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Durrant L, Mutahar M, Daghrery AA, Albar NH, Alwadai GS, Alqahtani SA, Al Dehailan LA, Abogazalah NN, Alamoudi NA, Al Moaleem MM. Clinical Performance of Glass Ionomer Cement in Load-Bearing Restorations: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943489. [PMID: 38351604 PMCID: PMC10878495 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glass ionomer cement (GIC) is a self-adhesive dental restorative material composed of a polyacrylic acid liquid and fluoro-aluminosilicate glass powder. It is commonly used for cementation during dental restoration. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature regarding the clinical performance of GIC in load-bearing dental restorations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in EBSCO, PubMed, Embrace, and Cochrane databases. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the search, and a broad search technique was used, where inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. After a thorough evaluation, 12 RCTs were extensively reviewed, and whether GIC is suitable for load-bearing restorations was determined. Significant variations in staining surface or margin, color match, translucency, esthetic anatomical form, retention, material fracture, marginal adaptation, surface luster, occlusal contour, wear, and approximal anatomical form indicated the unsuitability of GIC. By contrast, significance differences in patient view and periodontal response indicated that GIC is suitable. No significant differences in postoperative sensitivity, recurrence of caries, or tooth integrity were observed. Nevertheless, the results of the review demonstrated that the clinical performance of GIC is comparable to that of traditional restorative materials with regard to the parameters analyzed. GIC is a suitable restorative material for load-bearing restorations regarding surface margin, esthetic anatomical form, material retention and fracture, marginal adaptation, occlusal contour, wear, and approximal anatomical form. It reduces other parameters, such as postoperative sensitivity, recurrence of caries, and tooth integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Durrant
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mahdi Mutahar
- Dental Academy, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Arwa A. Daghrery
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassreen H. Albar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer Saleh Alwadai
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Adel Al Dehailan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Nabel Abogazalah
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Ahmad Alamoudi
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Khodayari A, Jessani A, Adeniyi A, Anderson G, Tam LE, De Souza GM. A survey of amalgam use to guide dental education curriculums. J Dent Educ 2023; 87:1284-1293. [PMID: 37280767 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify behavioral, preferential, and professional factors influencing the use of amalgam in private practices; and to compare the incidence of the placement of amalgam versus composite resin restorations in the province of Ontario and its pedagogical implications on dental curricula. METHODS Participants responded anonymously to a 23-question online survey about their current use of dental amalgam and composite resins as well as their opinions regarding both dental materials. The explanatory variables were associated bivariately with the outcome variables, and the most significant predictors were identified using the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Higher percentages of amalgam use were reported among clinicians who trained in Canada only (P = .009), who graduated before 1980 (p = <.001) and who work outside private practice (p = <.001). Familiarity with amalgam was higher among clinicians who are female (p = <.001), older (p = <.001), trained only in Canada (p = .017), who graduated prior to 2000 (p = <.001), and who work in locations with populations over 100,000 (p = .042). Familiarity with composite resin was higher among clinicians who graduated more recently (p = .002). A higher percentage of females (p = <.001), younger clinicians (p = <.001), recent graduates (p = <.001), and clinicians who work in private practice (p = .043) suggested that over 50% of dental student training time be allocated to amalgam. CONCLUSIONS Decreased amalgam use was reported by later dental graduates and private practitioners; this may be impacted by familiarity with dental amalgam. As amalgam remains a safe and effective dental material, its removal may not be prudent. Dental educators play a crucial role in the future of amalgam opinion and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aynaz Khodayari
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abbas Jessani
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Director of Community Service Learning, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, Ontario, Western Ontario, Canada
| | - Abiola Adeniyi
- Clinical Instructor, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Greg Anderson
- Comprehensive Care and Undergraduate Clinical Prosthodontics Programs, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E Tam
- Restorative Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace M De Souza
- Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Thornton-Evans G, Wei L, Bernal J. Prevalence and mean number of teeth with amalgam and nonamalgam restorations, United States, 2015 through 2018. J Am Dent Assoc 2023; 154:417-426. [PMID: 37105669 PMCID: PMC10985832 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amalgam has been used for more than 150 years as a safe and reliable restorative material. The authors described the occurrence of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in the United States in primary and permanent teeth across age groups and according to sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS The authors used clinical examination data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2018 for participants 2 years and older (n = 17,040). The authors estimated the prevalence and mean number of amalgam and nonamalgam restorations in primary and permanent teeth according to age groups (2-5 years, 6-11 years, 12-15 years, 16-19 years, 20-39 years, 40-59 years, 60-79 years, and ≥ 80 years), race and ethnicity, federal poverty guideline, education, and pregnancy status. RESULTS The prevalence of amalgam restorations ranged from 4% through 69%. Overall, amalgam restorations were more prevalent in children and adolescents from racial and ethnic minority groups and families at lower poverty levels and with lower education. The mean number of teeth with nonamalgam restorations was higher than those with amalgam restorations in primary teeth of children aged 6 through 11 years, permanent teeth of those 12 through 15 years and 20 through 39 years, and women aged 20 through 49 years, regardless of pregnancy status. The mean number of amalgam restorations was higher than that for nonamalgam restorations in older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Nonamalgam restorations were the most common in the primary teeth of children older than 5 years and in the permanent teeth of adults younger than 40 years. Amalgam restorations were more common in older adults. Amalgam and nonamalgam restorations were equally common in children younger than 5 years. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The study findings suggest a shift from amalgam to alternative restorative materials in the United States.
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Makanjuola JO, Umesi DC, Ndukwe AN, Enone LL, Sotunde OA, Omo JO, Idon PI, Alalade O, Adebayo GE, Ekowmwnhenhen UI, Arotiba GT. Managing the phase-down of amalgam amongst Nigerian dental professionals and students: A national survey. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2020; 24:666-678. [PMID: 32534475 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amalgam is one of the most reliable dental restorative materials. Health and environmental concerns associated with the mercury content of amalgam have necessitated an amalgam phase-down in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the level of awareness and preparedness for the planned amalgam phase-down recommended by the Minamata Convention amongst Nigerian dental students and dentists. METHODS This cross-sectional national survey was performed across all geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Data regarding awareness, practice and level of preparedness for amalgam phase-down were obtained using a questionnaire that was distributed amongst clinical dental students and dentists of different cadres, who routinely place dental restorations, in public and private practice. The questionnaires were administered online or were hand delivered. Data were analysed using the chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Notably, 845 dental students and dentists participated in the survey. Mean age (±standard deviation) of participants was 30.15 ± 7.67 years, 33.8% were students, and 66.2% were dentists (most dentists [77.1%] were employed at public hospitals). A significant percentage of respondents had poor knowledge of the Minamata Convention (87.7%) and lacked training in the use of alternatives to amalgam (72.0%). Amalgam continues to be commonly used by 39.1% and 31.3% of dental students and dentists, respectively. Only 4.7% of the respondents admitted to following good amalgam phase-down practices. Awareness (P = 0.013) and amalgam phase-down practices (P = 0.011) were significantly higher amongst dentists than amongst dental students. CONCLUSION We observed low levels of awareness regarding the Minamata Convention, amalgam phase-down, mercury hygiene practices and training in alternatives to amalgam use amongst Nigerian dental professionals and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Makanjuola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Donna C Umesi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anne N Ndukwe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Lillian L Enone
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olawale A Sotunde
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Julie O Omo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo, Nigeria
| | - Paul I Idon
- Department of Dental Surgery, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Alalade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Gbenga E Adebayo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Uyi I Ekowmwnhenhen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Godwin T Arotiba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria
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