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Kim JH, Kang YC. Synthesis of Uniquely Structured Yolk-Shell Metal Oxide Microspheres Filled with Nitrogen-Doped Graphitic Carbon with Excellent Li-Ion Storage Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1701585. [PMID: 28834282 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel structured composite microspheres of metal oxide and nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon (NGC) have been developed as efficient anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. A new strategy is first applied to a one-pot preparation of composite (FeOx -NGC/Y) microspheres via spray pyrolysis. The FeOx -NGC/Y composite microspheres have a yolk-shell structure based on the iron oxide material. The void space of the yolk-shell microsphere is filled with NGC. Dicyandiamide additive plays a key role in the formation of the FeOx -NGC/Y composite microspheres by inducing Ostwald ripening to form a yolk-shell structure based on the iron oxide material. The FeOx -NGC/Y composite microspheres with the mixed crystal structure of rock salt FeO and spinel Fe3 O4 phases show highly superior lithium-ion storage performances compared to the dense-structured FeOx microspheres with and without carbon material. The discharge capacities of the FeOx -NGC/Y microspheres for the 1st and 1000th cycle at 1 A g-1 are 1423 and 1071 mAh g-1 , respectively. The microspheres have a reversible discharge capacity of 598 mAh g-1 at an extremely high current density of 10 A g-1 . Furthermore, the strategy described in this study is generally applied to multicomponent metal oxide-carbon composite microspheres with yolk-shell structures based on metal oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-Dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Yang M, Kwun J, Game OS, Zhao Y, Pang S, Padture NP, Zhu K. Intercalation crystallization of phase-pure α-HC(NH₂)₂PbI₃ upon microstructurally engineered PbI₂ thin films for planar perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6265-6270. [PMID: 26549434 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The microstructure of the solid-PbI2 precursor thin film plays an important role in the intercalation crystallization of the formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite (α-HC(NH2)2PbI3). It is shown that microstructurally engineered PbI2 thin films with porosity and low crystallinity are the most favorable for conversion into uniform-coverage, phase-pure α-HC(NH2)2PbI3 perovskite thin films. Planar perovskite solar cells fabricated using these thin films deliver power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 13.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Mengjin Yang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Joonsuh Kwun
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Onkar S Game
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Yixin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Pang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P.R. China
| | - Nitin P Padture
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Kai Zhu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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Wang X, Meng JQ, Wang M, Xiao Y, Liu R, Xia Y, Yao Y, Metwalli E, Zhang Q, Qiu B, Liu Z, Pan J, Sun LD, Yan CH, Müller-Buschbaum P, Cheng YJ. Facile Scalable Synthesis of TiO2/Carbon Nanohybrids with Ultrasmall TiO2 Nanoparticles Homogeneously Embedded in Carbon Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24247-24255. [PMID: 26465800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A facile scalable synthesis of TiO2/C nanohybrids inspired by polymeric dental restorative materials has been developed, which creates ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles homogeneously embedded in the carbon matrix. The average size of the nanoparticles is tuned between about 1 and 5 nm with the carbon content systematically increased from 0% to 65%. Imaging analysis and a scattering technique have been applied to investigate the morphology of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The composition, nature of carbon matrix, crystallinity, and tap density of the TiO2/C nanohybrids have been studied. The application of the TiO2/C nanohybrids as lithium-ion battery anode is demonstrated. Unusual discharge/charge profiles have been exhibited, where characteristic discharge/charge plateaus of crystalline TiO2 are significantly diminished. The tap density, cyclic capacities, and rate performance at high current densities (10 C, 20 C) of the TiO2/C nanohybrid anodes have been effectively improved compared to the bare carbon anode and the TiO2/C nanohybrids with larger particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University , Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Lab on Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ezzeldin Metwalli
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Qian Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
| | - Bao Qiu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jing Pan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Dong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Lab on Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Hua Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Lab on Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ya-Jun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1219 Zhongguan West Rd., Zhenhai District, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315201, P. R. China
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Shi M, Kou S, Yan X. Engineering the electrochemical capacitive properties of graphene sheets in ionic-liquid electrolytes by correct selection of anions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:3053-62. [PMID: 25146489 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201402275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene sheet (GS)-ionic liquid (IL) supercapacitors are receiving intense interest because their specific energy density far exceeds that of GS-aqueous electrolytes supercapacitors. The electrochemical properties of ILs mainly depend on their diverse ions, especially anions. Therefore, identifying suitable IL electrolytes for GSs is currently one of the most important tasks. The electrochemical behavior of GSs in a series of ILs composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (EMIM(+)) with different anions is systematically studied. Combined with the formula derivation and building models, it is shown that the viscosity, ion size, and molecular weight of ILs affect the electrical conductivity of ILs, and thus, determine the electrochemical performances of GSs. Because the EMIM-dicyanamide IL has the lowest viscosity, ion size, and molecular weight, GSs in it exhibit the highest specific capacitance, smallest resistance, and best rate capability. In addition, because the tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4(-)) has the best electrochemical stability, the GS-[EMIM][BF4] supercapacitor has the widest potential window, and thus, displays the largest energy density. These results may provide valuable information for selecting appropriate ILs and designing high-performance GS-IL supercapacitors to meet different needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Shi
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou (PR China); State Key Laboratory of Gansu Advanced Non-ferrous Metal Materials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 730000 Lanzhou (PR China)
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Kim JH, Kang YC. Electrochemical properties of micron-sized, spherical, meso- and macro-porous Co3O4 and CoO-carbon composite powders prepared by a two-step spray drying process. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4789-4795. [PMID: 24664313 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06651g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micron-sized, spherical, meso- and macro-porous Co3O4 and CoO-carbon composite powders were prepared via a simple two-step spray drying process. The CoO-carbon composite powders, in which homogeneous mixing of the metal oxide and carbon components was achieved using the first spray drying process, were wet milled to produce the slurry for the second spray drying process. Co3O4 and CoO-carbon composite powders with mean particle sizes of 4.4 and 4.7 μm were respectively obtained by spray-drying the slurry after post-treatment at 400 °C under air and nitrogen atmospheres. Meso- and macro-pores were uniformly distributed inside the Co3O4 and CoO-carbon composite powders. The CoO-carbon composite powders exhibited discharge capacities of 882 and 855 mA h g(-1) at a high constant current density of 1400 mA g(-1) for the 2(nd) and 100(th) cycles. The discharge capacities of the Co3O4 powders at the 2(nd) and 100(th) cycles were 970 and 644 mA h g(-1). With stepwise increment in the current density from 500 to 5000 mA g(-1), the discharge capacities of the CoO-carbon composite powders decreased slightly from 985 to 698 mA h g(-1). The superior rate and cycling performances of the CoO-carbon composite powders are ascribed to their meso- and macro-porous structures and carbon components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Wang X, Liu B, Xiang Q, Wang Q, Hou X, Chen D, Shen G. Spray-painted binder-free SnSe electrodes for high-performance energy-storage devices. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:308-313. [PMID: 24339208 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
SnSe nanocrystal electrodes on three-dimensional (3D) carbon fabric and Au-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wafer have been prepared by a simple spray-painting process and were further investigated as binder-free active-electrodes for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and flexible stacked all-solid-state supercapacitors. The as-painted SnSe nanocrystals/carbon fabric electrodes exhibit an outstanding capacity of 676 mAh g(-1) after 80 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g(-1) and a considerable high-rate capability in lithium storage because of the excellent ion transport from the electrolyte to the active materials and the efficient charge transport between current collector and electrode materials. The binder-free electrodes also provide a larger electrochemical active surface compared with electrodes containing binders, which leads to the enhanced capacities of energy-storage devices. A flexible stacked all-solid-state supercapacitor based on the SnSe nanocrystals on Au-coated PET wafers shows high capacitance reversibility with little performance degradation at different current densities after 2200 charge-discharge cycles and even when bent. This allows for many potential applications in facile, cost-effective, spray-paintable, and flexible energy-storage devices. The results indicate that the fabrication of binder-free electrodes by a spray painting process is an interesting direction for the preparation of high-performance energy-storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfu Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074 (P.R. China); State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institution of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100083 (P.R. China)
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Nithya C, Gopukumar S. Reduced graphite oxide/nano Sn: a superior composite anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:898-904. [PMID: 23512863 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical performance of reduced graphite oxide (RGO) anchored with nano Sn particles, which are synthesized by a reduction method, is presented. The Sn nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the RGO matrix and the size of the particles is approximately 5-10 nm. The uniform distribution effectively accommodates the volume expansion experienced by Sn particles during cycling. The observed electrochemical performance (97 % capacity retention) can be ascribed to the flexible RGO matrix with uniform distribution of Sn particles, which reduces the lithium-ion diffusion path lengths; therefore, the RGO matrix provides more stability to the Sn particles during cycling. Such studies on Sn nanoparticles anchored on RGO matrices have not been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Nithya
- CSIR - Network Institutes of Solar Energy and CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630 006, India
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