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De Roo NMC, Toulouse K, Thierens LAM, Henry S, De Buyser S, Temmerman L, Verbeeck RMH, De Pauw GAM. In Vitro Investigation into the Effect of Cryopreservation on the Mechanical Characteristics of Dental Hard Tissues. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:551. [PMID: 37998120 PMCID: PMC10672544 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has reported on hidden damage within the dentin introduced by cryopreservation, but the effect on the mechanical properties of the hard tissues at tooth level remains unclear. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the mechanical properties of teeth. A matched sample of 234 premolars of 117 children (9 ≤ age ≤ 16 years), bilaterally extracted for orthodontic reasons, were included. For each child, one tooth was randomly allocated to the cryopreservation group and the contralateral tooth was assigned to the control group. Static compression tests were performed to determine load to failure, stiffness, and toughness. In a subgroup of 20 teeth, a cyclic preloading or chewing simulation was performed. Additionally, the fracture mode was determined, and the microstructure of the fractured surfaces was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Linear mixed model analyses could not detect a statistical difference in the mean load to failure (p = 0.549), mean toughness (p = 0.968), or mean stiffness (p = 0.150) between cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved teeth. No significant difference in load to failure after cyclic preloading was detected between groups (p = 0.734). SEM analysis revealed comparable fracture characteristics between groups. It is concluded that cryopreservation does not affect the mean load to failure, stiffness, or toughness of teeth, indicating that hidden damage in the dentin is not critical at tooth level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëmi M. C. De Roo
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
| | - Kaat Toulouse
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
| | - Laurent A. M. Thierens
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
- Translational Neurosciences, Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Silke Henry
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie De Buyser
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Liesbeth Temmerman
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
| | - Ronald M. H. Verbeeck
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy A. M. De Pauw
- Oral Health Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (L.A.M.T.); (G.A.M.D.P.)
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Xu J, Chen Y, Zhou M, Yi S, Ran J, Liu J, Chi J, Chen Z, Tian K. Effects of cryopreservation on the biomechanical properties of dentin in cryopreserved teeth: An in-vitro study. Cryobiology 2023:S0011-2240(23)00031-7. [PMID: 37121387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the biomechanical properties and microstructural changes in dentin of teeth in different age groups after cryopreserved for different durations. Ninety third molars from three age groups (youth group, middle-age group, and elderly group), were collected and randomly divided into three groups according to freezing time at -196 °C (7 days, 30 days, and 90 days). Control group was shored at ordinary temperature. After rewarming, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the dentin were measured with an electronic universal tester. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructure of dentin after cryopreservation. After cryopreservation, the compressive strength of the teeth in each experimental group was not significantly different from control group. With the increase of freezing time and age, dentin's elastic modulus showed a decreasing trend. There were statistically significances between the control group and freezing 90d group, freezing 7d and 90d group, youth and middle-aged group, youth and elderly group (P < 0.05). Both freezing time and age factors were significant for the elastic modulus of dentin(P<0.05). There was no interaction effect for age and freezing time. In transverse sections of scanning electron microscopy, the dentinal tubule became narrower, partially occluded, and more easily adhered to impurities in the long freezing time and elderly group. In longitudinal sections, with freezing time and age, the inner wall of the dentinal tubules became rough especially in the aged group cryopreserved for 90 days. No significant microcracks exited in any of the longitudinal sections of dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Stomatology, China Railway No.2 Group Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Shouyin Yi
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Juan Ran
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Juanxiu Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Junzhou Chi
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Operative Dentistry&Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Tian
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Wang J, Jiang P, Zheng C, Tang Y, Dou L. Cryopreservation of human dental roots using vitrification for autologous human tooth tissue banking. Cryobiology 2023; 110:86-92. [PMID: 36574562 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.11.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of autologous transplantation of tooth tissues cryopreserved with vitrification, by investigating the influence of cryopreservation with vitrification on human dental root, regarding the morphology, microhardness, cell apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. Freshly extracted human permanent premolars were collected with crown removed. Dental roots were cryopreserved using a commercial vitrification medium (Kitazatousa). After six-month storage in liquid nitrogen, cryopreserved roots were thawed, and then evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical methods. Microhardness of dentine was measured with a Vickers indenter. Cells in periodontal ligament and dental pulp tissues were isolated and characterized. The proliferation, immunophenotype, apoptosis and differentiation ability of cells isolated from cryopreserved roots were evaluated. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student's t-test. The gross and histological morphology of dental roots was not significantly changed after vitrification and thawing. A few tiny cracks were found in 3 of all 10 cryopreserved samples. No obvious changes were found in microstructure of dentine under SEM observation. Dental pulp cells and periodontal ligament cells were successfully isolated from tissues of cryopreserved human dental roots. There were also no significant differences of those periodontal ligament cells in the two groups regarding morphology, immunophenotype, viability, proliferation and apoptosis. The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability of periodontal ligament cells was maintained by cryopreservation with vitrification. In the conditions of this study, cryopreservation with vitrification preserves cell survival, hardness and structural integrity of dental roots. Vitrification can be a potential way to preserve tooth tissue for future auto-transplantation and autologous cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peiru Jiang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengxiang Zheng
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Tang
- University of Southern California Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bay Area Community Health Center, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Lei Dou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Al-Khanati NM, Albassal A, Kara Beit Z. Unusual Indications of Teeth Transplantation: A Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29030. [PMID: 36237754 PMCID: PMC9552854 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are one of the best valid tooth replacement options, though these are not always appropriate in growing young patients. Tooth autotransplantation can be indicated then. However, this is not the only scenario where dental transplantation can be indicated. This comprehensive literature review discusses a wide range of unusual indications of dental transplantation as reported throughout the medical literature. Surprisingly, these indications include management of some developmental dental anomalies, hypodontia, oroantral communications, alveolar clefts, deficient alveolar ridges, ectopic teeth, and maxillofacial injuries. Limited high-quality evidence in this field regarding most of these unusual indications warrants further research of high-quality design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraldeen M Al-Khanati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Ahmad Albassal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
| | - Zafin Kara Beit
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, SYR
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Matelski J, Rendahl A, Goldschmidt S. Effect of Alternative Palatal Root Access Technique on Fracture Resistance of Root Canal Treated Maxillary Fourth Premolar Teeth in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:600145. [PMID: 33363238 PMCID: PMC7759647 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.600145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A biomechanical study was performed to identify the effect of different treatment methods for difficult to instrument palatal roots on the fracture resistance of root canal treated maxillary fourth premolar teeth in dogs. Forty maxillary fourth premolar teeth with surrounding alveolar bone were harvested from beagle cadavers. Inclusion criteria included maxillary fourth premolars with no evidence of disease and similar distal root canal volumes on radiographic evaluation. The teeth were randomly divided into a control group and three treatment groups based on the endodontic treatment technique for the palatal root. The control group had a single 2 mm transcoronal access on the mesiobuccal aspect of the tooth to allow instrumentation of both the mesiobuccal and palatal root through a single small access. Alternative treatment modalities that are described for difficult to instrument palatal roots investigated in this study included enlarging the transcoronal mesiobuccal access to 4 mm, making an additional access directly over the palatal root (2 mm), and hemisection with extraction of the palatal root. All teeth had the same distal root access size (2 mm) and relative location. After access, all teeth were filed, shaped, obturated, and restored in the same fashion. Axial compression testing was performed at an angle of 60 degrees to the long axis of the tooth using a universal materials testing machine. The maximum force prior to fracture was determined for each tooth based on a force vs. deflection curve. The mean maximum force prior to fracture for all teeth was 831 N. No significant difference in mean fracture resistance was identified between the control group and treatment groups or between the different treatment groups themselves. Thus, when faced with a difficult to instrument palatal root, the treatment method chosen should be based on operator preference and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Matelski
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Stephanie Goldschmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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Angermair J, Nolte D, Linsenmann R, Kunzelmann KH. The influence of storage temperature on fracture behavior of cryopreserved teeth-An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:373-380. [PMID: 32222040 PMCID: PMC7301388 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cryopreservation is discussed as a viable method of preserving teeth for determined autogenous tooth transplantation. Unchanged physical properties of hard tooth tissues are crucial for functional healing. Due to different thermal expansion coefficients of enamel and dentin or the crystallization process, the freezing process may lead to crack formation, which could adversely impact the long‐term prognosis of the teeth. Material and methods Twenty third molars (n = 20) were frozen slowly using a conservative cryopreservation protocol and stored at −80°C (group 1) and −196°C (group 2). After a storage time of 2 weeks, the samples were thawed to a temperature of +36°C and embedded in polymethyl methacrylate blocks. Cyclic loading was carried out using a spherical steel test specimen with 50,000 mechanical load cycles, followed by load to failure testing for determination of critical load. Results No significant difference in the first load drop could be detected during the load to failure test under different storage conditions. The values until fracture correlated very closely in contralateral tooth pairs, which emphasizes the importance of crown geometry in load to failure tests. Conclusions Conclusions: Cryopreservation, specifically the storage temperature, does not appear to have a significant effect on the physical properties of tooth transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Angermair
- Clinic of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Translational Implantology, Medical Center Freiburg - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Nolte
- Private Practice for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Linsenmann
- Private Practice for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Kunzelmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Parodontology, University Medical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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