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Djellabi R, Aboagye D, Galloni MG, Vilas Andhalkar V, Nouacer S, Nabgan W, Rtimi S, Constantí M, Medina Cabello F, Contreras S. Combined conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into high-value products with ultrasonic cavitation and photocatalytic produced reactive oxygen species - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 368:128333. [PMID: 36403911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The production of high-value products from lignocellulosic biomass is carried out through the selective scission of crosslinked CC/CO bonds. Nowadays, several techniques are applied to optimize biomass conversion into desired products with high yields. Photocatalytic technology has been proven to be a valuable tool for valorizing biomass at mild conditions. The photoproduced reactive oxygen species (ROSs) can initiate the scission of crosslinked bonds and form radical intermediates. However, the low mass transfer of the photocatalytic process could limit the production of a high yield of products. The incorporation of ultrasonic cavitation in the photocatalytic system provides an exceptional condition to boost the fragmentation and transformation of biomass into the desired products within a lesser reaction time. This review critically discusses the main factors governing the application of photocatalysis for biomass valorization and tricks to boost the selectivity for enhancing the yield of desired products. Synergistic effects obtained through the combination of sonolysis and photocatalysis were discussed in depth. Under ultrasonic vibration, hot spots could be produced on the surface of the photocatalysts, improving the mass transfer through the jet phenomenon. In addition, shock waves can assist the dissolution and mixing of biomass particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Djellabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Dominic Aboagye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Melissa Greta Galloni
- Chemistry Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Sana Nouacer
- Laboratory of Water Treatment and Valorization of Industrial Wastes, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji-Mokhtar University, Annaba BP12 2300, Algeria; École Nationale Supérieure des Mines et Métallurgie, ENSMM, Ex CEFOS Chaiba BP 233 RP Annaba, Sidi Amar W129, Algeria
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Sami Rtimi
- Global Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Geneva 1201, Switzerland
| | - Magda Constantí
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Contreras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Presence of Water for the Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology and Investigation of Caffeine Extraction Mechanism. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244089. [PMID: 36553832 PMCID: PMC9777831 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds are a promising bioresource that naturally contain around 50 wt% moisture which requires, for a valorization, a drying step of high energy and economic costs. However, the natural water in spent coffee grounds could bring new benefits as a co-solvent during the supercritical CO2 extraction (SC-CO2). This work reports the influence and optimization of pressure (115.9-284.1 bars), temperature (33.2-66.8 °C), and moisture content (6.4-73.6 wt%) on simultaneous extraction of lipids and polar molecules contained in spent coffee grounds by supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) using Central Composite Rotatable Design and Response Surface Methodology. The results show that for lipids extraction, pressure is the most influent parameter, although the influence of moisture content is statistically negligible. This suggests that water does not act as barrier to CO2 diffusion in the studied area. However, moisture content is the most influent parameter for polar molecules extraction, composed of 99 wt% of caffeine. Mechanism investigations highlight that H2O mainly act by (i) breaking caffeine interactions with chlorogenic acids present in spent coffee grounds matrix and (ii) transferring selectively caffeine without chlorogenic acid by liquid/liquid extraction with SC-CO2. Thus, the experiment for the optimization of lipids and polar molecules extraction is performed at a pressure of 265 bars, a temperature of 55 °C, and a moisture content of 55 wt%.
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Cousin E, Namhaed K, Pérès Y, Cognet P, Delmas M, Hermansyah H, Gozan M, Alaba PA, Aroua MK. Towards efficient and greener processes for furfural production from biomass: A review of the recent trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157599. [PMID: 35901885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As mentioned in several recent reviews, biomass-based furfural is attracting increasing interest as a feasible alternative for the synthesis of a wide range of non-petroleum-derived compounds. However, the lack of environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable industrial procedures is still evident. This review describes the chemical and biological routes for furfural production. The mechanisms proposed for the chemical transformation of xylose to furfural are detailed, as are the current advances in the manufacture of furfural from biomass. The main goal is to overview the different ways of improving the furfural synthesis process. A pretreatment process, particularly chemical and physico-chemical, enhances the digestibility of biomass, leading to the production of >70 % of available sugars for the production of valuable products. The combination of heterogeneous (zeolite and polymeric solid) catalyst and biphasic solvent system (water/GVL and water/CPME) is regarded as an attractive approach, affording >75 % furfural yield for over 80 % of selectivity with the possibility of catalyst reuse. Microwave heating as an activation technique reduces reaction time at least tenfold, making the process more sustainable. The state of the art in industrial processes is also discussed. It shows that, when sulfuric acid is used, the furfural yields do not exceed 55 % for temperatures close to 180 °C. However, the MTC process recently achieved an 83 % yield by continuously removing furfural from the liquid phase. Finally, the CIMV process, using a formic acid/acetic acid mixture, has been developed. The economic aspects of furfural production are then addressed. Future research will be needed to investigate scaling-up and biological techniques that produce acceptable yields and productivities to become commercially viable and competitive in furfural production from biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cousin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Kritsana Namhaed
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yolande Pérès
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Cognet
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Delmas
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Heri Hermansyah
- Biorefinery Lab, Bioprocess Engineering Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Misri Gozan
- Biorefinery Lab, Bioprocess Engineering Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia.
| | - Peter Adeniyi Alaba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
- Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom; Sunway Materials Smart Science & Engineering Research Cluster (SMS2E), Sunway University, No. 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Plant Extraction in Water: Towards Highly Efficient Industrial Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of this century, the world has experienced a growing need for enabling techniques and more environmentally friendly protocols that can facilitate more rational industrial production. Scientists are faced with the major challenges of global warming and safeguarding water and food quality. Organic solvents are still widely used and seem to be hard to replace, despite their enormous environmental and toxicological impact. The development of water-based strategies for the extraction of primary and secondary metabolites from plants on a laboratory scale is well documented, with several intensified processes being able to maximize the extraction power of water. Technologies, such as ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, microwaves and pressurized reactors that achieve subcritical water conditions can dramatically increase extraction rates and yields. In addition, significant synergistic effects have been observed when using combined techniques. Due to the limited penetration depth of microwaves and ultrasonic waves, scaling up entails changes to reactor design. Nevertheless, the rich academic literature from laboratory-scale investigations may contribute to the engineering work involved in maximizing mass/energy transfer. In this article, we provide an overview of current and innovative techniques for solid-liquid extraction in water for industrial applications, where continuous and semi-continuous processes can meet the high demands for productivity, profitability and quality.
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Liang J, Bin Zulkifli MY, Yong J, Du Z, Ao Z, Rawal A, Scott JA, Harmer JR, Wang J, Liang K. Locking the Ultrasound-Induced Active Conformation of Metalloenzymes in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17865-17875. [PMID: 36075889 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing the enzymatic activity inside metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a critical challenge in chemical technology and bio-technology, which, if addressed, will broaden their scope in energy, food, environmental, and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we report a simple yet versatile and effective strategy to optimize biocatalytic activity by using MOFs to rapidly "lock" the ultrasound (US)-activated but more fragile conformation of metalloenzymes. The results demonstrate that up to 5.3-fold and 9.3-fold biocatalytic activity enhancement of the free and MOF-immobilized enzymes could be achieved compared to those without US pretreatment, respectively. Using horseradish peroxidase as a model, molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates that the improved activity of the enzyme is driven by an opened gate conformation of the heme active site, which allows more efficient substrate binding to the enzyme. The intact heme active site is confirmed by solid-state UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance, while the US-induced enzyme conformation change is confirmed by circular dichroism spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the improved activity of the biocomposites does not compromise their stability upon heating or exposure to organic solvent and a digestion cocktail. This rapid locking and immobilization strategy of the US-induced active enzyme conformation in MOFs gives rise to new possibilities for the exploitation of highly efficient biocatalysts for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia
| | - Muhammad Yazid Bin Zulkifli
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia
| | - Joel Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia
| | - Zeping Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale Australia
| | - Jason A Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Harmer
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland Australia
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92093, California, United States
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia.,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wale, Australia
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6
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Jaiswal KS, Rathod VK. Process Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Flavor Esters: A Review. CHEM REC 2021; 22:e202100213. [PMID: 34859555 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The conventional flavor synthesis method suffers from low yields, time inefficiency, and extreme reaction conditions. Therefore, there is a necessity for the green and novel synthesis approach to overcome these limitations. The current review presents a holistic insight into different aspects associated with the synthesis of flavor esters using the immobilized enzyme. The application of process intensification tools such as ultrasound and microwave irradiation can enhance the reaction efficiency because of higher product recovery, less formation of by-products, and decreased energy consumption. This review presents the process intensification of value-added flavor esters synthesis and the mechanism of ultrasound and microwave action on the enzyme to enhance the enzyme activity and increase the reaction rate. It also summarizes the role of process intensification in enzymatic flavor ester synthesis, followed by specific examples as reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal S Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, India
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7
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Tran MH, Phan DP, Nguyen TH, Kim HB, Kim J, Park ED, Lee EY. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of alkali lignin in supercritical ethanol over copper monometallic catalyst supported on a chromium-based metal-organic framework for the efficient production of aromatic monomers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125941. [PMID: 34543818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic hydrogenolysis of lignin has been reported as an effective approach for lignin depolymerization owing to its high efficiency for aromatic monomer production. In this study, a series of copper monometallic catalysts over an MIL-101(Cr) support were synthesized and used for the catalytic hydrogenolysis of alkali lignin using supercritical ethanol. First, the optimal copper catalyst for lignin hydrogenolysis was selected. Subsequently, the reaction conditions for catalytic hydrogenolysis were systematically optimized to maximize the total monomer yield. The optimal conditions were determined to be 6 h of reaction time, 20 min of sonication pretreatment, 50% catalyst loading, and 5% lignin loading. Under these conditions, an aromatic monomer yield of 38.5% was obtained; this depolymerized lignin stream, which is mainly composed of G-type monomers, can serve as a promising aromatic feedstock and carbon source for further microbial upgrading and bioconversion to produce various value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Ha Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dieu-Phuong Phan
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Ha Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bom Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Duck Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Cellulose Recovery from Agri-Food Residues by Effective Cavitational Treatments. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Residual biomass from agri-food production chain and forestry are available in huge amounts for further valorisation processes. Delignification is usually the crucial step in the production of biofuels by fermentation as well as in the conversion of cellulose into high added-value compounds. High-intensity ultrasound (US) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) have been widely exploited as effective pretreatment techniques for biomass conversion and in particular for cellulose recovery. Due to their peculiar mechanisms, cavitational treatments promote an effective lignocellulosic matrix dismantling with delignification at low temperature (35–50 °C). Cavitation also promotes cellulose decrystallization due to a partial depolymerization. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in US and HC-assisted delignification and further cellulose recovery and valorisation.
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9
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Flores EMM, Cravotto G, Bizzi CA, Santos D, Iop GD. Ultrasound-assisted biomass valorization to industrial interesting products: state-of-the-art, perspectives and challenges. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105455. [PMID: 33444940 PMCID: PMC7808943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the application of ultrasound (US) energy for assisting the lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials conversion into value-added products has dramatically increased. In this sense, this review covers theoretical aspects, promising applications, challenges and perspectives about US and its use for biomass treatment. The combination of US energy with a suitable reaction time, temperature and solvent contributes to the destruction of recalcitrant lignin structure, allowing the products to be used in thermochemical and biological process. The main mechanisms related to US propagation and impact on the fragmentation of lignocellulosic materials, selectivity, and yield of conversion treatments are discussed. Moreover, the synergistic effects between US and alternative green solvents with the perspective of industrial applications are investigated. The present survey analysed the last ten years of literature, studying challenges and perspectives of US application in biorefinery. We were aiming to highlight value-added products and some new areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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10
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Santos D, Iop GD, Bizzi CA, Mello PA, Mesko MF, Balbinot FP, Flores EMM. A single step ultrasound-assisted nitrocellulose synthesis from microcrystalline cellulose. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105453. [PMID: 33412386 PMCID: PMC7803929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrocellulose is a nitrated cellulose polymer with a broad application in industry. Depending on the nitrogen content, this polymer can be used for manufacturing explosives, varnishes, clothes, and films, being considered a product of high value-added. In this work, the use of ultrasound was investigated for the intensification of nitrocellulose synthesis from microcrystalline cellulose. The ultrasound-assisted nitrocellulose synthesis (UANS) was carried out using several ultrasound systems, such as baths and cup horns, allowing the evaluation of the frequency (from 20 to 130 kHz) and delivered power (from 23 to 134 W dm-3) to the reaction medium. The following parameters were evaluated: acid mixture (H2SO4, H3PO4, CH2O2 or CH3COOH with HNO3, 2 to 14.4 mol L-1), ultrasound amplitude (10 to 70%) and reaction time (5 to 50 min). Better nitrocellulose yield (nitrogen content of 12.5% was obtained from 1 g of microcrystalline cellulose employing a cup horn system operating at 20 kHz, 750 W of nominal power with 60% of amplitude, 25 mL of acid solution (13.6 mL of 18.4 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 9.2 mL of 14.4 mol L-1 HNO3 + 2.2 mL H2O), at 30 °C for 30 min. At silent conditions (mechanical stirring ranging from 100 to 500 rpm), the nitrogen content was lower than 11.8% which demonstrate the ultrasound effects for nitrocellulose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Center of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Balbinot
- Center of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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11
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Kashin A, Degtyareva ES, Ananikov VP. Visualization of the Mechanical Wave Effect on Liquid Microphases and Its Application for the Tuning of Dissipative Soft Microreactors. JACS AU 2021; 1:87-97. [PMID: 34467272 PMCID: PMC8395697 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of approaches for creation of adaptive and stimuli-responsive chemical systems is particularly important for chemistry, materials science, and biotechnology. The understanding of response mechanisms for various external forces is highly demanded for the rational design of task-specific systems. Here, we report direct liquid-phase scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the high frequency sound-wave-driven restructuring of liquid media on the microlevel, leading to switching of its chemical behavior. We show that under the action of ultrasound, the microstructured ionic liquid/water mixture undergoes rearrangement resulting in formation of separated phases with specific compositions and reactivities. The observed effect was successfully utilized for creation of dissipative soft microreactors formed in ionic liquid/water media during the sonication-driven water transfer. The performance of the microreactors was demonstrated using the example of controlled synthesis of small and uniform gold and palladium nanoparticles. The microsonication stage, designed and used in the present study, opened unique opportunities for direct sonochemical studies with the use of electron microscopy.
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12
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Khan A, Goepel M, Lisowski W, Łomot D, Lisovytskiy D, Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka M, Gläser R, Colmenares JC. Titania/chitosan–lignin nanocomposite as an efficient photocatalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol under UV and visible light. RSC Adv 2021; 11:34996-35010. [PMID: 35494738 PMCID: PMC9042820 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing functional materials from biomass is a significant research subject due to its unique structure, abundant availability, biodegradability and low cost. A series of chitosan–lignin (CL) composites were prepared through a hydrothermal method by varying the weight ratio of chitosan and lignin. Subsequently, these CL composites were combined with titania (T) to form a nanocomposite (T/CL) using sol–gel and hydrothermal based methods. T/CL nanocomposites exhibited improved photocatalytic performance in comparison with sol–gel and hydrothermally prepared pristine titania (SGH-TiO2), towards the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BnOH) to benzaldehyde (Bnald) under UV (375 nm) and visible light (515 nm). More specifically, the 75T/CL(25 : 75) nanocomposite (a representative photocatalyst from the 75T/CL nanocomposite series) showed very high selectivity (94%) towards Bnald at 55% BnOH conversion under UV light. Whereas, SGH-TiO2 titania exhibited much lower (68%) selectivity for Bnald at similar BnOH conversion. Moreover, the 75T/CL(25 : 75) nanocomposite also showed excellent Bnald selectivity (100%) at moderate BnOH conversion (19%) under visible light. Whereas, SGH-TiO2 did not show any activity for BnOH oxidation under visible light. XPS studies suggest that the visible light activity of the 75T/CL(25 : 75) nanocomposite is possibly related to the doping of nitrogen into titania from chitosan. However, according to UV-visible-DRS results, no direct evidence pertaining to the decrease in band-gap energy of titania was found upon coupling with the CL composite and the visible light activity was attributed to N-doping of titania. Overall, it was found that T/CL nanocomposites enhanced the photocatalytic performance of titania via improved light harvesting and higher selectivity through mediation of active radical species. Combining titania with chitosan–lignin composites results in an active and selective photocatalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde under green light (515 nm).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Michael Goepel
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Dariusz Łomot
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Dmytro Lisovytskiy
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | | | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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13
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Calcio Gaudino E, Cravotto G, Manzoli M, Tabasso S. Sono- and mechanochemical technologies in the catalytic conversion of biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1785-1812. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01152e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on the valorisation of biomass by sonochemical and mechanochemical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | - Maela Manzoli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- University of Turin
- 10125 Turin
- Italy
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Liu X, Zhu R, Chen T, Song P, Lu F, Xu F, Ralph J, Zhang X. Mild Acetylation and Solubilization of Ground Whole Plant Cell Walls in EmimAc: A Method for Solution-State NMR in DMSO- d6. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13101-13109. [PMID: 32885955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of polysaccharides and lignin. The complexity and diversity of the plant cell wall polymers makes it difficult to isolate the components in pure form for characterization. Many current approaches to analyzing the structure of lignocellulose, which involve sequential extraction and characterization of the resulting fractions, are time-consuming and labor-intensive. The present study describes a new and facile system for rationally derivatizing and dissolving coarsely ground plant cell wall materials. Using ionic liquids (EmimAc) and dichloroacetyl chloride as a solvent/reagent produced mildly acetylated whole cell walls without significant degradation. The acetylated products were soluble in DMSO-d6 from which they can be characterized by solution-state two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectrometry. A distinct advantage of the procedure is that it realizes the dissolution of whole lignocellulosic materials without requiring harsh ball milling, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution 2D NMR spectra to revealing structural details of the main components (lignin and polysaccharides). The method is therefore beneficial to understanding the composition and structure of biomass aimed at its improved utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruonan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tianying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Fachuang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.,Department of Energy, Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, The Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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15
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Chatel G. Chemists around the World, Take Your Part in the Circular Economy! Chemistry 2020; 26:9665-9673. [PMID: 32608524 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Based on recent examples and initiatives reported in the literature, this concept article discusses how chemistry can contribute to the circular economy approach in order to improve our current and future economical, societal, and environmental system. Through five proposed levels of contribution, chemists can take a significant part in this global approach via the consideration of green chemistry principles, the simplification of syntheses, the limitation of complex products preparation, the efficient utilization of resources but also the novel ways of waste valorization. A more systematic and generalized environmental and economic assessment from the lab-scale is also recommended. At last, chemists have to work even more collaboratively and in a multidisciplinary way, within chemistry and beyond.
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16
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Neha N, Islam MH, Baranton S, Coutanceau C, Pollet BG. Assessment of the beneficial combination of electrochemical and ultrasonic activation of compounds originating from biomass. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 63:104934. [PMID: 31945562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The electro-oxidation of organic molecules at the anode with simultaneous generation of hydrogen at the cathode in electrosynthesis reactors is considered as a promising and efficient process for the co-production of hydrogen and bio-sourced value-added chemicals. In this study and for the first time, we investigated the electro-oxidation of glucose and methylglucoside in 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH on polycrystalline Pt (real surface area = 14.5 ± 0.5 cm2, roughness ≈ 5) in the potential range [0; +1.20 V vs. rhe] under silent and ultrasonic (bath, 45 kHz, Pacous = 11.20 W) conditions. A series of linear sweep voltammograms, chronoamperograms and high-performance liquid chronoamperograms were generated. It was found that higher current densities were obtained under ultrasonic conditions over the potential range of +0.25 V to +1.10 V vs. rhe, indicating that higher oxidation rates were provided under ultrasonication. It was observed that the desorption of species from the Pt surface in the medium potential region was favoured, allowing free catalytic Pt sites for further adsorption and oxidation of reactants; and in the high potential region, high peak current densities in the presence of ultrasound was due to enhanced mass transport of the electroactive species from the bulk electrolyte to the Pt-polycrystalline electrode surface. HPLC studies confirmed that higher electrochemical activity was obtained in the presence of ultrasound than in the absence. In our conditions, it was also found that low frequency ultrasound did not change the selectivity of the glucose and methylglucoside electro-oxidation reactions but instead, a significant increase in the rate of conversion was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Neha
- Catalysis and Non-Conventional Medium Group, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - Md H Islam
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - S Baranton
- Catalysis and Non-Conventional Medium Group, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France
| | - C Coutanceau
- Catalysis and Non-Conventional Medium Group, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 Rue Michel Brunet, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France.
| | - B G Pollet
- Hydrogen Energy and Sonochemistry Research Group, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Zwingelstein M, Draye M, Besombes JL, Piot C, Chatel G. Viticultural wood waste as a source of polyphenols of interest: Opportunities and perspectives through conventional and emerging extraction methods. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:782-794. [PMID: 31812093 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Viticultural waste has been widely demonstrated to contain high-added value compounds named the stilbenes. Among them, trans-resveratrol (Rsv) and trans-ε-viniferin (Vf) are the most abundant in particular in grape canes. Various emerging methods such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) or pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) have been studied to recover Rsv and Vf from grape canes in order to enhance their extraction. This paper gives a critical overview of the techniques used to this end, integrating conventional and non-conventional methods investigated in the literature as well as those used in industrial processes. It finally highlights that the unconventional technics are usually less time-consuming than conventional extraction ones but further investigations for the discussed compounds and biomass are needed to optimize and understand the influence of the individual parameters of each extraction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Zwingelstein
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LCME, F-73000 Chambéry, France; Agence de l'Environnement et de Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), F-49004 Angers, France
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Chatel
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LCME, F-73000 Chambéry, France.
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18
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Tallarico S, Costanzo P, Bonacci S, Macario A, Di Gioia ML, Nardi M, Procopio A, Oliverio M. Combined Ultrasound/Microwave Chemocatalytic Method for Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Lactic Acid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18858. [PMID: 31827219 PMCID: PMC6906372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose is the main component of lignocellulosic biomass. Its direct chemocatalytic conversion into lactic acid (LA), a powerful biobased chemical platform, represents an important, and more easily scalable alternative to the fermentative way. In this paper, we present the selective hydrothermal conversion of cellulose and simple sugars into LA, under mild reaction conditions in presence of ErCl3 grafted on the mesoporous silica (MCM-41) surface. High yields and selectivity were obtained for the conversion of sugars under microwave (MW) irradiation at a relatively low temperature (200 °C) and short reaction times (10 min) under microwave (MW) irradiation. Ultrasounds (US) pre-treatment was investigated to reduce the cellulose crystallinity, before the MW-assisted conversion, providing LA with a yield of 64% within 90 min at 220 °C below the subcritical water conditions with increased operational safety. We finally discuss the scalability of the process and the recyclability of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Tallarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy
| | - Paola Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy
| | - Sonia Bonacci
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy
| | - Anastasia Macario
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università della Calabria, Cubo XXX, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Gioia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Monica Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy
| | - Antonio Procopio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy
| | - Manuela Oliverio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100, Germaneto (CZ), Italy.
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19
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Zhou R, Zhou R, Zhang X, Fang Z, Wang X, Speight R, Wang H, Doherty W, Cullen PJ, Ostrikov KK, Bazaka K. High-Performance Plasma-Enabled Biorefining of Microalgae to Value-Added Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4976-4985. [PMID: 31441585 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of renewable biomass by time- and energy-efficient techniques remains an important challenge. Herein, plasma catalytic liquefaction (PCL) is employed to achieve rapid liquefaction of microalgae under mild conditions. The choice of the catalyst affects both the liquefaction efficiency and the yield of products. The acid catalyst is more effective and gave a liquid yield of 73.95 wt % in 3 min, as opposed to 69.80 wt % obtained with the basic catalyst in 7 min. Analyses of the thus-formed products and the processing environment reveal that the enhanced PCL performance is linked to the rapid increase in temperature under the effect of plasma-induced electric fields and the generation of large quantities of reactive species. Moreover, the obtained solid residue can be simply upgraded to a carbon product suitable for supercapacitor applications. Therefore, the proposed strategy may provide a new avenue for fast and comprehensive utilization of biomass under benign conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Fang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Robert Speight
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - William Doherty
- Centre for Tropical Crops and Biocommodities, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Patrick J Cullen
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Kateryna Bazaka
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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20
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Bizzi CA, Santos D, Sieben TC, Motta GV, Mello PA, Flores EMM. Furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass by ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 51:332-339. [PMID: 30322766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Furanic platforms (e.g. furfural, furfuryl alcohol and hydroxymethylfurfural) can be obtained from biomass, being considered as a green alternative to petrochemical products such as fuels, and solvents. In this work, the use of ultrasound energy was investigated for the conversion of several lignocellulosic materials into furfural. The following parameters were evaluated: reaction time (30 to 120 min), ultrasound amplitude (20 to 70%) and feedstock amount (100 to 500 mg). The ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis (UAAH) process was applied to several lignocellulosic materials (sugar cane straw, rice husk, yerba-mate waste, grass and wood waste) aiming an investigation about the effects when working with real and complex feedstock. Better furfural yields (72.4 ± 4.3 mg g-1) were obtained from 0.1 g of grass, employing an ultrasound cup horn system operating at 20 kHz, 20 mL of 4 mol L-1 HNO3, at 30 °C, 50% amplitude, and 60 min of sonication. Under the same reaction conditions, the results were compared with those obtained at silent condition (mechanical stirring, 100 to 500 rpm), which demonstrate the ultrasound effects for furfural synthesis. Therefore, the proposed UAAH process can be considered as a suitable alternative for biomass conversion to furfural, because it does not need previous step of lignin removal and might be performed in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainara C Sieben
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo V Motta
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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21
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Khan A, Nair V, Colmenares JC, Gläser R. Lignin-Based Composite Materials for Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:20. [PMID: 29721856 PMCID: PMC5932104 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Depleting conventional fuel reserves has prompted the demand for the exploration of renewable resources. Biomass is a widely available renewable resource that can be valorized to produce fuels, chemicals, and materials. Among all the fractions of biomass, lignin has been underutilized. Due to its complex structure, recalcitrant nature, and heterogeneity, its valorization is relatively challenging. This review focuses on the utilization of lignin for the preparation of composite materials and their application in the field of photocatalysis and photovoltaics. Lignin can be used as a photocatalyst support for its potential application in photodegradation of contaminants. The interaction between the components in hybrid photocatalysts plays a significant role in determining the photocatalytic performance. The application of lignin as a photocatalyst support tends to control the size of the particles and allows uniform distribution of the particles that influence the characteristics of the photocatalyst. Lignin as a semiconductive polymer dopant for photoanodes in photovoltaic cells can improve the photoconversion efficiency of the cell. Recent success in the development of lignosulfonates dopant for hole transport materials in photovoltaics will pave the way for further research in lignin-based high-performance organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Vaishakh Nair
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juan Carlos Colmenares
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Roger Gläser
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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22
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Wang Z, Hou X, Sun J, Li M, Chen Z, Gao Z. Comparison of ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid and alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus for enhancing enzymatic saccharification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:145-150. [PMID: 29413915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two ultrasound-assisted pretreatment technologies, ultrasound-assisted alkaline and ultrasound-assisted aqueous ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium hydroxide ([TBA][OH]), are compared systematically in regard to enzymatic saccharification. Pretreated Eucalyptus samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, 13C cross polarization/magic-angle spinning solid state NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemistry composition analysis. These results not only explain the enzymatic saccharification difference between samples from the microstructure level, but also provide helpful information for relevant pretreatment research. Ultrasound-assisted [TBA][OH] pretreatment acquired a significant enhancement in the initial enzymatic rate of cellulose (79.39 mg/g/h), and a reducing sugar yield of 426.6 mg/g at 48 h. The pretreatment combining inexpensive aqueous ionic liquid and ultrasound may provide a promising strategy in the field of bio-refinery because of its unique advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Wang
- College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xianfeng Hou
- College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Zhongshan Collaborative Innovation Center of National Analytical Center of China, Zhongshan 528476, China
| | - Zhenzhong Gao
- College of Materials & Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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23
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Santos D, Silva UF, Duarte FA, Bizzi CA, Flores EMM, Mello PA. Ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of cellulose to chemical building blocks: Application to furfural synthesis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018. [PMID: 28622994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the use of ultrasound energy for the production of furanic platforms from cellulose was investigated and the synthesis of furfural was demonstrated. Several systems were evaluated, as ultrasound bath, cup horn and probe, in order to investigate microcrystalline cellulose conversion using simply a diluted acid solution and ultrasound. Several acid mixtures were evaluated for hydrolysis, as diluted solutions of HNO3, H2SO4, HCl and H2C2O4. The influence of the following parameters in the ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis (UAAH) were studied: sonication temperature (30 to 70°C) and ultrasound amplitude (30 to 70% for a cup horn system) for 4 to 8molL-1 HNO3 solutions. For each evaluated condition, the products were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ToF-MS), which provide accurate information regarding the products obtained from biomass conversion. The furfural structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, cellulosic residues from hydrolysis reaction were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which contributed for a better understanding of physical-chemical effects caused by ultrasound. After process optimization, a 4molL-1 HNO3 solution, sonicated for 60min at 30°C in a cup horn system at 50% of amplitude, lead to 78% of conversion to furfural. This mild temperature condition combined to the use of a diluted acid solution represents an important contribution for the selective production of chemical building blocks using ultrasound energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan F Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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24
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Subhedar PB, Ray P, Gogate PR. Intensification of delignification and subsequent hydrolysis for the fermentable sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass using ultrasonic irradiation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:140-150. [PMID: 28169125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work deals with intensification of delignification and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of sustainable biomass such as groundnut shells, coconut coir and pistachio shells using ultrasound assisted approach so as to develop an economical approach for obtaining bioethanol. Process intensification, in the current context, is referred to as any improvements giving enhanced rates possibly with lower energy and chemical as well as enzyme requirement for delignification and hydrolysis respectively. Conventional processing for both delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis has also been investigated for establishing the degree of intensification. The obtained results for delignification of biomass established that for conventional alkaline treatment, the extent of delignification for the case of groundnut shells, coconut coir and pistachio shells were 41.8, 45.9 and 38% which increased to 71.1, 89.5 and 78.9% respectively giving almost 80-100% increase for the ultrasound assisted approach. Under optimized conditions, the conventional approach resulted in reducing sugar yields as 10.2, 12.1 and 8.1g/L for groundnut shells, coconut coir and pistachio shells respectively whereas for the case of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, the obtained yields were 21.3, 23.9 and 18.4g/L in same order of biomass. The material samples were characterized by several characterization techniques for establishing the morphological changes obtained due to the use of ultrasound which were found to be favorable for enhanced delignification and hydrolysis for the ultrasound assisted approach. Overall, the results of this work establish the process intensification benefits due to the application of ultrasound for different sustainable biomass with mechanistic understanding based on the morphological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti B Subhedar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Pearl Ray
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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25
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Suzuki S, Shibata Y, Hirose D, Endo T, Ninomiya K, Kakuchi R, Takahashi K. Cellulose triacetate synthesis via one-pot organocatalytic transesterification and delignification of pretreated bagasse. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21768-21776. [PMID: 35541740 PMCID: PMC9080981 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03859g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose triacetate was synthesised by the transesterification reaction of mild acid-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with a stable acetylating reagent (isopropenyl acetate, IPA) in an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, EmimOAc) which enabled the dissolution of lignocellulose as well as the organocatalytic reaction. The homogeneous acetylation of pretreated sugar-cane bagasse was carried out under mild conditions (80 °C, 30 min), and the subsequent reprecipitation processes led to enriched cellulose triacetate with a high degree of substitution (DS; 2.98) and glucose purity (∼90%) along with production of lignin acetate. Cellulose triacetate was synthesised by the transesterification reaction of mild acid-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with a stable acetylating reagent in an ionic liquid, EmimOAc, which enabled the dissolution of lignocellulose as well as the organocatalytic reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Suzuki
- Faculty of Natural System
- Institute of Science and Engineering
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shibata
- Faculty of Natural System
- Institute of Science and Engineering
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirose
- Faculty of Natural System
- Institute of Science and Engineering
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Takatsugu Endo
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Doshisha University
- Kyoutanabe 610-0394
- Japan
| | - Kazuaki Ninomiya
- Institute for Frontier Science Initiative
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
| | - Ryohei Kakuchi
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Gunma University
- Kiryu 376-8515
- Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Faculty of Natural System
- Institute of Science and Engineering
- Kanazawa University
- Kanazawa 920-1192
- Japan
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Chatel G. How sonochemistry contributes to green chemistry? ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:117-122. [PMID: 28341331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Based on the analyses of papers from the literature, and especially those published in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry journal, the contribution of sonochemistry to green chemistry area has been discussed here. Important reminders and insights on the good practices and considerations have been made to understand and demonstrate how sonochemistry can continue to efficiently contribute to green chemistry area in the further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Chatel
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LCME, F-73000 Chambéry, France.
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Influence of ligand substitution on molybdenum catalysts with tridentate Schiff base ligands for the organic solvent-free oxidation of limonene using aqueous TBHP as oxidant. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Gogate PR. Intensification of chemical processing applications using ultrasonic and microwave irradiations. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Olivier-Bourbigou H, Chizallet C, Dumeignil F, Fongarland P, Geantet C, Granger P, Launay F, Löfberg A, Massiani P, Maugé F, Ouali A, Roger AC, Schuurman Y, Tanchoux N, Uzio D, Jérôme F, Duprez D, Pinel C. The Pivotal Role of Catalysis in France: Selected Examples of Recent Advances and Future Prospects. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Chizallet
- Catalysis and Separation Division; IFP Energies nouvelles; F-69360 Solaize France
| | - Franck Dumeignil
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Pascal Fongarland
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (LGPC); Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE, CNRS; F-69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Christophe Geantet
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS; F-69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Pascal Granger
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Franck Launay
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Axel Löfberg
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Univ. Artois; F-59000 Lille France
| | - Pascale Massiani
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS); Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS; F-75005 Paris France
| | - Françoise Maugé
- Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS); ENSICAEN, CNRS; F-14000 Caen France
| | - Armelle Ouali
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM); Université Montpellier, CNRS; F-34095 Montpellier France
| | - Anne-Cécile Roger
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES); Université de Strasbourg, CNRS; F-67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Yves Schuurman
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS; F-69626 Villeurbanne France
| | - Nathalie Tanchoux
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM); Université Montpellier, CNRS; F-34095 Montpellier France
| | - Denis Uzio
- Catalysis and Separation Division; IFP Energies nouvelles; F-69360 Solaize France
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP); Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, CNRS; F-86073 Poitiers France
| | - Daniel Duprez
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP); Université de Poitiers, ENSIP, CNRS; F-86073 Poitiers France
| | - Catherine Pinel
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS; F-69626 Villeurbanne France
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Chatel G, Valange S, Behling R, Colmenares JC. A Combined Approach using Sonochemistry and Photocatalysis: How to Apply Sonophotocatalysis for Biomass Conversion? ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Valange
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP); Université de Poitiers, CNRS, ENSIP, B1; 1 rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Ronan Behling
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP); Université de Poitiers, CNRS, ENSIP, B1; 1 rue Marcel Doré 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Juan Carlos Colmenares
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Kuna E, Behling R, Valange S, Chatel G, Colmenares JC. Sonocatalysis: A Potential Sustainable Pathway for the Valorization of Lignocellulosic Biomass and Derivatives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:41. [PMID: 28337669 PMCID: PMC5396383 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass represents a natural renewable chemical feedstock that can be used to produce high value-added chemicals and platform molecules. Nowadays, there are extensive studies on a variety of aspects concerning the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass into desirable products. Among the current technologies for biomass conversion some require extreme conditions along with high temperatures and pressures. Therefore, major technological innovations based on more economical and environmental methodologies are currently developed both in academic laboratories and in industry. In this context, ultrasound-assisted catalysis constitutes an alternative method offering new strategies to upgrade biomass. The possibility of combining catalysis with sonication indeed provides avenues that are worth exploring for the valorization of lignocellulosic compounds into value-added chemical feedstocks. In this mini-review, the available sonochemical systems are first presented, with a focus on the most important ultrasonic parameters, which is intended to provide a mechanistic background. Next, this contribution aims to provide insight into the most recent developments along with prominent examples in the field of sonocatalysis applied to the chemical transformation of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kuna
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ronan Behling
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, ENSIP, B1, 1 rue Marcel Doré, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Sabine Valange
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers, CNRS, ENSIP, B1, 1 rue Marcel Doré, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Gregory Chatel
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LCME, F-73000, Chambéry, France.
| | - Juan Carlos Colmenares
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Over the past 15 years, sustainable chemistry has emerged as a new paradigm in the development of chemistry. In the field of organic synthesis, green chemistry rhymes with relevant choice of starting materials, atom economy, methodologies that minimize the number of chemical steps, appropriate use of benign solvents and reagents, efficient strategies for product isolation and purification and energy minimization. In that context, unconventional methods, and especially ultrasound, can be a fine addition towards achieving these green requirements. Undoubtedly, sonochemistry is considered as being one of the most promising green chemical methods (Cravotto et al. Catal Commun 63: 2-9, 2015). This review is devoted to the most striking results obtained in green organic sonochemistry between 2006 and 2016. Furthermore, among catalytic transformations, oxidation reactions are the most polluting reactions in the chemical industry; thus, we have focused a part of our review on the very promising catalytic activity of ultrasound for oxidative purposes.
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Ultrasound in Combination with Ionic Liquids: Studied Applications and Perspectives. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:51. [PMID: 27573403 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction media, and sonochemistry (US) as activation method, represent separately unconventional approaches to reaction chemistry that, in many cases, generate improvements in yield, rate and selectivity compared to traditional chemistry, or even induce a change in the mechanisms or expected products. Recently, these two technologies have been combined in a range of different applications, demonstrating very significant and occasionally surprising synergetic effects. In this book chapter, the advantages and limitations of the IL/US combination in different chemical applications are critically reviewed in order to understand how, and in which respects, it could become an essential tool of sustainable chemistry in the future. Fundamental aspects and practical considerations of the combination are discussed to better control and demonstrate the brought synergetic effects.
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Rout PK, Nannaware AD, Prakash O, Kalra A, Rajasekharan R. Synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from cellulose using green processes: A promising biochemical and biofuel feedstock. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Silveira MHL, Morais ARC, da Costa Lopes AM, Olekszyszen DN, Bogel-Łukasik R, Andreaus J, Pereira Ramos L. Current Pretreatment Technologies for the Development of Cellulosic Ethanol and Biorefineries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3366-90. [PMID: 26365899 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials, such as forest, agriculture, and agroindustrial residues, are among the most important resources for biorefineries to provide fuels, chemicals, and materials in such a way to substitute for, at least in part, the role of petrochemistry in modern society. Most of these sustainable biorefinery products can be produced from plant polysaccharides (glucans, hemicelluloses, starch, and pectic materials) and lignin. In this scenario, cellulosic ethanol has been considered for decades as one of the most promising alternatives to mitigate fossil fuel dependence and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. However, a pretreatment method is required to overcome the physical and chemical barriers that exist in the lignin-carbohydrate composite and to render most, if not all, of the plant cell wall components easily available for conversion into valuable products, including the fuel ethanol. Hence, pretreatment is a key step for an economically viable biorefinery. Successful pretreatment method must lead to partial or total separation of the lignocellulosic components, increasing the accessibility of holocellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis with the least inhibitory compounds being released for subsequent steps of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Each pretreatment technology has a different specificity against both carbohydrates and lignin and may or may not be efficient for different types of biomasses. Furthermore, it is also desirable to develop pretreatment methods with chemicals that are greener and effluent streams that have a lower impact on the environment. This paper provides an overview of the most important pretreatment methods available, including those that are based on the use of green solvents (supercritical fluids and ionic liquids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira
- CEPESQ, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita C Morais
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Andre M da Costa Lopes
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Rafał Bogel-Łukasik
- Unit of Bioenergy, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, 1649-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Jürgen Andreaus
- Department of Chemistry, Regional University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, 89012 900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Pereira Ramos
- CEPESQ, Research Center in Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
- INCT Energy and Environment (INCT E&A), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná.
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36
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Chatel G, MacFarlane DR. Ionic liquids and ultrasound in combination: synergies and challenges. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:8132-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The advantages and the limits of the ionic liquid/ultrasound combination for different applications in chemistry are critically reviewed to understand how it could become an essential tool in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Chatel
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP, UMR7285)
- Université de Poitiers
- 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - D. R. MacFarlane
- ARC Centre for Electromaterials Science
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton, Australia
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