1
|
Azizi A, Ghasemirad M, Mortezagholi B, Movahed E, Aryanezhad SS, Makiya A, Ghodrati H, Nasiri K. Study of Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activity of Ag- and Mg-Dual-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300093. [PMID: 37955867 PMCID: PMC10924039 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A non-laborious process for the fabrication of silver and magnesium dual doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag/Mg-ZnO NP) is described. The wurtzite ZnO nano-structures and the dual doped NP were analyzed by PXRD. SEM data showed the hexagonal morphology of our product, while the gathered anti-bacterial outcomes towards Streptococcus mutans bacteria through micro-dilution technic affirmed the enhanced performance of doped NP compared to the native ones. Furthermore, we gauged the toxic impacts of synthesized pure and Ag/Mg-ZnO NP against a breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line through an MTT trial, which highlighted the superiority of the doped when compared to the native nanoparticles. In light of these comparisons, the applicability of Ag/Mg-ZnO NP in dental and medical science is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aytan Azizi
- Department of Endodontics Dental SchoolQazvin university of medical sciencesshahid bahounar boulevard, P.O. Box: 3419759811QazvinIran
| | - Mohammad Ghasemirad
- Department of Periodontics Faculty of DentistryRafsanjan University of Medical SciencesKhalije Fars Blvd., Pasdaran street, P.O. Box: 1946853314RafsanjanIran
| | - Bardia Mortezagholi
- Dental Research Center Faculty of DentistryIslamic Azad University of Medical SciencesShariati St, P.O. Box 19395-1495TehranIran
| | - Emad Movahed
- Dental Research Center Faculty of DentistryIslamic Azad University of Medical SciencesShariati St, P.O. Box 19395-1495TehranIran
| | - Seyed Sasan Aryanezhad
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Private PracticeDaroost street, P.O. Box 1944614581TehranIran
| | - Ali Makiya
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of DentistryMashhad University of Medical ScienceMashhadIran
| | - Hoda Ghodrati
- Department of ProsthodonticsShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDaneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, St., P.O. Box 1983969411TehranIran
| | - Kamyar Nasiri
- Department of dentistryIslamic Azad University of Medical SciencesP.O. Box 19585-466TehranIran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng Y, Liu S, Wang F, Wang T, Yin L, Chen J, Fu C. Effects of Dietary Terminalia chebula Extract on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Health of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:746. [PMID: 38473130 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) has many physiological functions and is potentially helpful in maintaining poultry health, but its specific effect on the growth of broilers is not yet known. This research investigated the effects of dietary Terminalia chebula extract (TCE) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 288 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were divided into four treatment groups (72 broilers/group), each with six replicates of 12 broilers. The broilers were given a basal diet of corn-soybean meal supplemented with 0 (control), 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg TCE for 56 d. The results demonstrated that, compared with the basal diet, the addition of TCE significantly increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the final body weight and overall weight gain and performance and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the feed-to-gain ratio in the overall period. Dietary TCE increased (linear, p < 0.05) the levels of IgM, IL-4, and IL-10 and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the serum. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-2 and IL-4, decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IL-1β, and decreased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IL-6 in the liver. Dietary TCE increased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the level of IgM and IL-10, increased (linear, p < 0.05) the level of IgG, and decreased (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the spleen. Supplementation with TCE linearly and quadratically increased (p < 0.05) the catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity activities while decreasing (p < 0.05) the malonic dialdehyde concentrations in the serum, liver, and spleen. TCE-containing diets for broilers resulted in a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) villus height, a higher (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and a lower (linear and quadratic, p < 0.05) crypt depth compared with the basal diet. TCE significantly increased (linear, p < 0.05) the acetic and butyric acid concentrations and decreased (quadratic, p < 0.05) the isovaleric acid concentration. Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, which regulate the richness and diversity of microorganisms, were more abundant and contained when TCE was added to the diet. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that supplementing broilers with TCE could boost their immune function, antioxidant capacity, and gut health, improving their growth performance; they could also provide a reference for future research on TCE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shida Liu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lichen Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ou L, Liu HR, Shi XY, Peng C, Zou YJ, Jia JW, Li H, Zhu ZX, Wang YH, Su BM, Lai YQ, Chen MY, Zhu WX, Feng Z, Zhang GM, Yao MC. Terminalia chebula Retz. aqueous extract inhibits the Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating the inflammasome signaling and ER-stress pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 320:117428. [PMID: 37981121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia chebula Retz., known as the King of Traditional Tibetan Medicine, is widely used for treating various ailments, particularly stomach disorders. It exhibited inhibitory activity against helicobacter pylori. AIM OF THE STUDY The exact mechanism by which T. chebula combats H. pylori infection remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate its mechanism of action and the key pathways and targets involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, scanning electron microscope, and inhibiting kinetics curves were conducted. The mRNA expressions were measured by RNA-seq analysis and RT-QPCR. ELISA and Western blot were used to detect the changes in proteins. The main compounds were analyzed by High-performance Liquid Chromatography. The interaction between the compound and target was predicted by Molecular Docking. RESULTS The study revealed that T. chebula disrupted the structure of H. pylori bacteria and inhibited Cag A protein expression. Additionally, T. chebula can reduce the expression of flaA, flaB, babA, alpA, alpB, ureE, and ureF genes. Furthermore, T. chebula demonstrated its effectiveness in inhibiting the H. pylori-induced inflammatory response by regulating the inflammasome signaling and ER-stress pathway. Moreover, the study discovered that chebulagic acid has anti-HP activity and inhibits the expression of Cag A protein. CONCLUSIONS T. chebula acts as a natural remedy for combating H. pylori infection. Its ability to disrupt the bacterial structure, inhibit key proteins, regulate inflammatory pathways, and the presence of chebulagic acid contribute to its anti-H. pylori activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Heng-Rui Liu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Future Homo Sapiens Institute of Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Chang Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuan-Jing Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun-Wei Jia
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Hui Li
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Wang
- International Pharmaceutical Engineering Lab of Shandong Province, Feixian, 273400, Shandong, China.
| | - Bing-Mei Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Qian Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Mei-Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei-Xing Zhu
- Qingyuan Hospital' of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingyuan, 511500, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhong Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China; Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| | - Mei-Cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Araújo SAD, Lima ADS, Rocha CQD, Previtalli-Silva H, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Calabrese KDS, Almeida-Souza F, Abreu-Silva AL. In Vitro Antioxidant and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Extract and Fractions of Terminalia catappa. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:895. [PMID: 37508328 PMCID: PMC10376266 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a severe infectious and parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and considered a public health problem. Chemotherapeutics are still the main means of control and treatment of the disease, however with some limitations. As an alternative treatment, plants have been pointed out due to their proven pharmacological properties. Many studies carried out with Terminalia catappa have shown several biological activities, but its effect against T. cruzi is still unknown. The objective of this work is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of extracts and fractions obtained from T. catappa on the parasite T. cruzi, in addition to analyzing its antioxidant activity. T. catappa ethyl acetate fraction were produced and submitted the chemical characterization by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). From all T. catappa extracts and fractions evaluated, the ethyl acetate and the aqueous fraction displayed the best antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method (IC50 of 7.77 ± 1.61 and 5.26 ± 1.26 µg/mL respectively), and by ferric ion reducing (FRAP) method (687.61 ± 0.26 and 1009.32 ± 0.13 µM of Trolox equivalent/mg extract, respectively). The ethyl acetate fraction showed remarkable T. cruzi inhibitory activity with IC50 of 8.86 ± 1.13, 24.91 ± 1.15 and 85.01 ± 1.21 µg/mL against epimastigotes, trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, respectively, and showed no cytotoxicity for Vero cells (CC50 > 1000 µg/mL). The treatment of epimastigotes with the ethyl acetate fraction led to drastic ultrastructural changes such as the loss of cytoplasm organelles, cell disorganization, nucleus damage and the loss of integrity of the parasite. This effect could be due to secondary compounds present in this extract, such as luteolin, kaempferol, quercetin, ellagic acid and derivatives. The ethyl acetate fraction obtained from T. catappa leaves can be an effective alternative in the treatment and control of Chagas disease, and material for further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Alves de Araújo
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
| | - Aldilene da Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratório de Química dos Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Noemi Nosomi Taniwaki
- Núcleo de Microscopia Eletrônica, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, RJ, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís 65055-310, MA, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís 65055-310, MA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Microbial Detection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121450. [PMID: 36558784 PMCID: PMC9788346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Varieties of microorganisms reside in the oral cavity contributing to the occurrence and development of microbes associated with oral diseases; however, the distribution and in situ abundance in the biofilm are still unclear. In order to promote the understanding of the ecosystem of oral microbiota and the diagnosis of oral diseases, it is necessary to monitor and compare the oral microorganisms from different niches of the oral cavity in situ. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven to be a powerful tool for representing the status of oral microorganisms in the oral cavity. FISH is one of the most routinely used cytochemical techniques for genetic detection, identification, and localization by a fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probe, which can hybridize with targeted nucleic acid sequences. It has the advantages of rapidity, safety, high sensitivity, and specificity. FISH allows the identification and quantification of different oral microorganisms simultaneously. It can also visualize microorganisms by combining with other molecular biology technologies to represent the distribution of each microbial community in the oral biofilm. In this review, we summarized and discussed the development of FISH technology and the application of FISH in oral disease diagnosis and oral ecosystem research, highlighted its advantages in oral microbiology, listed the existing problems, and provided suggestions for future development..
Collapse
|
6
|
Bao T, Feng L, Cho S, Yu H, Jin W, Dai L, Zhang J, Bai L, Fu M, Chen Y. RNA-Seq Reveals Protective Mechanisms of Mongolian Medicine Molor-Dabos-4 on Acute Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101740. [PMID: 36292625 PMCID: PMC9602025 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to apply transcriptomics to determine how Molor-Dabos-4 (MD-4) protects healthy rats against indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcers and to identify the mechanism behind this protective effect. Rats were pretreated with MD-4 (0.3, 1.5, or 3 g/kg per day) for 21 days before inducing gastric ulcers by oral administration with indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Unulcerated and untreated healthy rats were used as controls. Effects of the treatment were assessed based on the ulcer index, histological and pathological examinations, and indicators of inflammation, which were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Transcriptomic analysis was performed for identifying potential pharmacological mechanisms. Eventually, after identifying potential target genes, the latter were validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). After pretreatment with MD-4, gastric ulcers, along with other histopathological features, were reduced. MD-4 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in ulcers and reduced pepsin, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. RNA-seq analysis identified a number of target genes on which MD-4 could potentially act. Many of these genes were involved in pathways that were linked to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, and other protective mechanisms for the gastric mucosa. qRT-PCR showed that altered expression of the selected genes, such as Srm, Ryr-1, Eno3, Prkag3, and Eef1a2, was consistent with the transcriptome results. MD-4 exerts protective effects against IND-induced gastric ulcers by reducing inflammatory cytokines and pepsin and increasing the expression of SOD levels. Downregulation of Srm, Ryr-1, Eno3, Prkag3, and Eef1a2 genes involved in regulating arginine and proline metabolism, calcium signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, and legionellosis are possibly involved in MD-4-mediated protection against gastric ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terigele Bao
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lan Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Sungbo Cho
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Hongzhen Yu
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lili Dai
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Laxinamujila Bai
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Minghai Fu
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inhibitory effect of 405-nm blue LED light on the growth of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans dual-species biofilms on denture base resin. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2311-2319. [PMID: 35034224 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether irradiation with 405-nm blue LED light could inhibit the growth of not only single- but dual-species biofilms formed by Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans on denture base resin and cause the alteration in gene expression related to adhesion and biofilm formation. C. albicans and S. mutans single-/dual-species biofilms were formed on the denture base specimens. The biofilms were irradiated with 405-nm blue LED light (power density output: 280 mW/cm2) for 0 (control) and 40 min. Dual-species biofilms were analyzed using CFU assay and fluorescence microscopy, and single-/dual-species biofilms were analyzed using alamarBlue assays and gene expression analysis. To assess the inhibitory effect of irradiation on dual-species biofilms, specimens after irradiation were aerobically incubated for 12 h. After incubation, the inhibition of growth was assessed using CFU assays and fluorescence microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U or Student's t test (p < 0.05). Irradiation produced a significant inhibitory effect on biofilms. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that almost all C. albicans and S. mutans cells were killed by irradiation, and there was no notable difference in biofilm thickness immediately after irradiation and after irradiation and incubation for 12 h. alamarBlue assays indicated the growth of the biofilms was inhibited for 12-13 h. The expression of genes associated with adhesion and biofilm formation-als1 in C. albicans and ftf, gtfC, and gtfB in S. mutans-significantly reduced by irradiation. Irradiation with 405-nm blue LED light effectively inhibited the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans dual-species biofilms for 12 h.
Collapse
|