniform film can be realized via judicious choice of solvents of the sequential deposition technique which generates mirror-like perovskite film with resemble surface roughness to that from vapor assisted method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yi Chu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yu Hou
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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35
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Chua CK, Sofer Z, Lim CS, Pumera M. Inherent Electrochemistry of Layered Post-Transition Metal Halides: The Unexpected Effect of Potential Cycling of PbI2. Chemistry 2014; 21:3073-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Hao F, Stoumpos CC, Liu Z, Chang RPH, Kanatzidis MG. Controllable Perovskite Crystallization at a Gas–Solid Interface for Hole Conductor-Free Solar Cells with Steady Power Conversion Efficiency over 10%. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16411-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja509245x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hao
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering,
and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Constantinos C. Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering,
and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering,
and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Robert P. H. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering,
and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of
Materials Science and Engineering,
and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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37
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Jeon NJ, Noh JH, Kim YC, Yang WS, Ryu S, Seok SI. Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:897-903. [PMID: 24997740 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2057] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Organolead trihalide perovskite materials have been successfully used as light absorbers in efficient photovoltaic cells. Two different cell structures, based on mesoscopic metal oxides and planar heterojunctions have already demonstrated very impressive advances in performance. Here, we report a bilayer architecture comprising the key features of mesoscopic and planar structures obtained by a fully solution-based process. We used CH3NH3 Pb(I(1-x)Br(x))3 (x = 0.1-0.15) as the absorbing layer and poly(triarylamine) as a hole-transporting material. The use of a mixed solvent of γ-butyrolactone and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) followed by toluene drop-casting leads to extremely uniform and dense perovskite layers via a CH3NH3I-PbI2-DMSO intermediate phase, and enables the fabrication of remarkably improved solar cells with a certified power-conversion efficiency of 16.2% and no hysteresis. These results provide important progress towards the understanding of the role of solution-processing in the realization of low-cost and highly efficient perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Joong Jeon
- 1] Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea [2]
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- 1] Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea [2]
| | - Young Chan Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Woon Seok Yang
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Seungchan Ryu
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
| | - Sang Il Seok
- 1] Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Korea [2] Department of Energy Science, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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38
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Haruyama J, Sodeyama K, Han L, Tateyama Y. Termination Dependence of Tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3 Surfaces for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2903-9. [PMID: 26278097 DOI: 10.1021/jz501510v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the termination dependence of structural stability and electronic states of the representative (110), (001), (100), and (101) surfaces of tetragonal CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), the main component of a perovskite solar cell (PSC), by density functional theory calculations. By examining various types of PbIx polyhedron terminations, we found that a vacant termination is more stable than flat termination on all of the surfaces, under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions of bulk MAPbI3. More interestingly, both terminations can coexist especially on the more probable (110) and (001) surfaces. The electronic structures of the stable vacant and PbI2-rich flat terminations on these two surfaces largely maintain the characteristics of bulk MAPbI3 without midgap states. Thus, these surfaces can contribute to the long carrier lifetime actually observed for the PSCs. Furthermore, the shallow surface states on the (110) and (001) flat terminations can be efficient intermediates of hole transfer. Consequently, the formation of the flat terminations under the PbI2-rich condition will be beneficial for the improvement of PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keitaro Sodeyama
- §Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Liyuan Han
- ∥Photovoltaic Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- ⊥PRESTO and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tateyama
- §Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
- ⊥PRESTO and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 333-0012, Japan
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Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon SJ, Humphry-Baker R, Gao P, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M. Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells. Nature 2013; 499:316-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7683] [Impact Index Per Article: 698.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Chaudhary SK, Kaur H. Impurity induced structural phase transformations in melt grown single crystals of lead iodide. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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