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Ding Y, Pang Z, Lan K, Yao Y, Panzarasa G, Xu L, Lo Ricco M, Rammer DR, Zhu JY, Hu M, Pan X, Li T, Burgert I, Hu L. Emerging Engineered Wood for Building Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1843-1888. [PMID: 36260771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The building sector, including building operations and materials, was responsible for the emission of ∼11.9 gigatons of global energy-related CO2 in 2020, accounting for 37% of the total CO2 emissions, the largest share among different sectors. Lowering the carbon footprint of buildings requires the development of carbon-storage materials as well as novel designs that could enable multifunctional components to achieve widespread applications. Wood is one of the most abundant biomaterials on Earth and has been used for construction historically. Recent research breakthroughs on advanced engineered wood products epitomize this material's tremendous yet largely untapped potential for addressing global sustainability challenges. In this review, we explore recent developments in chemically modified wood that will produce a new generation of engineered wood products for building applications. Traditionally, engineered wood products have primarily had a structural purpose, but this review broadens the classification to encompass more aspects of building performance. We begin by providing multiscale design principles of wood products from a computational point of view, followed by discussion of the chemical modifications and structural engineering methods used to modify wood in terms of its mechanical, thermal, optical, and energy-related performance. Additionally, we explore life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis tools for guiding future research toward environmentally friendly and economically feasible directions for engineered wood products. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges and perspectives on future directions in this research field. By leveraging these new wood-based technologies and analysis tools for the fabrication of carbon-storage materials, it is possible to design sustainable and carbon-negative buildings, which could have a significant impact on mitigating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Zhenqian Pang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Kai Lan
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, United States
| | - Yuan Yao
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, United States
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland.,WoodTec Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Marco Lo Ricco
- US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin53726, United States
| | - Douglas R Rammer
- US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin53726, United States
| | - J Y Zhu
- US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin53726, United States
| | - Ming Hu
- School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Ingo Burgert
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland.,WoodTec Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, 8600Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States.,Center for Materials Innovation, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
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2
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Das R, Lindström T, Sharma PR, Chi K, Hsiao BS. Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8936-9031. [PMID: 35330990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NC) are nature-based sustainable biomaterials, which not only possess cellulosic properties but also have the important hallmarks of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, versatile reactive sites or functionalities, and scaffolding stability to host inorganic nanoparticles. This class of nanomaterials offers new opportunities for a broad spectrum of applications for clean water production that were once thought impractical. This Review covers substantial discussions based on evaluative judgments of the recent literature and technical advancements in the fields of coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration for water decontamination through proper understanding of fundamental knowledge of NC, such as purity, crystallinity, surface chemistry and charge, suspension rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, and film stability. To supplement these, discussions on low-cost and scalable NC extraction, new characterizations including solution small-angle X-ray scattering evaluation, and structure-property relationships of NC are also reviewed. Identifying knowledge gaps and drawing perspectives could generate guidance to overcome uncertainties associated with the adaptation of NC-enabled water purification technologies. Furthermore, the topics of simultaneous removal of multipollutants disposal and proper handling of post/spent NC are discussed. We believe NC-enabled remediation nanomaterials can be integrated into a broad range of water treatments, greatly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasel Das
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Tom Lindström
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States.,KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Priyanka R Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Kai Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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3
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Zhu J, Chen L, Cai C. Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation of Lignocelluloses for Sustainable Biorefinery: Advantages, Opportunities, and Research Needs. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3031-3046. [PMID: 34033701 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This Minireview provides a comprehensive discussion on the potential of using acid hydrotropes for sustainably fractionating lignocelluloses for biorefinery applications. Acid hydrotropes are a class of acids that have hydrotrope properties toward lignin, which helps to solubilize lignin in aqueous systems. With the capability of cleaving ether and ester bonds and even lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages, these acid hydrotropes can therefore isolate lignin embedded in the plant biomass cell wall and subsequently solubilize the isolated lignin in aqueous systems. Performances of two acid hydrotropes, that is, an aromatic sulfonic acid [p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH)] and a dicarboxylic acid [maleic acid (MA)], in terms of delignification and dissolution of hemicelluloses, and reducing lignin condensation, were evaluated and compared. The advantages of lignin esterification by MA for producing cellulosic sugars through enzymatic hydrolysis and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) through mechanical fibrillation from the fractionated water insoluble solids (WIS), and for obtaining less condensed lignin with light color, were demonstrated. The excellent enzymatic digestibility of maleic acid hydrotropic fractionation WISs was also demonstrated by comparing with WISs from other fractionation processes. The recyclability and reusability of acid hydrotropes were also reviewed. Finally, perspectives on future research needs to address key technical issues for commercialization were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P. R. China
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4
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Shen X, Sun R. Recent advances in lignocellulose prior-fractionation for biomaterials, biochemicals, and bioenergy. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117884. [PMID: 33766371 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to over-consumption of fossil resources and environmental problems, lignocellulosic biomass as the most abundant and renewable materials is considered as the best candidate to produce biomaterials, biochemicals, and bioenergy, which is of strategic significance and meets the theme of Green Chemistry. Highly efficient and green fractionation of lignocellulose components significantly boosts the high-value utilization of lignocellulose and the biorefinery development. However, heterogeneity of lignocellulosic structure severely limited the lignocellulose fractionation. This paper offers the summary and perspective of the extensive investigation that aims to give insight into the lignocellulose prior-fractionation. Based on the role and structure of lignocellulose component in the plant cell wall, lignocellulose prior-fractionation can be divided into cellulose-first strategy, hemicelluloses-first strategy, and lignin-first strategy, which realizes the selective dissociation and transformation of a component in lignocellulose. Ultimately, the challenges and opportunities of lignocellulose prior-fractionation are proposed on account of the existing problems in the biorefining valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Shen
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Catalysis (SKLC), Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian, China
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Zijlstra DS, de Korte J, de Vries EPC, Hameleers L, Wilbers E, Jurak E, Deuss PJ. Highly Efficient Semi-Continuous Extraction and In-Line Purification of High β-O-4 Butanosolv Lignin. Front Chem 2021; 9:655983. [PMID: 34041222 PMCID: PMC8141753 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.655983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative biomass fractionation is of major importance for economically competitive biorefineries. Lignin is currently severely underutilized due to the use of high severity fractionation methodologies that yield complex condensed lignin that limits high-value applicability. Mild lignin fractionation conditions can lead to lignin with a more regular C-O bonded structure that has increased potential for higher value applications. Nevertheless, such extraction methodologies typically suffer from inadequate lignin extraction efficiencies and yield. (Semi)-continuous flow extractions are a promising method to achieve improved extraction efficiency of such C-O linked lignin. Here we show that optimized organosolv extraction in a flow-through setup resulted in 93-96% delignification of 40 g walnut shells (40 wt% lignin content) by applying mild organosolv extraction conditions with a 2 g/min flowrate of a 9:1 n-butanol/water mixture with 0.18 M H2SO4 at 120°C in 2.5 h. 85 wt% of the lignin (corrected for alcohol incorporation, moisture content and carbohydrate impurities) was isolated as a powder with a high retention of the β-aryl ether (β-O-4) content of 63 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Close examination of the isolated lignin showed that the main carbohydrate contamination in the recovered lignin was butyl-xyloside and other butoxylate carbohydrates. The work-up and purification procedure were investigated and improved by the implementation of a caustic soda treatment step and phase separation with a continuous integrated mixer/separator (CINC). This led to a combined 75 wt% yield of the lignin in 3 separate fractions with 3% carbohydrate impurities and a very high β-O-4 content of 67 linking motifs per 100 C9 units. Analysis of all the mass flows showed that 98% of the carbohydrate content was removed with the inline purification step, which is a significant improvement to the 88% carbohydrate removal for the traditional lignin precipitation work-up procedure. Overall we show a convenient method for inline extraction and purification to obtain high β-O-4 butanosolv lignin in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douwe Sjirk Zijlstra
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joren de Korte
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ernst P. C. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Hameleers
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Wilbers
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Edita Jurak
- Department of Bioproduct Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Joseph Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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6
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Cai C, Li J, Hirth K, Huber GW, Lou H, Zhu JY. Comparison of Two Acid Hydrotropes for Sustainable Fractionation of Birch Wood. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4649-4659. [PMID: 32463990 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on a comparative study of acid hydrotropic fractionation (AHF) of birch wood using maleic acid (MA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH). Under the same level of delignification, lignin dissolved by MA is much less condensed with a higher content of ether aryl β-O-4 linkages. Lignin depolymerization dominated in MA hydrotropic fractionation (MAHF) and resulted in a single lower molecular weight peak, in contrast to the competitive depolymerization and repolymerization in p-TsOH AHF with a bimodal distribution. The less condensed MA-dissolved lignin facilitated catalytic conversion to monophenols. Carboxylation of residual lignin in fractionated cellulosic water-insoluble solids (WISs) enhanced enzymatic saccharification by decreasing nonproductive cellulase binding to lignin. At a low cellulase loading of 10 FPU g-1 glucan, saccharification of WIS-MT120 from MAHF at 120 °C was 95 % compared with 48 % for WIS-PT85 from p-TsOH AHF at 85 °C under the same level of delignification of 63 %. Residual lignin carboxylation also facilitated nanofibrillation of WIS for producing lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) through an enhanced lignin lubrication effect, which substantially decreases fibrillation energy. LCNFs from only one pass of microfluidization of WIS-MT120 have the same morphology as those from WIS-PT85 after three passes. MA also has a lower solubility and higher minimal hydrotropic concentration, which facilitated acid recovery. MA is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved as an indirect food additive, affording significant advantages compared with p-TsOH for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cai
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, South China University Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kolby Hirth
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - George W Huber
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hongming Lou
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering, South China University Technology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Wang X, Chen H, Feng X, Zhang Q, Labbé N, Kim K, Huang J, Ragauskas AJ, Wang S, Zhang Y. Isolation and characterization of lignocellulosic nanofibers from four kinds of organosolv-fractionated lignocellulosic materials. WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:503-517. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-020-01167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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8
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Iakovlev M, Survase S, Segers P, Sideri S, Rouzinou S, Pylkkanen V, Retsina T. Sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water fractionation platform for conversion of recycled wood to sugars, lignin and lignosulfonates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122652. [PMID: 31918299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recycled wood of two grades (A and B) and spruce were converted on bench (100 o.d. g) and pilot (100 o.d. kg) scales to monosugars, lignin and lignosulfonates using SO2-Ethanol-Water (AVAP®) technology. After digestion, C6 and C5 sugars were recovered at 98-100% and 87-99% for Wood A and Spruce, respectively, while the values for Wood B were 92% and 74-87%. Cellulose was hydrolysed to glucose at 90% or higher using enzyme charge of 7.1 FPU/g glucan. Hemicellulosic sugars were autohydrolyzed to 95-100% monosugars. At bench scale, monosaccharide yield was 609, 561 and 688 kg (hydrous) per BDT biomass for Wood A, Wood B and Spruce, respectively. Corresponding water insoluble lignin yield was 157, 148 and 189 kg per BDT biomass. The preliminary techno-economic evaluation revealed that conversion of recycled wood to sugars using AVAP® fractionation platform results in higher profitability in comparison to virgin wood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Segers
- SUEZ R&R Belgium, Keizer Karellaan 584 b 7, 1082 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Dissolution of less-processed wood fibers without bleaching in an ionic liquid: Effect of lignin condensation on wood component dissolution. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:740-748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Cheng J, Hirth K, Ma Q, Zhu J, Wang Z, Zhu JY. Toward Sustainable and Complete Wood Valorization by Fractionating Lignin with Low Condensation Using an Acid Hydrotrope at Low Temperatures (≤80 °C). Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Cheng
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kolby Hirth
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Qianli Ma
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- State Key Lab Pulp and Paper Eng., South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab Pulp & Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - J. Y. Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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11
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Huang C, Ma J, Liang C, Li X, Yong Q. Influence of sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water pretreatment on the physicochemical properties and enzymatic digestibility of bamboo residues. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:17-24. [PMID: 29723845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) is a promising pretreatment for improving enzymatic digestibility of biomass through simultaneously removing hemicellulose and lignin. In this work, SEW pretreatment was performed at different cooking times (10 min-60 min) and different SO2 concentrations (0.5%-2%) to produce pretreated bamboo residues for enzymatic hydrolysis. Meanwhile, physicochemical features of the residual cellulose and lignin were analyzed to better understand how SEW improves enzymatic digestibility. Under optimized SEW pretreatment condition (1% SO2 concentration, 150 °C, 60 min), 81.7% of xylan and 80.3% of lignin were solubilized, along with 89.1% of cellulose preserved in pretreated solid. A good enzymatic digestibility (80.4%) was achieved at optimum SEW condition. Several compelling correlations (R2 > 0.7) were observable between enzymatic digestibility and physicochemical features, demonstrating the importance of SEW pretreatment abilities of hemicellulose and lignin removal, reducing cellulose's degree of polymerization, and improving the amount of sulfonyl groups imparted to the original lignin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoxing Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junmei Ma
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xi Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Sharazi AM, van Heiningen ARP, Sumerskii I. Heat Treatment of Spent Liquors to Recover Chemically Bound Xylose and Alcohol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asif M. Sharazi
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469-5737, United States
| | - Adriaan R. P. van Heiningen
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469-5737, United States
| | - Ivan Sumerskii
- Division
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str.
24, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
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13
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You X, van Heiningen A, Sixta H, Iakovlev M. Lignin and ash balances of sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water fractionation of sugarcane straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:1111-1120. [PMID: 28873513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin and ash material balances of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane (SC) straw were thoroughly studied at various conditions. Most of straw lignin and ash dissolve in the liquor and 40-80% of lignin is precipitated after ethanol removal as a pure (∼99%) and sulfur-lean (<2%) fraction. Most of the acid-soluble ash and its elements (Na, K, Fe, Al) as well as large portion of silica are removed from the fiber phase. Straw lignin behavior exhibited differences compared to wood lignin including high apparent content in fiber, higher degree of sulfonation of dissolved lignin, and dense char-like precipitate formation upon ethanol removal. Variation in fractionation conditions did not have significant effect on lignin properties, while post-sulfonation was capable of changing its form from char-like to colloidal precipitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang You
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystem, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystem, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- American Process Inc, 750 Piedmont Av. NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
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14
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Chen L, Dou J, Ma Q, Li N, Wu R, Bian H, Yelle DJ, Vuorinen T, Fu S, Pan X, Zhu J(J. Rapid and near-complete dissolution of wood lignin at ≤80°C by a recyclable acid hydrotrope. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701735. [PMID: 28929139 PMCID: PMC5600535 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of the hydrotropic properties of a recyclable aromatic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), for potentially low-cost and efficient fractionation of wood through rapid and near-complete dissolution of lignin. Approximately 90% of poplar wood (NE222) lignin can be dissolved at 80°C in 20 min. Equivalent delignification using known hydrotropes, such as aromatic salts, can be achieved only at 150°C or higher for more than 10 hours or at 150°C for 2 hours with alkaline pulping. p-TsOH fractionated wood into two fractions: (i) a primarily cellulose-rich water-insoluble solid fraction that can be used for the production of high-value building blocks, such as dissolving pulp fibers, lignocellulosic nanomaterials, and/or sugars through subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis; and (ii) a spent acid liquor stream containing mainly dissolved lignin that can be easily precipitated as lignin nanoparticles by diluting the spent acid liquor to below the minimal hydrotrope concentration. Our nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the dissolved lignin revealed that p-TsOH can depolymerize lignin via ether bond cleavage and can separate carbohydrate-free lignin from the wood. p-TsOH has a relatively low water solubility, which can facilitate efficient recovery using commercially proven crystallization technology by cooling the concentrated spent acid solution to ambient temperatures to achieve environmental sustainability through recycling of p-TsOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Qianli Ma
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ruchun Wu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, 188 Daxue East Road, Xixiangtang District, Nanning, China
| | - Huiyang Bian
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel J. Yelle
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Tapani Vuorinen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shiyu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Junyong (J.Y.) Zhu
- Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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15
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You X, van Heiningen A, Sixta H, Iakovlev M. Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation of sugarcane straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:111-119. [PMID: 27089426 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of SO2-ethanol-water (AVAP®) fractionation was determined for sugarcane (SC) straw in terms of pulp composition (non-carbohydrate components, cellulose, hemicelluloses) and properties (kappa number, pulp intrinsic viscosity in CED and cellulose degree of polymerization). Effect of temperature (135-165°C) and time (18-118min) was studied at fixed liquor composition (SO2/ethanol/water=12:22.5:65.5, w/w) and a liquor-to-solid ratio (4Lkg(-1)). Interpretation is given in terms of major fractionation reactions, removal of non-carbohydrate components and xylan, as well as acid hydrolysis of cellulose, and is compared to other lignocellulosic substrates (beech, spruce and wheat straw). Overall, SO2-ethanol-water process efficiently fractionates SC straw by separating cellulose from both non-carbohydrate components and xylan while reducing cellulose DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang You
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; American Process Inc., 750 Piedmont Av., Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
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16
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Novozhilov EV, Sinel’nikov IG, Aksenov AS, Chukhchin DG, Tyshkunova IV, Rozhkova AM, Osipov DO, Zorov IN, Sinitsyn AP. Biocatalytic conversion of kraft pulp using cellulase complex of Penicillium verruculosum. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050416010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Renders T, Schutyser W, Van den Bosch S, Koelewijn SF, Vangeel T, Courtin CM, Sels BF. Influence of Acidic (H3PO4) and Alkaline (NaOH) Additives on the Catalytic Reductive Fractionation of Lignocellulose. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Renders
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Schutyser
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Van den Bosch
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven-Friso Koelewijn
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vangeel
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe M. Courtin
- Center
for Food and Microbial Technology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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18
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American Process: Production of Low Cost Nanocellulose for Renewable, Advanced Materials Applications. MATERIALS RESEARCH FOR MANUFACTURING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23419-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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19
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Zhu JY, Chandra MS, Gu F, Gleisner R, Reiner R, Sessions J, Marrs G, Gao J, Anderson D. Using sulfite chemistry for robust bioconversion of Douglas-fir forest residue to bioethanol at high titer and lignosulfonate: a pilot-scale evaluation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 179:390-397. [PMID: 25553570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated at the pilot-scale (50 kg) use of Douglas-fir forest harvest residue, an underutilized forest biomass, for the production of high titer and high yield bioethanol using sulfite chemistry without solid-liquor separation and detoxification. Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome the Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses (SPORL) was directly applied to the ground forest harvest residue with no further mechanical size reduction, at a low temperature of 145°C and calcium bisulfite or total SO2 loadings of only 6.5 or 6.6 wt% on oven dry forest residue, respectively. The low temperature pretreatment facilitated high solids fermentation of the un-detoxified pretreated whole slurry. An ethanol yield of 282 L/tonne, equivalent to 70% theoretical, with a titer of 42 g/L was achieved. SPORL solubilized approximately 45% of the wood lignin as directly marketable lignosulfonate with properties equivalent to or better than a commercial lignosulfonate, important to improve the economics of biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Zhu
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - M Subhosh Chandra
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA; Dept. of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
| | - Feng Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key and Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Rick Reiner
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Lab, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Sessions
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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20
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Yamamoto M, Niskanen T, Iakovlev M, Ojamo H, van Heiningen A. The effect of bark on sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of forest biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:390-397. [PMID: 24998480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this study was to find out the effect of bark on SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation and enzymatic hydrolysis of forest biomass. Softwood bark was found to be more harmful than hardwood bark in both processes. For softwood, the amount of undigested wood in SEW fractionation increased with the increasing bark content, whereas the hardwood bark did not impair the fractionation of wood. The higher the softwood bark content was the lower were the yields in enzymatic hydrolysis likely due to the unproductive binding of enzymes on lignin and other compounds. Addition of surfactant Tween 20 (2% w/w on substrate) prior to enzyme more than doubled the sugar yield of bark-rich softwood pulp. Hardwood bark impaired enzymatic hydrolysis when its share was over 28%. According to a preliminary study, lignosulfonates from the carry-over liquor seem to improve the sugar yield in the enzymatic hydrolysis by acting as a surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Yamamoto
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI- 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Niskanen
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI- 00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI- 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI- 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Heikki Ojamo
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI- 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI- 00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA.
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21
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Yamamoto M, Iakovlev M, Bankar S, Tunc MS, van Heiningen A. Enzymatic hydrolysis of hardwood and softwood harvest residue fibers released by sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water fractionation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:530-8. [PMID: 25022728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of hardwood and softwood harvest residues treated by SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation was studied. The target was to convert these fibers with high yield into glucose monomers which could be further converted into biofuel by a subsequent fermentation stage. Hardwood biomass residues were efficiently digested at low enzyme dosage (5 FPU/g cellulose) whereas the softwood residues required notably higher enzyme dosage (20 FPU) for sufficient conversion. However, cellulase dosage of softwood could be reduced mannanase supplementation. Especially the high lignin content of softwood biomass pulps impairs the digestibility and thereby, improved delignification could notably enhance the hydrolysis yields. It was shown that inferior delignification of SW biomass is due to persistent polyphenolic acids present in coniferous bark, whereas no evidence of the negative effect of inorganics and acetone extractives was observed. Additionally, SW hydrolyzate was successfully converted into a mixture of butanol, acetone and ethanol through ABE fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Yamamoto
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Sandip Bankar
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Mehmet Sefik Tunc
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA.
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22
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Morales LO, Iakovlev M, Martin-Sampedro R, Rahikainen JL, Laine J, van Heiningen A, Rojas OJ. Effects of residual lignin and heteropolysaccharides on the bioconversion of softwood lignocellulose nanofibrils obtained by SO2-ethanol-water fractionation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:55-62. [PMID: 24686371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The amount of residual lignin and hemicelluloses in softwood fibers was systematically varied by SO2-ethanol-water fractionation for integrated biorefinery with nanomaterial and biofuel production. On the basis of their low energy demand in mechanical processing, the fibers were deconstructed to lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) and used as substrate for bioconversion. The effect of LCNF composition on saccharification via multicomponent enzymes was investigated at different loadings. LCNF digestibility was compared with the enzyme activity measured with a quartz crystal microbalance. LCNF hydrolysis rate gradually decreased with lignin and hemicellulose concentration, both of which limited enzyme accessibility. Enzyme inhibition resulted from non-productive binding of proteins onto lignin. Near complete LCNF hydrolysis was achieved, even at high lignin and hemicellulose content. Sugar yields for LCNF were higher than those for precursor SEW fibers, highlighting the benefits of high surface area in LCNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis O Morales
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Raquel Martin-Sampedro
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria INIA, Carretera de la Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenni L Rahikainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Janne Laine
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland; North Carolina State University, Departments of Forest Biomaterials and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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23
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Yamamoto M, Iakovlev M, van Heiningen A. Kinetics of SO(2)-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of hardwood and softwood biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:307-313. [PMID: 24463411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SO(2)-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of forest residues (tree tops, stumps, branches) was investigated to demonstrate the potential of this method for forest biorefineries. The effect of fractionation time on dissolution of wood components was studied. Total mass balances of fractionation show that lignin and hemicelluloses are rapidly dissolved in the spent fractionation liquor whereas cellulose is fully preserved in the solid residue throughout the fractionation treatment. Within 20min treatment at 150°C (SO(2):EtOH:H2O=12:43.5:44.5, by weight, L:W ratio 6Lkg(-1)), 89% of hardwood lignin and 74% of hemicelluloses are dissolved. The corresponding values for softwood biomass are 64% and 74%, respectively, indicating slower delignification but equal hemicellulose removal. Additionally, sulfur content of the feedstocks, solid fractionation residues and spent liquors were analyzed to determine the degree of lignin sulfonation. The obtained results are compared with the stem wood fractionation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Yamamoto
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
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24
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Iakovlev M, You X, van Heiningen A, Sixta H. SO2–ethanol–water (SEW) fractionation of spruce: kinetics and conditions for paper and viscose-grade dissolving pulps. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45573d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Sklavounos E, Iakovlev M, Survase S, Granström T, van Heiningen A. Oil palm empty fruit bunch to biofuels and chemicals via SO2-ethanol-water fractionation and ABE fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 147:102-109. [PMID: 23994956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A process has been developed for conversion of spent liquor produced by SO2-ethanol-water (SEW) fractionation of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibers to biofuels by ABE fermentation. The fermentation process utilizes Clostridia bacteria that produce butanol, ethanol and acetone solvents at a total yield of 0.26 g/g sugars. A conditioning scheme is developed, which demonstrates that it is possible to utilize the hemicellulose sugars from this agricultural waste stream by traditional ABE fermentation. Fractionation as well as sugar hydrolysis in the spent liquor is hindered by the high cation content of OPEFB, which can be partly removed by acidic leaching suggesting that a better deashing method is necessary. Furthermore, it is inferred that better and more selective lignin removal is needed during conditioning to improve liquor fermentability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Sklavounos
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, POB 16400, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, POB 16400, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Shrikant Survase
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, POB 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tom Granström
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, POB 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Aalto University, School of Chemical Technology, Department of Forest Products Technology, POB 16400, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; University of Maine, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 5737 Jenness Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5737, USA
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26
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Zhou H, Zhu JY, Luo X, Leu SY, Wu X, Gleisner R, Dien BS, Hector RE, Yang D, Qiu X, Horn E, Negron J. Bioconversion of Beetle-Killed Lodgepole Pine Using SPORL: Process Scale-up Design, Lignin Coproduct, and High Solids Fermentation without Detoxification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie402873y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- USDA
Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - J. Y. Zhu
- USDA
Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- USDA
Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- USDA
Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department
of Civil Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roland Gleisner
- USDA
Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Bruce S. Dien
- USDA
Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illlinois, United States
| | - Ronald E. Hector
- USDA
Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illlinois, United States
| | - Dongjie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eric Horn
- BioPulping International, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jose Negron
- USDA
Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
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27
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Babkin I, Brovko O, Iakovlev M, Khabarov Y. Ferrofluid Synthesis Using Nitrosated Lignosulfonates. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Babkin
- Department of Pulp and Paper Production Technology, Lomonosov Nothern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002
Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Olga Brovko
- Department of Pulp and Paper Production Technology, Lomonosov Nothern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002
Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Institute
of Ecological Problems of the North, Ural department of the Russian Academy of Science, 163002 Arkhangelsk,
Russia
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest
Products Technology, Aalto University School of Chemical Technology, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Yuriy Khabarov
- Department of Pulp and Paper Production Technology, Lomonosov Nothern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002
Arkhangelsk, Russia
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28
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Sklavounos E, Iakovlev M, van Heiningen A. Study on Conditioning of SO2–Ethanol–Water Spent Liquor from Spruce Chips/Softwood Biomass for ABE Fermentation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie303126x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Sklavounos
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, POB 16400, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Mikhail Iakovlev
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, POB 16400, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Adriaan van Heiningen
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, POB 16400, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, University of Maine, 5737
Jenness Hall, Orono, Maine 04469-5737, United States
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29
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Wang ZJ, Lan TQ, Zhu JY. Lignosulfonate and elevated pH can enhance enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:9. [PMID: 24188090 PMCID: PMC3563490 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific (nonproductive) binding (adsorption) of cellulase by lignin has been identified as a key barrier to reduce cellulase loading for economical sugar and biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses (SPORL) is a relatively new process, but demonstrated robust performance for sugar and biofuel production from woody biomass especially softwoods in terms of yields and energy efficiencies. This study demonstrated the role of lignin sulfonation in enhancing enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses - lignosulfonate from SPORL can improve enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses, contrary to the conventional belief that lignin inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis due to nonspecific binding of cellulase. RESULTS The study found that lignosulfonate from SPORL pretreatment and from a commercial source inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of pure cellulosic substrates at low concentrations due to nonspecific binding of cellulase. Surprisingly, the reduction in enzymatic saccharification efficiency of a lignocellulosic substrate was fully recovered as the concentrations of these two lignosulfonates increased. We hypothesize that lignosulfonate serves as a surfactant to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis at higher concentrations and that this enhancement offsets its inhibitive effect from nonspecific binding of cellulase, when lignosulfonate is applied to lignocellulosic solid substrates. Lignosulfonate can block nonspecific binding of cellulase by bound lignin on the solid substrates, in the same manner as a nonionic surfactant, to significantly enhance enzymatic saccharification. This enhancement is linearly proportional to the amount of lignosulfonate applied which is very important to practical applications. For a SPORL-pretreated lodgepole pine solid, 90% cellulose saccharification was achieved at cellulase loading of 13 FPU/g glucan with the application of its corresponding pretreatment hydrolysate coupled with increasing hydrolysis pH to above 5.5 compared with only 51% for the control run without lignosulfonate at pH 5.0. The pH-induced lignin surface modification at pH 5.5 further reduced nonspecific binding of cellulase by lignosulfonate. CONCLUSIONS The results reported in this study suggest significant advantages for SPORL-pretreatment in terms of reducing water usage and enzyme dosage, and simplifying process integration, i.e., it should eliminate washing of SPORL solid fraction for direct simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and combined fermentation of enzymatic and pretreatment hydrolysates (SSCombF). Elevated pH 5.5 or higher, rather than the commonly believed optimal and widely practiced pH 4.8-5.0, should be used in conducting enzymatic saccharification of lignocelluloses.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZJ Wang
- Key Lab of Paper Science & Technology, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, China
- US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
| | - TQ Lan
- US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - JY Zhu
- US Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, USA
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30
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Bu L, Xing Y, Yu H, Gao Y, Jiang J. Comparative study of sulfite pretreatments for robust enzymatic saccharification of corn cob residue. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:87. [PMID: 23206858 PMCID: PMC3537520 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn cob residue (CCR) is a kind of waste lignocellulosic material with enormous potential for bioethanol production. The moderated sulphite processes were used to enhance the hydrophily of the material by sulfonation and hydrolysis. The composition, FT-IR spectra, and conductometric titrations of the pretreated materials were measured to characterize variations of the CCR in different sulfite pretreated environments. And the objective of this study is to compare the saccharification rate and yield of the samples caused by these variations. RESULTS It was found that the lignin in the CCR (43.2%) had reduced to 37.8%, 38.0%, 35.9%, and 35.5% after the sulfite pretreatment in neutral, acidic, alkaline, and ethanol environments, respectively. The sulfite pretreatments enhanced the glucose yield of the CCR. Moreover, the ethanol sulfite sample had the highest glucose yield (81.2%, based on the cellulose in the treated sample) among the saccharification samples, which was over 10% higher than that of the raw material (70.6%). More sulfonic groups and weak acid groups were produced during the sulfite pretreatments. Meanwhile, the ethanol sulfite treated sample had the highest sulfonic group (0.103 mmol/g) and weak acid groups (1.85 mmol/g) in all sulfite treated samples. In FT-IR spectra, the variation of bands at 1168 and 1190 cm-1 confirmed lignin sulfonation during sulfite pretreatment. The disappearance of the band at 1458 cm-1 implied the methoxyl on lignin had been removed during the sulfite pretreatments. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the lignin in the CCR can be degraded and sulfonated during the sulfite pretreatments. The pretreatments improve the hydrophility of the samples because of the increase in sulfonic group and weak acid groups, which enhances the glucose yield of the material. The ethanol sulfite pretreatment is the best method for lignin removal and with the highest glucose yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Bu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Iakovlev M, Heiningen AV. Kinetics of fractionation by SO2–ethanol–water (SEW) treatment: understanding the deconstruction of spruce wood chips. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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