One-pot conversions of raffinose into furfural derivatives and sugar alcohols by using heterogeneous catalysts

The one-step transformation of fructose to 2,5-diformylfuran over Ru metal supported on montmorillonite

Ruthenium metal supported on a montmorillonite (2 wt% Ru-MMT) catalyst have been synthesized and characterized. Catalyst found to be effective for the one-pot transformation of fructose to DFF showing an excellent yield with good recyclability.

Catalytic oxidation of carbohydrates into organic acids and furan chemicals

A review on the development of new routes for the production of organic acids and furan compoundsviacatalytic oxidation reactions.

One-Pot Conversion of Carbohydrates into Furan Derivatives via Furfural and 5-Hydroxylmethylfurfural as Intermediates

Recently, there has been growing interest in the transformation of renewable biomass into value-added fuels and chemicals. The catalytic conversion of naturally abundant carbohydrates can generate two-important furan chemicals: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from C6 carbohydrates and furfural from C5 carbohydrates. Both HMF and furfural have received great interest as precursors in the synthesis of commodity chemicals and liquid fuels. In recent years, a trend has emerged to integrate sequential catalytic processes involving multistep reactions for the direct one-pot transformation of carbohydrates into the aimed fuels and chemicals. One-pot reactions have remarkably unique and environmentally friendly benefits, including the fact that isolation and purification of intermediate compounds can be avoided. Herein, the present article aims to review recent advances in the one-pot conversion of carbohydrates into furan derivatives via furfural and HMF as intermediates. Special attention will be paid to the catalytic systems, mechanistic insight, reaction pathways, and catalyst stability. It is expected that this review will guide researchers to develop effective catalytic systems for the one-pot transformation of carbohydrates into furan derivatives.

Nano-ZrO2 sulfuric acid: a heterogeneous solid acid nano catalyst for Biginelli reaction under solvent free conditions

Nano-ZrO₂ sulfuric acid [n-ZrO₂–SO₃H (n-ZrSA)] has been synthesized from the reaction of nano-ZrO₂ with chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonating agent.

Nano-zirconia as an excellent nano support for immobilization of sulfonic acid: a new, efficient and highly recyclable heterogeneous solid acid nanocatalyst for multicomponent reactions

Nano-zirconia-supported sulfonic acid as a novel, highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous nanocatalyst is reported for the synthesis of multicomponent reactions.

Simple efficient one-pot synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and 2,5-diformylfuran from carbohydrates

A one-pot procedure for the synthesis of DFF starting from mono-, di- or polysaccharides or from primary biomass has been developed. HMF is formed as intermediate and can also be isolated.

One-step Conversion of Furfural into 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran under Mild Conditions

One-step direct conversion of biomass-derived furfural to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran was realized under atmospheric pressure over a dual solid catalyst based on two-stage-packed Cu-Pd in a reactor; this is the first report that one-step conversion of furfural resulted in high yield of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (97.1 %) under atmospheric pressure. This strategy provided a successive hydrogenation process, which avoids high H2 pressure, uses the reactor efficiently, and eliminates the product-separation step. Therefore, it could enhance the overall efficiency as a result of low cost and high yield.

Selective aerobic oxidation of HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran on covalent triazine frameworks-supported Ru catalysts

The selective aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-diformylfuran has been performed under mild conditions at 80 °C and 20 bar of synthetic air in methyl t-butyl ether. Ru clusters supported on covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) allowed excellent selectivity and superior catalytic activity compared to other support materials such as activated carbon, γ-Al2 O3 , hydrotalcite, or MgO. CTFs with varying pore size, specific surface area, and N content could be prepared from different monomers. The structural properties of the CTF materials influence the catalytic activity of Ru/CTF significantly in the aerobic oxidation of HMF, which emphasizes the superior activity of mesoporous CTFs. Recycling of the catalysts is challenging, but promising methods to maintain high catalytic activity were developed that facilitate only minor deactivation in five consecutive recycling experiments.

Magnetic nanoparticle-supported imidazole tribromide: a green, mild, recyclable and metal-free catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in the presence of aqueous hydrogen peroxide

Imidazole tribromide immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles as a bromine source was prepared and characterized by XRD, TGA, FT-IR, EDS, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques.