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Siddiqui DA, Lakkasetter Chandrashekar B, Natarajan SG, Palmer KL, Rodrigues DC. Development of a Coculture Model for Assessing Competing Host Mammalian Cell and Bacterial Attachment on Zirconia versus Titanium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:6218-6229. [PMID: 39312708 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Coculture models are limited by bacteria rapidly outcompeting host mammalian cells for nutrients in vitro, resulting in mammalian cell death. The goal of this study was to develop a coculture model enabling survival of mammalian cells and oral bacterial species to assess their competition for growth on dental implant materials. Methods: Two early colonizing oral bacterial species, Streptococcus mutans or Actinomyces naeslundii, were grown in coculture with primary human macrophages or human gingival fibroblasts for up to 7 days on tissue-culture treated polystyrene or polished titanium and zirconia disks. Chloramphenicol was supplemented in cell culture medium at bacteriostatic concentrations to maintain stable bacterial inoculum size. Planktonic and adherent bacterial growth was assessed via spot plating while mammalian cell growth and attachment were evaluated using colorimetric metabolic assay and confocal fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Results: Macrophages and fibroblasts proliferated in the presence of S. mutans and maintained viability above 70% during coculture for up to 7 days on tissue-culture treated polystyrene and polished titanium and zirconia. In contrast, both mammalian cell types exhibited decreasing proliferation and surface coverage on titanium and zirconia over time in coculture with A. naeslundii versus control. S. mutans and A. naeslundii were maintained within an order of magnitude of seeding inoculum sizes throughout coculture. Significance: Cell culture medium supplemented with antibiotics at bacteriostatic concentrations can suppress bacterial overgrowth and facilitate mammalian cell viability in coculture model systems. Within the study's limitations, oral bacteria and mammalian cell growth in coculture are comparable on polished titanium and zirconia surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyal A Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | | | - Smriti G Natarajan
- Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Kelli L Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Danieli C Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Yu YM, Lu YP, Zhang T, Zheng YF, Liu YS, Xia DD. Biomaterials science and surface engineering strategies for dental peri-implantitis management. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:29. [PMID: 38741175 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a bacterial infection that causes soft tissue inflammatory lesions and alveolar bone resorption, ultimately resulting in implant failure. Dental implants for clinical use barely have antibacterial properties, and bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the dental implants are major causes of peri-implantitis. Treatment strategies such as mechanical debridement and antibiotic therapy have been used to remove dental plaque. However, it is particularly important to prevent the occurrence of peri-implantitis rather than treatment. Therefore, the current research spot has focused on improving the antibacterial properties of dental implants, such as the construction of specific micro-nano surface texture, the introduction of diverse functional coatings, or the application of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties. The aforementioned antibacterial surfaces can be incorporated with bioactive molecules, metallic nanoparticles, or other functional components to further enhance the osteogenic properties and accelerate the healing process. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in biomaterial science and the modification strategies applied to dental implants to inhibit biofilm formation and facilitate bone-implant integration. Furthermore, we summarized the obstacles existing in the process of laboratory research to reach the clinic products, and propose corresponding directions for future developments and research perspectives, so that to provide insights into the rational design and construction of dental implants with the aim to balance antibacterial efficacy, biological safety, and osteogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Meng Yu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu-Pu Lu
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yun-Song Liu
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Xia
- Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
- National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Chiang CC, Xia X, Craciun V, Rocha MG, Camargo SEA, Rocha FRG, Gopalakrishnan SK, Ziegler KJ, Ren F, Esquivel-Upshaw JF. Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5751. [PMID: 37687444 PMCID: PMC10488823 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a major cause of dental implant failure. This disease is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, and, while the cause is multi-factorial, bacteria is the main culprit in initiating an inflammatory reaction. Dental implants with silicon carbonitride (SiCN) coatings have several potential advantages over traditional titanium implants, but their antibacterial efficiency has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial potential of SiCN by modifying the surface of SiCN-coated implants to have a positive charge on the nitrogen atoms through the quaternization of the surface atoms. The changes in surface chemistry were confirmed using contact angle measurement and XPS analysis. The modified SiCN surfaces were inoculated with Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and compared with a silicon control. The cultured bacterial colonies for the experimental group were 80% less than the control silicon surface. Fluorescent microscopy with live bacteria staining demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial coverage after 3 and 7 days of incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the coated surfaces after bacterial inoculation, and the mechanism for the antibacterial properties of the quaternized SiCN was confirmed by observing ruptured bacteria membrane along the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ching Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Valentin Craciun
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Mateus Garcia Rocha
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo
- Department of Comprehensive Oral Healthy, Adams Dental School, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Sarathy K. Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Kirk J. Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (C.-C.C.)
| | - Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Zhao NR, Guo YN, Cui SJ, Tian YJ, Zhou YH, Wang XD. Microbiological Advances in Orthodontics: An Overview and Detailed Analysis of Temporary Anchorage Devices. Curr Med Sci 2022; 42:1157-1163. [PMID: 36544036 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental biofilm is the initiating factor of oral diseases, such as periodontitis and caries. Orthodontic treatment could alter the microbiome structure balance, and increase the risk of such diseases. Furthermore, fixed appliances can induce temporary changes in the microbiome community, and the changes that clear aligners bring are smaller by comparison. Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are skeletal anchorages that are widely used in orthodontic treatment. Microorganisms affect the occurrence and development of inflammation surrounding TADs. At present, existing researches have verified the existence of plaque biofilm on the surface of TADs, but the formation of plaque biofilm and plaque composition under different stable conditions have not been fully understood. The development of high-throughput sequencing, molecular biology experiments, and metabonomics have provided new research ideas to solve this problem. They can become an effective means to explore the microbiome surrounding TADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Rui Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Ning Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ya-Jing Tian
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan-Heng Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Hasan J, Bright R, Hayles A, Palms D, Zilm P, Barker D, Vasilev K. Preventing Peri-implantitis: The Quest for a Next Generation of Titanium Dental Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4697-4737. [PMID: 36240391 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys are frequently the biomaterial of choice for dental implant applications. Although titanium dental implants have been utilized for decades, there are yet unresolved issues pertaining to implant failure. Dental implant failure can arise either through wear and fatigue of the implant itself or peri-implant disease and subsequent host inflammation. In the present report, we provide a comprehensive review of titanium and its alloys in the context of dental implant material, and how surface properties influence the rate of bacterial colonization and peri-implant disease. Details are provided on the various periodontal pathogens implicated in peri-implantitis, their adhesive behavior, and how this relationship is governed by the implant surface properties. Issues of osteointegration and immunomodulation are also discussed in relation to titanium dental implants. Some impediments in the commercial translation for a novel titanium-based dental implant from "bench to bedside" are discussed. Numerous in vitro studies on novel materials, processing techniques, and methodologies performed on dental implants have been highlighted. The present report review that comprehensively compares the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of titanium and its alloys for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hasan
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Hayles
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis Palms
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dan Barker
- ANISOP Holdings, Pty. Ltd., 101 Collins St, Melbourne VIC, 3000 Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- Academic Unit of STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia
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Prolonged Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation by Sustained Release of Chlorhexidine from Varnish Coated Dental Abutments: An in Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:7246155. [PMID: 36275203 PMCID: PMC9586801 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7246155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been confirmed that bacterial biofilm covering dental implants is the main microbial source causing preimplant infectious and inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial/antibiofilm effect of chlorhexidine, incorporated into a sustained-release varnish of chlorhexidine (SRV-CHX) coating, on dental abutments. Materials and Methods Three kinds of dental abutments were used: a high-performance semi-crystalline engineering thermoplastic polyetheretherketone (PEAK) healing abutment, a titanium healing abutment, and a titanium permanent abutment. These abutments were coated with SRV-CHX or SRV-placebo and exposed daily to fresh cultures of Streptococcus mutans. The effect of SRV-CHX on S. mutans growth on agar plates was studied by measuring the zone of inhibition (ZOI) around each tested abutment every day for a period of 36 days. Biofilm formation on the SRV-CHX/placebo-coated abutments was detected using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and monitored by crystal violet (CV) staining. Results SRV-CHX-coated abutments 2 and 3 were able to inhibit S. mutans growth for 34 days, while abutment 1 inhibited growth for 32 days. Abutment-associated biofilm formation was notably inhibited by SRV-CHX coating after 13 days of incubation with S. mutans. Finally, the biofilm formed around SRV-CHX-coated abutments was completely inhibited up to 12 days of abutment exposure to S. mutans. Conclusion Coating of dental abutments with SRV-CHX demonstrated long-term effective inhibition of S. mutans growth and biofilm formation on the abutment surface.
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Kim HR, Han MS, Eom YB. Anti-bacterial and Anti-biofilm Effects of Equol on Yersinia enterocolitica. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:401-410. [PMID: 35974918 PMCID: PMC9375796 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica has clinical significance due to its etiological role in yersiniosis and gastroenteritis. This study was designed to assess anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm effects of equol on Y. enterocolitica via phenotypic and genetic analyses. To determine its anti-bacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of equol against clinically isolated Y. enterocolitica strains were analyzed. Subsequently, it was confirmed that the sub-MIC90 value of equol could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce preformed biofilm. Furthermore, it was found that equol could reduce the expression of biofilm-related (hmsT) gene in Y. enterocolitica. This study also demonstrated that equol not only reduced levels of bacterial motility, but also decreased the expression of a motility-related (flhDC) gene in Y. enterocolitica. XTT [2,3-bis (2-metoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction analysis revealed that equol attenuated cellular metabolic activities in Y. enterocolitica biofilm. Additionally, changes in biomass and cell density in equol-treated biofilms were visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope. In conclusion, this study suggests that equol is a potential anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm agent to treat Y. enterocolitica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Han
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, 22 Soonchunhyang-ro, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31538 Republic of Korea
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Souza JGS, Costa Oliveira BE, Costa RC, Bechara K, Cardoso-Filho O, Benso B, Shibli JA, Bertolini M, Barāo VAR. Bacterial-derived extracellular polysaccharides reduce antimicrobial susceptibility on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105521. [PMID: 35988499 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular biofilm matrix plays a role in reducing bacterial susceptibility against antimicrobials. Since the surface where biofilm is growing modulates microbial accumulation and bacterial-derived exopolysaccharides (EPS) synthesis, this study compared the role of EPS to reduce antimicrobial susceptibility on biotic (dental surface) and abiotic (titanium (Ti) material) surfaces and the effect of remaining matrix-enriched biofilms to promote bacterial recolonization. DESIGN 48 h Streptococcus mutans UA159 strain biofilms were grown on enamel and Ti surfaces. The medium was supplemented with 1% sucrose, substrate for EPS synthesis, or with 0.5% glucose + 0.5% fructose as control. Chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% was used for antimicrobial treatment. Biofilms were collected and the following analyses were considered: viable bacterial counts, biofilm pH, EPS content, and biofilm structure by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Substrate surfaces were analyzed by 3D laser scanning confocal microscope. RESULTS Enamel surface showed a higher amount of EPS content (p < 0.05), which may be explained by the higher bacterial biomass compared to Ti material. EPS content reduced bacterial susceptibility against antimicrobial treatments for both substrates, compared to EPS control (p < 0.05). However, sucrose-treated cells presented the same magnitude of reduction for Ti or enamel. Interestingly, matrix-enriched biofilms favored bacterial recolonization for both substrates. CONCLUSION The surface where the biofilm is growing modulates the amount of EPS synthesized and matrix content plays a key role in reducing antimicrobial susceptibility and promoting bacterial recolonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joāo Gabriel S Souza
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil; Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Raphael C Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen Bechara
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Otávio Cardoso-Filho
- Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jamil Awad Shibli
- Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martinna Bertolini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valentim A R Barāo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Liu M, Huang L, Xu X, Wei X, Yang X, Li X, Wang B, Xu Y, Li L, Yang Z. Copper Doped Carbon Dots for Addressing Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Wound Infection, and Tooth Staining. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9479-9497. [PMID: 35713471 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oral infectious diseases and tooth staining, the main challenges of dental healthcare, are inextricably linked to microbial colonization and the formation of pathogenic biofilms. However, dentistry has so far still lacked simple, safe, and universal prophylactic options and therapy. Here, we report copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) that display enhanced catalytic (catalase-like, peroxidase-like) activity in the oral environment for inhibiting initial bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) adhesion and for subsequent biofilm eradication without impacting the surrounding oral tissues via oxygen (O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Especially, Cu-CDs exhibit strong affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycans (PGN), thus conferring them with excellent antibacterial ability against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), such that they can prevent wound purulent infection and promoting rapid wound healing. Additionally, the Cu-CDs/H2O2 system shows a better performance in tooth whitening, compared with results obtained with other alternatives, e.g., CDs and clinically used H2O2, particularly its negligible enamel and dentin destruction. It is anticipated that the biocompatible Cu-CDs presented in this work are a promising nano-mouthwash for eliminating oral pathogenic biofilms, prompting wound healing as well as tooth whitening, highlighting their significance in oral health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xianfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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OmerOglou E, Karaca B, Kibar H, Haliscelik O, Kiran F. The role of microbiota-derived postbiotic mediators on biofilm formation and quorum sensing-mediated virulence of Streptococcus mutans: A perspective on preventing dental caries. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105390. [PMID: 35092835 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is not only one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, but also a public health problem, undoubtedly. Among the various types of cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans is considered to be the major etiological pathogen of dental caries. The present study aimed to assess the influence of microbiota-derived postbiotic mediators (PMs) on the pathogenesis of dental caries. Within this aim, the antibacterial (agar diffusion method) and antibiofilm (crystal violet assay) characteristics of PMs derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EIR/IF-1, Lactiplantibacillus curvatus EIR/DG-1, and Lactiplantibacillus curvatus EIR/BG-2 against S. mutans (ATCC 25175) were analyzed. According to the results, PM of the strain EIR/IF-1, isolated from infant feces showed the highest inhibitory effect (pH-dependent). Besides, sub-MIC doses of all PMs eliminated the biofilm formation following the co-incubation and pre-treatment assays. The reduction of cell viability and notable changes in biofilm formation was also confirmed both on glass coverslips and ex vivo human tooth surfaces by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, sub-MIC values of PMs down-regulated the expression of gtfC, comA, and comX, without any significant growth inhibition. Organic acids, fatty acids, and vitamins in PMs were also reported. Overall, these findings indicated the possible preventive roles of microbiota-derived PMs for the pathogenesis of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine OmerOglou
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Karaca
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Kibar
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Haliscelik
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Miranda A, Seyer D, Palomino-Durand C, Morakchi-Goudjil H, Massonie M, Agniel R, Rammal H, Pauthe E, Gand A. Poly-L-Lysine and Human Plasmatic Fibronectin Films as Proactive Coatings to Improve Implant Biointegration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:807697. [PMID: 35111738 PMCID: PMC8801876 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.807697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of stable and long-term implant integration implies the promotion, control, and respect of the cell microenvironment at the site of implantation. The key is to enhance the implant–host tissue cross talk by developing interfacial strategies that guarantee an optimal and stable seal of soft tissue onto the implant, while preventing potential early and late infection. Indeed, implant rejection is often jeopardized by lack of stable tissue surrounding the biomaterial combined with infections which reduce the lifespan and increase the failure rate of implants and morbidity and account for high medical costs. Thin films formed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are particularly versatile and attractive for applications involving cell–material contact. With the combination of the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (Fn, purified from human plasma) and poly-L-lysine (PLL, exhibiting specific chain lengths), we proposed proactive and biomimetic coatings able to guarantee enhanced cell attachment and exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Fn, able to create a biomimetic interface that could enhance cell attachment and promote extracellular cell matrix remodeling, is incorporated as the anionic polymer during film construction by the LbL technic whereas PLL is used as the cationic polymer for its capacity to confer remarkable antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamar Miranda
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Damien Seyer
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Carla Palomino-Durand
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Houda Morakchi-Goudjil
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Mathilde Massonie
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Rémy Agniel
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Hassan Rammal
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- EFOR Healthcare Paris, Biocompatibility Platform, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Emmanuel Pauthe
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Pauthe, ; Adeline Gand,
| | - Adeline Gand
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire Cellules, Institut des Matériaux, CY Cergy-Paris Université, Cergy-Pontoise, France
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel Pauthe, ; Adeline Gand,
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12
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Yin S, Sun N, Jiang F, Lu Y, Yang G, Wu X, Lin S, Zhang W, Jiang X. The Translation from In Vitro Bioactive Ion Concentration Screening to In Vivo Application for Preventing Peri-implantitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:5782-5794. [PMID: 33464812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a typical pathological condition characterized by the destructive inflammation in the soft tissue and the progressive loss of supporting bones. As the current effective treatments and preventive measures are inconsistent and unpredictable, the use of biomaterials as carriers of bioactive ion coatings is a promising approach. However, the translation from lab to large-scale production and clinical applications is difficult due to a technology barrier. Determining the effective dosage of each ion to achieve an in vivo application of the in vitro screening is challenging. Here, we selected zinc and strontium ions to provide multiple effects on antibacterial activity and osteogenesis. The optimal coating with effective release concentrations of the two ions was obtained after the two-step screening from in vitro testing. The results showed that this type of in vivo bioactive ion usage leads to an enhanced osseointegration during the immediate implantation in a periodontitis-affected environment and prevents soft tissue inflammation and bone resorption in an inflammatory environment. The new biologically active ion screening method could verify the effectiveness of this clinical translation and its potential for large-scale production and could determine the effective dosage of each ion for a specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ningjia Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuezhi Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Guangzheng Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sihan Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
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13
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Inhibitory Potential of Mangiferin on Glucansucrase Producing Streptococcus mutans Biofilm in Dental Plaque. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucansucrase secreted by Streptococcus mutans and composed of virulence genes alters oral microbiota, creating adherent environment for structural bacteria colony forming dental biofilm. The present investigation studied the inhibitory and binding potentials of mangiferin against S. mutans and its enzyme glucansucrase implicated in biofilm formation. Antibacterial activity against planktonic S. mutans was carried out. Using reverse transcription PCR, the expression of crucial virulence genes, gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, and comDE were determined. The effect of mangiferin on teeth surfaces biofilm was ascertained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Docking analysis of S. mutans glucansucrase and mangiferin revealed the binding energy of −7.35 and ten hydrogen interactions. Antibacterial study revealed that mangiferin was not lethal to planktonic S. mutans, but a concentration-dependent inhibition of glucansucrase activity was observed. The inhibitory effect of water-insoluble glucan synthesis was apparently more marked relative to water-soluble glucan synthesis attenuation. Mangiferin significantly downregulated the expression of the virulence genes, indicating a mechanism involving glucanotranferases, specifically inhibiting colony formation by attenuating bacterial adherence. SEM images revealed that S. mutans biofilm density was scanty in mangiferin treated teeth compared to non-treated control teeth. Our data therefore suggest that mangiferin inhibited S. mutans biofilms formation by attenuating glucansucrase activities without affecting bacteria growth.
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Kibar H, Arslan YE, Ceylan A, Karaca B, Haliscelik O, Kiran F. Weissella cibaria EIR/P2-derived exopolysaccharide: A novel alternative to conventional biomaterials targeting periodontal regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2900-2908. [PMID: 33736289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Healing and regeneration of periodontium are considered as a complex physiological process. Therefore, treatments need to be addressed with highly effective components modulating the multiple pathways. In this study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by Weissella cibaria EIR/P2, was partially purified from the culture supernatant and subjected to characterization within the aim of evaluating its potential for periodontal regeneration. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis revealed a single-peak corresponding to the glucose which identified the EPS as dextran. Fourier transform-infrared spectra were also displayed characteristic peaks for polysaccharides. According to the results of gel permeation/size exclusion-chromatography, the molecular mass was determined to be 8 × 106 Da. To clarify its anti-bacterial activity on Streptococcus mutans, effects on viability and biofilm formation was evaluated. At 50 mg/mL, dextran exhibited a bactericidal effect with 70% inhibition on biofilm formation. Besides, dose-dependent antioxidant effects were also detected. The efficacy of dextran in enhancing the viability of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (hPDLFCs) was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay, and an increase was observed in the viability of hPDLFCs. In conclusion, dextran derived from W. cibaria can be potentially used as a multi-functional bioactive polymer in the design of new therapeutic strategies to promote healing and regeneration of periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kibar
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Arslan
- Regenerative Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başar Karaca
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Haliscelik
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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15
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Johnson A, He JL, Kong F, Huang YC, Thomas S, Lin HTV, Kong ZL. Surfactin-Loaded ĸ-Carrageenan Oligosaccharides Entangled Cellulose Nanofibers as a Versatile Vehicle Against Periodontal Pathogens. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4021-4047. [PMID: 32606662 PMCID: PMC7293418 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s238476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with microbial accumulation. The purpose of this study was to reuse the agricultural waste to produce cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and further modification of the CNF with κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (CO) for drug delivery. In addition, this study is focused on the antimicrobial activity of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF towards periodontal pathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chemo-mechanical method was used to extract the CNF and the modification was done by using CO. The studies were further proceeded by adding different quantities of surfactin [50 mg (50 SNPs), 100 mg (100 SNPs), 200 mg (200 SNPs)] into the carrier (CO-CNF). The obtained materials were characterized, and the antimicrobial activity of surfactin-loaded CO-CNF was evaluated. RESULTS The obtained average size of CNF and CO-CNF after ultrasonication was 263 nm and 330 nm, respectively. Microscopic studies suggested that the CNF has a short diameter with long length and CO became cross-linked to form as beads within the CNF network. The addition of CO improved the degradation temperature, crystallinity, and swelling property of CNF. The material has a controlled drug release, and the entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of the drug were 53.15 ± 2.36% and 36.72 ± 1.24%, respectively. It has antioxidant activity and inhibited the growth of periodontal pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by preventing the biofilm formation, reducing the metabolic activity, and promoting the oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The study showed the successful extraction of CNF and modification with CO improved the physical parameters of the CNF. In addition, surfactin-loaded CO-CNF has potential antimicrobial activity against periodontal pathogens. The obtained biomaterial is economically valuable and has great potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Johnson
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling He
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Fanbin Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, GA30602, U.S.A
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala686560, India
| | - Hong-Ting Victor Lin
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
| | - Zwe-Ling Kong
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung20224, Taiwan
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16
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Bactericidal activity and recovery effect of hydroxyl radicals generated by ultraviolet irradiation and silver ion application on an infected titanium surface. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8553. [PMID: 32444858 PMCID: PMC7244495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the bactericidal effect, the underlying mechanisms of treatment, and recovery of biocompatibility of the infected titanium surface using a combination treatment of silver ion application and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) light irradiation. Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were used in suspension and as a biofilm on a titanium surface to test for the bactericidal effect. The bactericidal effect of the combination treatment was significantly higher than that of silver ion application or UV-A light irradiation alone. The bactericidal effect of the combination treatment was attributable to hydroxyl radicals, which generated from the bacterial cell wall and whose yield increased with the silver concentration. To assess the biocompatibility, proliferation and calcification of MC3T3E1 cells were evaluated on the treated titanium surface. The treated titanium screws were implanted into rat tibias and the removal torques were measured 28 days post-surgery. The titanium surface that underwent the combination treatment exhibited recovery of biocompatibility by allowing cellular proliferation or calcification at levels observed in the non-infected titanium surfaces. The removal torque 28 days after surgery was also comparable to the control values. This approach is a novel treatment option for peri-implantitis.
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17
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Inhibitory potential of EGCG on Streptococcus mutans biofilm: A new approach to prevent Cariogenesis. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104129. [PMID: 32169491 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is a common cause for tooth loss and Streptococcus mutans is identified as the etiologic pathogen. This study evaluates the inhibitory potential of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on S.mutans glucansucrase enzyme and its biofilm. Glucansucrase binding and the inhibitory potential of EGCG was validated using AutoDock tool and enzyme inhibitory assay. Biofilm inhibitory potential was also confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis in human tooth samples. Molecular docking revealed that EGCG interacted with GLU 515 and TRP 517 amino acids and binds to glucansucrase. SEM analysis revealed inhibition of S.mutans biofilm by various concentrations of EGCG on surfaces of tooth samples. Bioinformatics and biological assays confirmed that EGCG potentially binds to the S. mutans glucansucrase and inhibits its enzymatic activity. Enzymatic inhibition of glucansucrase attenuated biofilm formation potential of S. mutans on tooth surface. Thus, we conclude that EGCG inhibitory potential of S. mutans biofilm on the tooth surface is a novel approach in prevention of dental caries.
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18
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Garcez AS, Barros LC, Fernandes MRU, Fujii DN, Suzuki SS, Nepomuceno R. Fluorescence image and microbiological analysis of biofilm retained around healthy and inflamed orthodontic miniscrews. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101707. [PMID: 32126307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peri-miniscrew inflammation is one of the causes of orthodontic miniscrew failure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to correlate and quantify throughout autofluorescence images, PCR and microbiologic count of biofilm retained around orthodontic miniscrew and the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty miniscrews used for orthodontic treatment were evaluated during orthodontic treatment, collected from patients and divided into two groups: healthy and inflamed miniscrews. To be considered inflamed, the samples should present: loss of stability checked by periotest®, clinical presence of mucositis, red aspect of the gum or bleeding around the miniscrew. Immediately after removal of the miniscrews, they were photographed using a macro 100 lens and a Pentax camera coupled to a fluorescent equipment - Qscan (AioBio - Korea) with 405 nm excitation wavelength and a blue band filter. A microbiologic sample was collected with a sterile microbrush scrubbed around the miniscrew tread. Fluorescent images were analyzed with ImageJ software to quantify fluorescent intensity and fluorescent area and microbiological samples were submitted to CFU count for total contamination and q-PCR assay to quantify Porphyromonas gingivalis. RESULTS The results showed a good correlation between CFU count and fluorescent intensity and PCR/fluorescent area. The healthy miniscrews presented less fluorescent intensity and lower CFU count when compared to inflamed miniscrews. q-PCR analysis showed a higher number of P. gingivalis contamination around inflamed miniscrews. CONCLUSION Quantification of biofilm retained by miniscrew by images of autofluorescence is a simple and reliable method with great potential for clinical use to monitory inflammation around miniscrew and risk of loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Garcez
- Dep. of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil; Dep. of Oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil.
| | - L C Barros
- Dep. of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil
| | - M R U Fernandes
- Dep. of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil
| | - D N Fujii
- Dep. of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil
| | - S S Suzuki
- Dep. of Orthodontics, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil
| | - R Nepomuceno
- Dep. of Oral Microbiology, São Leopoldo Mandic Dental Institute and Research Center, Brazil
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Al Moaleem MM, Porwal A, Al Ahmari NM, Shariff M, Homeida H, Khalid A. Khat Chewing Induces a Floral Shift in Dental Material-Associated Microbiota: A Preliminary Study. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e918219. [PMID: 31956260 PMCID: PMC6990665 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The habit of khat (Catha Edulis Forskal) chewing is widely practiced in the southern regions of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and East Africa. This social habit has tremendous effects on oral and general health of khat chewers. Khat may affect bacterial species in plaque biofilms on oral rehabilitation materials. This preliminary case-controlled study aimed to assess and compare the effect of khat chewing on bacterial biodiversity between non-khat chewers (NKC) and khat chewers (KC) in oral biofilms on oral rehabilitation materials using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Material/Methods Fifty participants were organized into 2 equal groups of NKC and KC, each containing 5 subgroups related to filling material type. Some participants had amalgam (A) or composite (C) restorations, while others had feldspathic porcelain (FP), nickel chromium (NC), and zirconia ceramic (ZC) crowns or bridges. Oral biofilm samples were collected from all participants, DNA was extracted, and samples were subjected to PCR. Bacterial species were then identified and counted. PCR products were sequenced to detect similarity. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of the current study samples were compared with 16S rRNA gene sequences from GenBank using BLAST on the National Center for Biotechnology Information website. Results The Streptococcus sp. was the most common bacterial species among our participants (40; 80%), followed by Lactobacillus and Veillonella spp., accounting for 12% (6) and 8% (4), respectively. Streptococcus sp. was observed equally among NKC and KC, but Lactobacillus and Veillonella spp. were higher in KC and NKC, respectively. Lactobacillus was associated mainly with prosthetic materials, and Streptococcus was found among all examined dental restorative materials. Conclusions This research concluded that khat chewing significantly affects bacterial biodiversity in oral biofilms in the presence of different restorative and prosthetic dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Porwal
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al Ahmari
- Prosthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor Shariff
- Prosthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husham Homeida
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Khatoon Z, McTiernan CD, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Alarcon EI. Bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and approaches to its treatment and prevention. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01067. [PMID: 30619958 PMCID: PMC6312881 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 581] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, biofilms are defined as complex communities of bacteria residing within an exopolysaccharide matrix that adheres to a surface. In the clinic, they are typically the cause of chronic, nosocomial, and medical device-related infections. Due to the antibiotic-resistant nature of biofilms, the use of antibiotics alone is ineffective for treating biofilm-related infections. In this review, we present a brief overview of concepts of bacterial biofilm formation, and current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. Also, we have reviewed the prevalence of such infections on medical devices and discussed the future challenges that need to be overcome in order to successfully treat biofilms using the novel technologies being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Khatoon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher D. McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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