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Queiroz BD, Vital PLS, Budke KO, Rey-Raap N, Arenillas A, Barra GMO, Ferreira DS, Camara GA, Wender H, Martins CA. A Comprehensive Investigation of Methanol Electrooxidation on Copper Anodes: Spectroelectrochemical Insights and Energy Conversion in Microfluidic Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35255-35267. [PMID: 38916943 PMCID: PMC11247425 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Here, we comprehensively investigated methanol electrooxidation on Cu-based catalysts, allowing us to build the first microfluidic fuel cell (μFC) equipped with a Cu anode and a metal-free cathode that converts energy from methanol. We applied a simple, fast, small-scale, and surfactant-free strategy for synthesizing Cu-based nanoparticles at room temperature in steady state (ST), under mechanical stirring (MS), or under ultrasonication (US). The morphology evaluation of the Cu-based samples reveals that they have the same nanoparticle (NP) needle-like form. The elemental mapping composition spectra revealed that pure Cu or Cu oxides were obtained for all synthesized materials. In addition to having more Cu2O on the surface, sample US had more Cu(OH)2 than the others, according to X-ray diffractograms and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sample US is less carbon-contaminated because of the local heating of the sonic bath, which also enhances the cleanliness of the Cu surface. The activity of the Cu NPs was investigated for methanol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium through electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The potentiodynamic and potentiostatic experiments showed higher current densities for the NPs synthesized in the US. In situ FTIR experiments revealed that the three synthesized NP materials eletcrooxidize methanol completely to carbonate through formate. Most importantly, all pathways were led without detectable CO, a poisoning molecule not found at high overpotentials. The reaction path using the US electrode experienced an additional round of formate formation and conversion into carbonate (or CO2 in the thin layer) after 1.0 V (vs. Ag/Ag/Cl), suggesting improved catalysis. The high activity of NPs synthesized in the US is attributed to effective dissociative adsorption of the fuel due to the site's availability and the presence of hydroxyl groups that may fasten the oxidation of adsorbates from the surface. After understanding the surface reaction, we built a mixed-media μFC fed by methanol in alkaline medium and sodium persulfate in acidic medium. The μFC was equipped with Cu NPs synthesized in ultrasonic-bath-modified carbon paper as the anode and metal-free carbon paper as the cathode. Since the onset potential for methanol electrooxidation was 0.45 V and the reduction reaction revealed 0.90 V, the theoretical OCV is 0.45 V, which provides a spontaneous coupled redox reaction to produce power. The μFC displayed 0.56 mA cm-2 of maximum current density and 26 μW cm-2 of peak power density at 100 μL min-1. This membraneless system optimizes each half-cell individually, making it possible to build fuel cells with noble metal-free anodes and metal-free cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno D Queiroz
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro-Lucas S Vital
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Kaê O Budke
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Rey-Raap
- Group MATENERCAT, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Ana Arenillas
- Group MATENERCAT, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe 26, Oviedo 33011, Spain
| | - Guilherme M O Barra
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Dênis S Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe A Camara
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Heberton Wender
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Cauê A Martins
- Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, CP 549, Campo Grande, MatoGrosso do Sul 79070-900, Brazil
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Zhong H, Estudillo-Wong LA, Gao Y, Feng Y, Alonso-Vante N. Cobalt-Based Multicomponent Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts Generated by Melamine Thermal Pyrolysis with High Performance in an Alkaline Hydrogen/Oxygen Microfuel Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21605-21615. [PMID: 32309924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of cobalt-based multicomponent electrocatalysts (Co-Cat-T) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were synthesized by thermal pyrolysis of activated carbon-supported cobalt and melamine mixture from 500 to 800 °C. Their corresponding electrocatalytic performance was systematically investigated toward ORR in an alkaline electrolyte. The electrocatalyst chemical composition and structure evolution (e.g., microstrain, crystallite size, and cell volume) were confirmed by X-ray diffraction Rietveld analyses. The material generated at 550 °C (Co-Cat-T550) showed the largest cell volume of the C3N4 phase with a crystallite size of 4.1 ± 0.1 nm. Independent of the heat-treatment temperature, the cobalt atom was coordinated to nitrogen moieties. The following findings: cobalt inserted in the carbon nitride framework (Co-g-C3N4), abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N species, unique encapsulated cross-tubular structure, and disordered carbon domains performed better in the ORR with Co-Cat-T550 among the obtained electrocatalysts. In addition, Co-Cat-T550 showed performance comparable to Pt/C in an alkaline hydrogen/oxygen microfuel cell platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
- IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, University of Poitiers, Poitiers Cedex F-86022, France
| | - Luis Alberto Estudillo-Wong
- Departamento de Sociedad y Política Ambiental, CIIEMAD, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle 30 de junio de 1520, Alcaldía GAM, CDMX C.P. 07340, Mexico
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
- Anqing Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 8 Huanhu West Road, High-Tech district, Anqing city, Anhui 24600, China
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Estudillo-Wong LA, Alonso-Vante N. Boosting the mineralization of reactive black 5 dye with Y- or H2-doped anatase phase: Equivalent induced photocatalytic effect. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Martins CA, Ibrahim OA, Pei P, Kjeang E. In situ decoration of metallic catalysts in flow-through electrodes: Application of Fe/Pt/C for glycerol oxidation in a microfluidic fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nanostructured Mn2O3/Pt/CNTs selective electrode for oxygen reduction reaction and methanol tolerance in mixed-reactant membraneless micro-DMFC. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Methanol-Tolerant M–N–C Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions in Acidic Media and Their Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are emerging technologies for the electrochemical conversion of the chemical energy of a fuel (methanol) directly into electrical energy, with a low environmental impact and high efficiency. Yet, before this technology can reach a large-scale diffusion, specific issues must be solved, in particular, the high cost of the cell components. In a direct methanol fuel cell system, high capital costs are mainly derived from the use of noble metal catalysts; therefore, the development of low-cost electro-catalysts, satisfying the target requirements of high performance and durability, represents an important challenge. The research is currently addressed to the development of metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) materials as cheap and sustainable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an acid environment, for application in polymer electrolyte fuel cells fueled by hydrogen or alcohol. In particular, this mini-review summarizes the recent advancements achieved in DMFCs using M–N–C catalysts. The presented analysis is restricted to M–N–C catalysts mounted at the cathode of a DMFC or investigated in rotating disk electrode (RDE) configuration for the ORR in the presence of methanol in order to study alcohol tolerance. The main synthetic routes and characteristics of the catalysts are also presented.
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Recent Advances of Cobalt-Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Electrode Reactions and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in the development of cobalt-based catalytic centers as the most potentially useful alternatives to noble metal-based electrocatalysts (Pt-, Ir-, and Ru-based) towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid and alkaline media. A series of cobalt-based high-performance electrocatalysts have been designed and synthesized including cobalt oxides/chalcogenides, Co–Nx/C, Co-layered double hydroxides (LDH), and Co–metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The strategies of controllable synthesis, the structural properties, ligand effect, defects, oxygen vacancies, and support materials are thoroughly discussed as a function of the electrocatalytic performance of cobalt-based electrocatalysts. Finally, prospects for the design of novel, efficient cobalt-based materials, for large-scale application and opportunities, are encouraged.
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Luo Y, Kirchhoff B, Fantauzzi D, Calvillo L, Estudillo-Wong LA, Granozzi G, Jacob T, Alonso-Vante N. Molybdenum Doping Augments Platinum-Copper Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:193-201. [PMID: 29112796 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts while also reducing costs remains an important challenge in energy research. To this end, we synthesized highly stable and active carbon-supported Mo-doped PtCu (Mo-PtCu/C) nanoparticles (NPs) from readily available precursors in a facile one-pot reaction. Mo-PtCu/C displays two-to-fourfold-higher ORR half-cell kinetics than reference PtCu/C and Pt/C materials, a trend that was confirmed in proof-of-concept experiments by using a H2 /O2 microlaminar fuel cell. This Mo-induced activity increase mirrors observations for Mo-PtNi/C NPs and possibly suggests an emerging trend. Electrochemical-accelerated stability tests revealed that dealloying was greatly reduced in Mo-PtCu/C in contrast to the binary alloys PtCu/C and PtMo/C. Supporting DFT studies suggested that the exceptional stability of Mo-PtCu could be attributed to oxidative resistance of the Mo-doped atoms. Furthermore, our calculations revealed that oxygen could induce segregation of Mo to the catalytic surface, at which it effected beneficial changes to the surface oxygen adsorption energetics in the context of the Sabatier principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, University of Poitiers, 14 rue Michel Brunet, 86022, Poitiers, France
| | - Björn Kirchhoff
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Donato Fantauzzi
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Straße 16, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nicolas Alonso-Vante
- IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285, University of Poitiers, 14 rue Michel Brunet, 86022, Poitiers, France
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Estudillo-Wong LA, Ramos-Sanchez G, Calvillo L, Granozzi G, Alonso-Vante N. Support Interaction Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles on Non-, Y-, Ce-Doped Anatase and Its Implication on the ORR in Acid and Alkaline Media. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guadalupe Ramos-Sanchez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; San Rafael Atlixco 186 Iztapalapa, Vicentina 09340 CDMX Mexico
| | - Laura Calvillo
- Department of Chemical Science; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 Padova I-35131 Italy
| | - Gaetano Granozzi
- Department of Chemical Science; University of Padova; Via Marzolo 1 Padova I-35131 Italy
| | - Nicolas Alonso-Vante
- IC2MP, UMR-CNRS 7285; University of Poitiers; 4 rue Michel Brunet 86022 Poitiers France
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Bhat ZM, Thimmappa R, Devendrachari MC, Shafi SP, Aralekallu S, Kottaichamy AR, Gautam M, Thotiyl MO. A Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell Driven by an Outer Sphere Positive Electrode. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3523-3529. [PMID: 28686441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, the conventional electron acceptor in fuel cells poses challenges specific to direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). Due to the coupling of alcohol dehydrogenation with the scission of oxygen on the positive electrode during the alcohol crossover, the benchmark Pt-based air cathode experiences severe competition and depolarization losses. The necessity of heavy precious metal loading with domains for alcohol tolerance in the state of the art DAFC cathode is a direct consequence of this. Although efforts are dedicated to selectively cleave oxygen, the root of the problem being the inner sphere nature of either half-cell chemistry is often overlooked. Using an outer sphere electron acceptor that does not form a bond with the cathode during redox energy transformation, we effectively decoupled the interfacial chemistry from parasitic chemistry leading to a DAFC driven by alcohol passive carbon nanoparticles, with performance metrics ∼8 times higher than Pt-based DAFC-O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Manzoor Bhat
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ravikumar Thimmappa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | | | - Shahid Pottachola Shafi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Shambulinga Aralekallu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Alagar Raja Kottaichamy
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Manu Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Energy Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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Zhong H, Luo Y, He S, Tang P, Li D, Alonso-Vante N, Feng Y. Electrocatalytic Cobalt Nanoparticles Interacting with Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube in Situ Generated from a Metal-Organic Framework for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2541-2549. [PMID: 28032991 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A metal organic framework (MOF), synthesized from cobalt salt, melamine (mela), and 1,4-dicarboxybezene (BDC), was used as precursor to prepare Co/CoNx/N-CNT/C electrocatalyst via heat treatment at different temperature (700-900 °C) under nitrogen atmosphere. Crystallites size and microstrain in the 800 °C heat-treated sample (MOFs-800) were the lowest, whereas the stacking fault value was the highest among the rest of the homemade samples, as attested to by the Williamson-Hall analysis, hence assessing that the structural or/and surface modification of Co nanoparticles (NPs), found in MOFs-800, was different from that in other samples. CNTs in MOFs-800, interacting with Co NPs, were formed on the surface of the support, keeping the hexagonal shape of the initial MOF. Among the three homemade samples, the MOF-800 sample, with the best electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M KOH solution, showed the highest density of CNTs skin on the support, the lowest ID/IG ratio, and the largest N atomic content in form of pyridinic-N, CoNx, pyrrolic-N, graphitic-N, and oxidized-N species. Based on the binding energy shift toward lower energies, a strong interaction between the active site and the support was identified for MOFs-800 sample. The number of electron transfer was 3.8 on MOFs-800, close to the value of 4.0 determined on the Pt/C benchmark, thus implying a fast and efficient multielectron reduction of molecular oxygen on CoNx active sites. In addition, the chronoamperometric response within 24 000 s showed a more stable current density at 0.69 V/RHE on MOFs-800 as compared with that of Pt/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Luo
- New Energy Research Institute, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shi He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pinggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
| | | | - Yongjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , No. 15 Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China
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What Can We Learn in Electrocatalysis, from Nanoparticulated Precious and/or Non-Precious Catalytic Centers Interacting with Their Support? Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Morphological impact onto organic fuel oxidation of nanostructured palladium synthesized via carbonyl chemical route. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Unni SM, Mora-Hernandez JM, Kurungot S, Alonso-Vante N. CoSe2Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanohorns as a Methanol-Tolerant Cathode for Air-Breathing Microlaminar Flow Fuel Cells. ChemElectroChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sebastián D, Baglio V, Sun S, Tavares AC, Aricò AS. Graphene-Supported Substoichiometric Sodium Tantalate as a Methanol-Tolerant, Non-Noble-Metal Catalyst for the Electroreduction of Oxygen. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201403026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ma J, Habrioux A, Morais C, Alonso-Vante N. Electronic modification of Pt via Ti and Se as tolerant cathodes in air-breathing methanol microfluidic fuel cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:13820-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xia F, Pan M, Mu S, Jones MD, Kociok-Köhn G, Tsang SC, Marken F. Imparting pH- and small molecule selectivity to nano-Pd catalysts via hydrothermal wrapping with chitosan. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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