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Moura RS, Guimarães JT, Scudino H, Freitas MQ, Mársico ET, Esmerino EA, Sant'Anna C, Henrique Campelo Félix P, Pimentel TC, Paulino BN, Cauduro VH, Flores EMM, Ricardo H Lopes J, Cruz AG. Thermosonication as an effective substitution for fusion in Brazilian cheese spread (Requeijão Cremoso) manufacturing: The effect of ultrasonic power on technological properties. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 105:106867. [PMID: 38581799 PMCID: PMC11015516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In this initial study, the impact of thermosonication as an alternative to the traditional fusion in Brazilian cheese spread (Requeijão Cremoso) manufacture was investigated. The effect of ultrasound (US) power was evaluated considering various aspects such as gross composition, microstructure, texture, rheology, color, fatty acid composition, and volatile compounds. A 13 mm US probe operating at 20 kHz was used. The experiment involved different US power levels (200, 400, and 600 W) at 85 °C for 1 min, and results were compared to the conventional process in the same conditions (85 °C for 1 min, control treatment). The texture became softer as ultrasound power increased from 200 to 600 W, which was attributed to structural changes within the protein and lipid matrix. The color of the cheese spread also underwent noticeable changes for all US treatments, and treatment at 600 W resulted in increased lightness but reduced color intensity. Moreover, the fatty acid composition of the cheese spread showed variations with different US power, with samples treated at 600 W showing lower concentrations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, as well as lower atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes, indicating a potentially healthier product. Volatile compounds were also influenced by US, with less compounds being identified at higher powers, especially at 600 W. This could indicate possible degradation, which should be evaluated in further studies regarding US treatment effects on consumer perception. Hence, this initial work demonstrated that thermosonication might be interesting in the manufacture of Brazilian cheese spread, since it can be used to manipulate the texture, color and aroma of the product in order to improve its quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella S Moura
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hugo Scudino
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monica Q Freitas
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane T Mársico
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Sant'Anna
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana C Pimentel
- Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Paraná, Paranavaí, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno N Paulino
- Department of Bromatogical Analysis, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Vitoria H Cauduro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - José Ricardo H Lopes
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Cauduro VH, Alves CMAC, Nascimento MS, Druzian GT, Balbinot FP, Mesko MF, Flores EMM. Microwave-induced combustion for further determination of potentially toxic elements in honey by ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2859-2870. [PMID: 38459967 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Microwave-induced combustion (MIC) was proposed in this study for honey decomposition aiming for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Sample mass (up to 1.0 g), absorbing solution (0.5 to 14.4 mol L-1 HNO3, and H2O), heating program, and combustion aids were evaluated. The Eurachem guidelines were used for method validation. The proposed method enabled combustion of a high sample mass (0.8 g of honey, with 0.4 g of microcrystalline cellulose and 100 µL of 6 mol L-1 NH4NO3) using 6 mL of an absorbing solution consisting of 1 mol L-1 HNO3, which resulted in low residual carbon in solution (< 25 mg L-1). Honey samples from different geographical origins were analyzed. Results showed no significant difference in comparison to other two microwave decomposition methods, based on microwave-assisted wet digestion with single reaction chamber (MAWD-SRC) and microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD). Standard addition experiments resulted in recoveries higher than 98%. The limits of detection ranged from 1.10 (As) to 4.60 ng g-1 (Pb). In addition to using only diluted reagents and resulting in digests virtually free of interferences, the proposed method was faster (< 30 min) than most of those presented in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitoria H Cauduro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Camila M A C Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariele S Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Druzian
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Balbinot
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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Gohlke G, Cauduro VH, Frozi E, Rocha LF, Machado GR, Henn AS, Tao Y, Mesko MF, M M Flores E. Low cost sample preparation method using ultrasound for the determination of environmentally critical elements in seaweed. Ultrason Sonochem 2024; 103:106788. [PMID: 38309048 PMCID: PMC10848136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound (US) was evaluated for As, Cd, Pb, Mn, Sr and V extraction from seaweed samples. The following parameters of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using an US bath were: frequency (25 to 130 kHz), amplitude (30 to 100%), temperature (30 to 80 °C), sample mass (50 to 200 mg), extractant concentration (1 to 3 mol L-1 of HNO3) and treatment time (5 to 30 min). Acoustic density and power density distribution were calculated using the calorimetric method and mapping of the acoustic pressure distribution was also evaluated. The optimized UAE conditions were 200 mg of sample in 10 mL of 2 mol L-1 HNO3 and 30 min of sonication in a 25 kHz US bath (37.2 ± 4.0 W L-1) at 70% of amplitude and 70 °C. Analytes were quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and results were compared with values obtained using "silent" conditions (magnetic or mechanical stirring at 500 rpm, and without stirring), and a reference method based on microwave-assisted wet digestion (MAWD). The UAE method demonstrated the best extraction efficiency (higher than 95%) for all analytes, especially for As, Cd and V, with lower standard deviations (up to 5%) and lower blank values in comparison with the silent conditions. The proposed UAE method was more advantageous than the reference method, being faster, simpler, safer, more environmentally friendly, and with higher detectability (lower limits of quantification, from 0.0033 to 1.34 µg g-1). In addition, negligible blank values were obtained for UAE and no interference were observed in the determination step. Furthermore, the optimized UAE method was applied for Antarctic seaweed samples and comparison with results obtained by MAWD was satisfactory. In this sense, UAE is demonstrated to be a suitable option for sample preparation of seaweed samples and further determination of environmentally critical elements avoiding the use of concentrated reagents as in the MAWD reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gohlke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Vitoria H Cauduro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Emanuele Frozi
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Luana F Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R Machado
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S Henn
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria/RS 97105-900, Brazil.
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Crestani PC, Pereira TC, Larruscain ETF, Laureano CR, Flores EMM, Duarte FA. A simple, low cost and fast sample preparation method for fluorine determination by ISE in leguminous seeds and oilseeds. Food Chem 2023; 429:136916. [PMID: 37481982 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the first report of the application of microwave-induced combustion in disposable vessels (MIC-DV) as a simple and fast sample preparation step for fluoride determination by ion-selective electrode (ISE) in leguminous seeds and oilseeds samples. Several experimental conditions of MIC-DV were evaluated, such as sample mass, absorbing solution, volume of combustion igniter, purging time with oxygen, and the use of successive combustion cycles. The accuracy of MIC-DV/ISE method was evaluated by comparing the results obtained by microwave-induced combustion and determination by ion chromatography, with agreements ranged from 94 to 106%. The method allowed to achieve relatively low limits of quantification (8.3 to 16 µg g-1) comparing to AOAC method (40 µg g-1), besides the use of small amounts of reagents, less handling of digests, making the method greener and with portable features comparing to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola C Crestani
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliana T F Larruscain
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Conrado R Laureano
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pereira TC, Cruz AG, Guimarães JT, Cravotto G, Flores EMM. Ultrasonication for honey processing and preservation: A brief overview. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113579. [PMID: 37986447 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Honey is a food product consumed all over the world. Besides its nutritional properties, honey presents antibacterial, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. To ensure that the final product meets qualitative and microbiological standards, honey treatment is of great importance. Conventional honey treatment is based on the heating of honey samples for decrystallization and bacteria and yeast inactivation. However, conventional heating can cause negative effects on honey quality, such as the formation of toxic compounds, reduction of enzyme activity, and loss of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The application of ultrasonic waves has demonstrated interesting effects on honey processing. Ultrasound (US) treatment can lead to the fragmentation of glucose crystals in crystalized honey and has little effect on its properties. In addition to inactivating microorganisms, US-assisted honey processing also preserves phenolic compounds content and antimicrobial properties. However, there is still limited information about honey sonication. The aim of the present review is to comprehensively show the possibilities of US application in honey processing and its effects on honey properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Pereira
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departament of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Manickam S, Camilla Boffito D, Flores EMM, Leveque JM, Pflieger R, Pollet BG, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonics and sonochemistry: Editors' perspective. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 99:106540. [PMID: 37542752 PMCID: PMC10430610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic waves can induce physical and chemical changes in liquid media via acoustic cavitation. Various applications have benefitted from utilizing these effects, including but not limited to the synthesis of functional materials, emulsification, cleaning, and processing. Several books and review articles in the public domain cover both fundamental and applied aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. The Editors of the Ultrasonics Sonochemistry journal possess diverse expertise in this field, from theoretical and experimental aspects of acoustic cavitation to materials synthesis, environmental remediation, and sonoprocessing. This article provides Editors' perspectives on various aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry that may benefit students and early career researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Manickam
- University of Technology Brunei, Faculty of Engineering, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Leveque
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Department of Sciences and Mountain Training, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Rachel Pflieger
- Université Montpellier, Marcoule Institute in Separation Chemistry (ICSM), Marcoule, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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Mandlate JS, Henn AS, Mello PA, Flores EMM, Barin JS, Duarte FA. Determination of Cl and S in crude oil by ICP-OES after sample digestion by microwave-induced combustion in disposable vessels. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1273:341536. [PMID: 37423667 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A simple, fast and promising sample preparation method based on microwave-induced combustion in disposable vessels (MIC-DV) was developed for Cl and S determination in crude oil by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The MIC-DV consists of a new approach of conventional microwave-induced combustion (MIC). For the combustion, crude oil was pipetted on a disk of filter paper and placed on a quartz holder, followed by the addition of igniter solution (40 μL of 10 mol L-1 NH4NO3). The quartz holder was inserted into a commercial 50 mL disposable polypropylene vessel containing the absorbing solution, which was then inserted in an aluminium rotor. The combustion occurs under atmospheric pressure in a domestic microwave oven not compromising the operator's safety. The following parameters of combustion were evaluated: type, concentration and volume of absorbing solution, sample mass and the possibility of performing consecutive combustion cycles. Using MIC-DV, up to 10 mg of crude oil were efficiently digested, using 2.5 mL of ultrapure H2O as absorbing solution. Moreover, up to 5 consecutive combustion cycles were possible without analyte losses, reaching a total sample mass of 50 mg. The MIC-DV method was validated according to Eurachem Guide recommendations. Results obtained for Cl and S by MIC-DV were in agreement with those obtained using conventional MIC, as well as those obtained for S in a certified reference material of crude oil (NIST 2721). Analyte spike recovery experiments were performed and recoveries at three concentration levels ranged from 99 to 101% for Cl and from 95 to 97% for S, indicating a good accuracy. The limit of quantification achieved by ICP-OES after MIC-DV were 73 and 50 μg g-1 for Cl and S respectively, applying 5 consecutive combustion cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Mandlate
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, P.O. Box 252, Mozambique; Centro Regional de Excelência em Estudos de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Petróleo e Gás, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, P.O. Box 252, Mozambique
| | - Alessandra S Henn
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 85884-000, Medianeira, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano S Barin
- Grupo 3i, Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Silva FA, Rigui BR, Andriolli CR, Flores EMM, Mello PA, Picoloto RS. A miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction method for further Na, K, Ca, and Mg determination in crude oil by FAAS. Talanta 2023; 257:124297. [PMID: 36796173 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method for pre-concentration of Na, K, Ca, and Mg in crude oil was proposed. Analytes in crude oil were quantitatively extracted to the aqueous phase, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) determination. The following parameters were evaluated: type of extraction solution, sample mass, heating temperature and time, stirring time, centrifugation time, and the use of toluene and chemical demulsifier. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing the results obtained by the proposed method (LLE-FAAS) with those obtained after high-pressure microwave-assisted wet digestion and FAAS determination (reference values). No statistical difference was observed between the reference values and those using the optimized conditions for LLE-FAAS: 2.5 g of sample; 1000 μL of 2 mol L-1 HNO3, 50 mg L-1 of chemical demulsifier in 500 μL of toluene, 10 min of heating at 80 °C, 60 s of stirring, and 10 min of centrifugation. Relative standard deviations were lower than 6%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 1.2, 1.5, 5.0, and 0.50 μg g-1 for Na, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. The proposed miniaturized LLE method presents several advantages, such as ease-of-use, high throughput (up 10 samples can be processed per 1 h), uses a high sample mass reaching low LOQs. In addition, the use of a diluted solution for extraction reduces the amount of reagents (around 40 times) and consequently laboratory residue generation, becoming an environmental friendly method. Suitable LOQs were achieved for analyte determination at low concentration even using a simple and low-cost sample preparation system (miniaturized LLE method) and a relatively low-cost determination technique (FAAS), avoiding the use of microwave ovens and more sensitivity techniques, which are required for routine analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz R Rigui
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristian R Andriolli
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochele S Picoloto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Scudino H, Guimarães JT, Silva Moura R, Luis P A Ramos G, Pimentel TC, Cavalcanti RN, Sobral LA, Cristina Silva M, Mársico ET, Esmerino EA, Freitas MQ, Pereira TC, M M Flores E, Cruz AG. Thermosonication as a pretreatment of raw milk for Minas frescal cheese production. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 92:106260. [PMID: 36502682 PMCID: PMC9758565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Minas frescal cheese is extremely popular in Brazil, with high perishability and acceptability. Among emerging technologies, ultrasound stands out for its satisfactory results regarding microbiological safety and technological and sensory aspects. The combined mild temperature application, called thermosonication, can generate even more promising results. In this study, a high-intensity ultrasound system combined with thermal heating (TS, thermosonication) was applied for the treatment of raw milk to produce Minas Frescal cheese. US energy was delivered to raw milk samples using a probe operating at a 20 kHz of frequency and nominal power of 160, 400, and 640 W. The TS system was compared with conventional pasteurization (HTST, high-temperature short-time pasteurization) at 72 to 75 °C and 15 s. Soft cheeses were prepared with different samples: (a) raw milk (control), b)conventionally pasteurized milk (HTST), and c) TS treat milk in different nominal power (TS160, TS400, and TS640). The produced cheeses were evaluated for microbiological behavior, rheology, color parameters, and bioactive compounds. TS treatment in milk resulted in higher microbial inactivation and stability during storage, improved color parameters (higher lightness (L*), and whiteness index (WI). TS treatment also showed a higher generation of bioactive compounds (higher antioxidant, and inhibitory activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzymes) than HTST. The impact of TS on rheological properties was similar to HTST, resulting in more brittle and less firm products than the cheese produced with raw milk. The positive effects were more prominent using a nominal power of 400 W (TS400). Therefore, TS proved to be a promising process for processing milk for Minas Frescal cheese production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Scudino
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Departamento de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Silva Moura
- Departamento de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis P A Ramos
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil; Departamento de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Pimentel
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná, Paranavaí, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Cavalcanti
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Louise A Sobral
- Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Silva
- Departamento de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliane T Mársico
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Monica Q Freitas
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Departamento de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Pedrotti MF, Santos D, Cauduro VH, Bizzi CA, Flores EMM. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of chromium from tanned leather shavings: A promising continuous flow technology for the treatment of solid waste. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 89:106124. [PMID: 35988293 PMCID: PMC9418553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a continuous flow extraction system assisted by ultrasound (US) was developed for the extraction of Cr(III) from residual tanned leather shavings. US energy was delivered into the system by a tubular applicator (clamp-on tube US applicator). The effect of the US energy was investigated at 20 kHz of frequency and electrical input power of 75, 150, 300 and 600 W. Residence time and temperature profile were also evaluated. It was observed that the internal temperature profile was affected by the presence of US and inverted in comparison with the conditions without US. In this way, the temperature profile generated by the US was reproduced by using electrical resistances in order to compare the obtained results. The US intensity was measured using a hydrophone connected to a sound pressure meter. The use of the US did not alter the dynamic behavior of the system but increased the extraction efficiency when compared to the silent condition. US power above 75 W did not lead to increased extraction efficiency, when the residence time was 30 min. However, when 60 min of residence time were employed, the optimized US power was 150 W, resulting in an extraction efficiency of 71.7 ± 0.7 %, about 28 % higher when compared to the silent condition in the same temperature and other conditions. The US energy allowed a reduction in processing time and operational temperature when compared to the silent condition with the same temperature profile. The overall energy consumption with US was similar or lower than that observed without US, showing the feasibility of the proposed extraction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F Pedrotti
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Feliz, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vitoria H Cauduro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Hakke VS, Landge VK, Sonawane SH, Uday Bhaskar Babu G, Ashokkumar M, M M Flores E. The physical, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of starch nanoparticle (SNP)/polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite films synthesised by an ultrasound-assisted process. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 88:106069. [PMID: 35751937 PMCID: PMC9240861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis for the synthesis and evaluation of starch nanoparticles (SNP) as nanofillers to improve the physical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of polyurethane (PU) films. During the ultrasonic irradiation, dropwise addition of 0.25 mol L-1 H2SO4 was carried out to the starch dispersion for the preparation of SNPs. The synthesized SNPs were blended uniformly within the PU matrix using ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz, 220 W pulse mode). The temperature was kept constant during the synthesis (4 °C). The nanocomposite coating films were made with a regulated thickness using the casting method. The effect of SNP content (wt%) in nanocomposite coating films on various properties such as morphology, water vapour permeability (WVP), glass transition temperature (Tg), microbial barrier, and mechanical properties was studied. The addition of SNP to the PU matrix increased the roughness of the surface, and Tg by 7 °C, lowering WVP by 60% compared to the PU film without the addition of SNP. As the SNP concentration was increased, the opacity of the film increased. The reinforcement of the SNP in the PU matrix enhanced the microbial barrier of the film by 99.9%, with the optimal content of SNP being 5%. Improvement in the toughness and barrier properties was observed with an increase in the SNP content of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas S Hakke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana State, India
| | - Vividha K Landge
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana State, India
| | - Shirish H Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana State, India.
| | - G Uday Bhaskar Babu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, Telangana State, India
| | | | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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12
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Lino DL, Guimarães JT, Ramos GLPA, Sobral LA, Souto F, Neto RPC, Tavares MIB, Celso Sant'Anna, Esmerino EA, Mársico ET, Freitas MQ, Flores EMM, Raices RSL, Campelo PH, Pimentel TC, Cristina Silva M, Cruz AG. Positive effects of thermosonication in Jamun fruit dairy dessert processing. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 86:106040. [PMID: 35598515 PMCID: PMC9127685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of thermosonication processing (TS, 90 °C, ultrasound powers of 200, 400, and 600 W) on the quality parameters of Jamun fruit dairy dessert compared to conventional heating processing (high-temperature short time, (HTST), 90 °C/20 s) were evaluated. Microbiological inactivation and stability, rheological parameters, physical properties, volatile and fatty acid profiles, and bioactive compounds were assessed. TS provided more significant microbial inactivation (1 log CFU mL-1) and higher microbial stability during storage (21 days) than HTST, with 3, 2, and 2.8 log CFU mL-1 lower counts for yeasts and molds, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria, respectively. In addition, TS-treated samples showed higher anti-hypertensive (>39%), antioxidant (>33%), and anti-diabetic (>27%) activities, a higher concentration of phenolic compounds (>22%), preservation of anthocyanins, and better digestibility due to the smaller fat droplet size (observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy). Furthermore, lower TS powers (200 W) improved the fatty acid (higher monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, 52.78 and 132.24%) and volatile (higher number of terpenes, n = 5) profiles and decreased the atherogenic index. On the other hand, higher TS powers (600 W) maintained the rheological parameters of the control product and contributed more significantly to the functional properties of the products (antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic). In conclusion, TS proved to be efficient in treating Jamun fruit dairy dessert, opening space for new studies to define process parameters and expand TS application in other food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora L Lino
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Luis P A Ramos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Louise A Sobral
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Escola de Quimica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe Souto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Escola de Quimica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto P C Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano (IMA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês B Tavares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Macromoléculas Professora Eloisa Mano (IMA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Sant'Anna
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Normalização e Qualidade Industrial (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erick A Esmerino
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliane T Mársico
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mônica Q Freitas
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Departamento de Química., Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Renata S L Raices
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Campelo
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola e Solos, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Cristina Silva
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, RJ, Brazil.
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13
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Yusof NSM, Anandan S, Sivashanmugam P, Flores EMM, Ashokkumar M. A correlation between cavitation bubble temperature, sonoluminescence and interfacial chemistry - A minireview. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 85:105988. [PMID: 35344863 PMCID: PMC8960979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound induced cavitation (acoustic cavitation) process is found useful in various applications. Scientists from various disciplines have been exploring the fundamental aspects of acoustic cavitation processes over several decades. It is well documented that extreme localised temperature and pressure conditions are generated when a cavitation bubble collapses. Several experimental techniques have also been developed to estimate cavitation bubble temperatures. Depending upon specific experimental conditions, light emission from cavitation bubbles is observed, referred to as sonoluminescence. Sonoluminescence studies have been used to develop a fundamental understanding of cavitation processes in single and multibubble systems. This minireview aims to provide some highlights on the development of basic understandings of acoustic cavitation processes using cavitation bubble temperature, sonoluminescence and interfacial chemistry over the past 2-3 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India
| | - Palani Sivashanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Negris L, Santos HN, Picoloto RS, Alves FEA, Flores EMM, Santos MFP, Vicente MA. Ultrasound-assisted adsorption on porous ceramic for removal of iron in water. Environ Technol 2022; 43:1211-1224. [PMID: 32912073 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1822923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes the use of an ultrasound-assisted adsorption system coupled to porous ceramic fragments to improve the removal of iron from FeSO4 aqueous solution. Ultrasound was applied using an ultrasound bath at a low frequency (37 kHz, 330 W). The optimized conditions for Fe removal were achieved by 7 g of adsorbent, 40 min of sonication, 20 mg L-1 of initial Fe concentration, and 30 °C of reaction temperature. After optimizing the conditions, the method was applied for the removal of iron in groundwater. A central composite design and response surface methodology were used to evaluate the degree to which different variables had a significant effect on iron removal. The efficiency of iron removal using the selected conditions for FeSO4 solution was near to 100%. However, for groundwater samples, the maximum iron removal efficiencies of the system with and without ultrasound were 80.7% and 51.1%, respectively, indicating that the adsorption with ultrasound was significantly higher than that without ultrasound. It was shown that the proposed ultrasound-assisted adsorption system can be used to enhance the removal of inorganic iron from groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Negris
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Hélisson N Santos
- Setor de Caracterização Mineral, Centro de Tecnologia Mineral - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rochele S Picoloto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Felipe E A Alves
- Setor de Caracterização Mineral, Centro de Tecnologia Mineral - CETEM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria F P Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Maristela A Vicente
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
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15
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Bizzi CA, Pedrotti MF, Betiolo DM, Nascimento MS, Muller EI, Cravotto G, Flores EMM. Development of an eco-friendly sample preparation protocol for metal determination in food samples: an oxygen pressurized single reaction chamber using diluted nitric acid. Anal Methods 2021; 13:5555-5563. [PMID: 34779801 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have been recently made to improve the digestion efficiency by using powerful equipment or by using an auxiliary reagent. In this work, an alternative method is reported, which explores a digestion system based on a single reaction chamber (SRC) technology pressurized with O2 for reducing the amount of acid, without impairing the digestion efficiency. Before digestion, the system was pressurized with compressed air (20 bar, 20% O2) while the temperature was evaluated from 180 up to 270 °C. The procedure was also carried out under O2 pressure (20 bar). For each temperature several acid concentrations were evaluated (0.1 to 3 mol L-1 HNO3), being possible to correlate the effectiveness of each acid concentration with temperature. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous digestion of several organic matrices with variable content of fat, protein, and carbohydrate (whole milk powder, bovine liver, parsley, and linseed). The residual carbon content was lower than 4% (C lower than 200 mg L-1 in digests), showing the high digestion efficiency of the proposed approach. Up to 250 mg of all food matrices were digested using a sub-stoichiometric amount of HNO3 (1 mol L-1 solution), which was only achieved due to the use of O2 as an auxiliary reagent. Barium, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr, and Zn were determined by ICP-OES, and the accuracy was better than 95% for standard reference materials of corn bran, whole milk powder, and bovine liver. It is an important feature, being in agreement with green chemistry recommendations because very low amounts of reagents are required for sample digestion, as well as low amounts of residues are generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Matheus F Pedrotti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Diogo M Betiolo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Mariele S Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Edson I Muller
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Lins TS, Pisoler G, Druzian GT, Negris L, Decote PAP, Vicente MA, Flores EMM, Santos MFP. Base oil recovery from waste lubricant oil by polar solvent extraction intensified by ultrasound. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:66000-66011. [PMID: 34327639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a greener approach to the intensification of base oil recovery for truck engines (32,500 km of use) using ethanol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol as solvents for the extraction of base oil, combining mechanical stirring (220 rpm) and ultrasound (25 °C, 24 kHz, and 400 W). The results indicated that the recovery yields of the base oil, using the mechanical stirring and ultrasound (MS-US) system, for ethanol, propan-2-ol, 2-methylpropan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol were approximately 3.1, 25.6, 71.6, and 85.5%, respectively. By contrast, the recovery yields using only mechanical stirring were 8.8, 28.9, 58.9, and 76.1%, respectively. The system with pre-extraction could effectively remove Ca (85.3-93.0%), Mg (67.2-82.9%), Na (31.7-62.5%), and Zn (0.0-71.7%). Finally, the results showed a reduction of almost 100% for the concentrations of Al, Cr, Fe, and Mo in the pre-extraction system. The mechanical stirring (5 min) and ultrasound (5 min) system were able to intensify the extraction process using environmentally friendly solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas S Lins
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Gleiciane Pisoler
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Gabriel T Druzian
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima no. 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Luana Negris
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Paulo A P Decote
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Maristela A Vicente
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima no. 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Maria F P Santos
- Department of Natural Sciences, Center North of Espirito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Rod. Governador Mário Covas, Km 60, Litorâneo, São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil.
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Frohlich AC, Pereira LSF, Junges AF, Flores EMM, Paniz JNG, Duarte FA. Direct Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry — A Suitable Tool for the Determination of Metallic Contaminants in Pitch. BCSJ 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica C. Frohlich
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia S. F. Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Andrizia F. Junges
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M. M. Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose N. G. Paniz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Nascimento MS, Druzian GT, Picoloto RS, Mello PA, Flores EMM. Chlorine determination in medicinal plants by potentiometry with ion-selective electrode after microwave-induced combustion. Drug Anal Res 2021. [DOI: 10.22456/2527-2616.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A method based on microwave-induced combustion (MIC) was applied for medicinal plants digestion allowing further chlorine determination by potentiometry using ion-selective electrode (ISE). Sample masses ranging from 500 to 1000 mg were evaluated for MIC digestion. Water and 10, 25, 50, and 100 mmol/L NH4OH were investigated as absorbing solutions. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by using certified reference materials (CRMs), by recovery tests (500 µg/g), and also by comparison with the results obtained by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave-assisted alkaline extraction (MAE). Using water or NH4OH solutions (10 to 100 mmol/L), recoveries close to 100% and relative standard deviation lower than 5% were obtained. Results were in agreement with CRMs values (better than 95%) and also with those values obtained by using the MAE method. The main advantage of the proposed method was the complete combustion of high sample mass (1000 mg) resulting in low quantification limit (12.5 µg/g) and chlorine determination at low concentration by ISE. Another advantage of the proposed method was the high chlorine stability in digests (up to 30 days of storage) even using water as absorbing solution, which is in agreement with green analytical chemistry recommendations. Finally, the proposed MIC method was applied for commercial medicinal plants and the chlorine concentration was in the range of 59.4 ± 1.4 to 2038 ± 70 µg/g. The proposed MIC method was considered suitable for quality control for chlorine determination in medicinal plants.
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19
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Waechter SR, Vecchia PD, Barin JS, Flores EMM, Duarte FA. Microwave-based strategies for sample preparation and halogen determination in blood using ICP-MS. Talanta 2021; 226:122157. [PMID: 33676704 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two microwave-assisted sample preparation methods based on combustion and ultraviolet digestion for futher determination of Br, Cl, and I in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were proposed. For microwave-induced combustion (MIC), blood was spotted on square pieces of Munktell TFN paper, and water and diluted NH4OH were evaluated as absorbing solutions. The stability of the analytes in the spotted blood was also evaluated. During 90 days, no changes of halogen content were observed for samples (with and without anticoagulant) on paper stored in a desiccator at 20 ± 5 °C. Whole blood was also digested by microwave-assisted ultraviolet digestion (MAD-UV). Some parameters as the volume of HNO3 solution, the influence of H2O2, and the effect of UV radiation were investigated. The interferences caused by C and K on halogen determination were carefully investigated. The results for MIC and MAD-UV and Br, Cl and I determination by ICP-MS presented no difference. The accuracy of MIC and MAD-UV was also evaluated by analyte spike with reference solutions of Br, Cl and I using inorganic species and also organic I standard (T4-levothyroxine). For both methods, recoveries were 94 and 108% for Br, 96 and 103% for Cl, and 104 and 97% for I. In case of organic I, recoveries were 99 and 111% for MIC and MAD-UV, respectively. The limits of quantification for MIC and MAD-UV after ICP-MS determination were 0.06 and 0.04 μg g-1 for Br, 14 and 30 μg g-1 for Cl and 12 and 8 ng g-1 for I, respectively. The proposed methods provide a suitable digestion approach, assuring safety and high digestion efficiency for further halogen determination in blood, with the possibility to use in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Waechter
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dalla Vecchia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano S Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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20
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Flores EMM, Cravotto G, Bizzi CA, Santos D, Iop GD. Ultrasound-assisted biomass valorization to industrial interesting products: state-of-the-art, perspectives and challenges. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 72:105455. [PMID: 33444940 PMCID: PMC7808943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the application of ultrasound (US) energy for assisting the lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials conversion into value-added products has dramatically increased. In this sense, this review covers theoretical aspects, promising applications, challenges and perspectives about US and its use for biomass treatment. The combination of US energy with a suitable reaction time, temperature and solvent contributes to the destruction of recalcitrant lignin structure, allowing the products to be used in thermochemical and biological process. The main mechanisms related to US propagation and impact on the fragmentation of lignocellulosic materials, selectivity, and yield of conversion treatments are discussed. Moreover, the synergistic effects between US and alternative green solvents with the perspective of industrial applications are investigated. The present survey analysed the last ten years of literature, studying challenges and perspectives of US application in biorefinery. We were aiming to highlight value-added products and some new areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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21
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Santos D, Hagemann Cauduro V, Wohlmann W, Bizzi CA, Mello PA, Flores EMM. Ultrasound-assisted conversion of tannic acid to gallic acid as a strategy to obtain value-added products. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 72:105442. [PMID: 33388694 PMCID: PMC7803818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, ultrasound was applied for the conversion of tannic acid into gallic acid using only diluted H2O2 as reagent. Experiments were carried out using several types of ultrasonic horns operating at 20 kHz (VC750W processor). The following experimental conditions were evaluated: H2O2 concentration (0.2 to 8.5 mol L-1), horn type (10 to 25 mm of diameter), ultrasound amplitude (20 to 70%), sonication time (10 to 45 min), tannic acid concentration (170 to 1360 mg L-1), and reaction temperature (50 to 90 °C). Gallic acid production was monitored with ultra-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ToF-MS). The isolated gallic acid was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR). It is important to emphasize that this study was developed as a proof of concept to demonstrate the potential of ultrasound for tannic acid conversion into gallic acid using just diluted H2O2. Under selected conditions gallic acid production yield was 128 ± 4 mg g-1 of initial tannic acid (using 170 mg L-1 of tannic acid as starting material). Reaction time was set as 30 min, which was carried out using 1 mol L-1 H2O2 and ultrasound amplitude of 50% at 90 °C. At silent conditions (mechanical stirring, from 100 to 1000 rpm), gallic acid production was halved (less than 78 ± 4 mg g-1 of initial tannic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Wilian Wohlmann
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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22
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Santos D, Iop GD, Bizzi CA, Mello PA, Mesko MF, Balbinot FP, Flores EMM. A single step ultrasound-assisted nitrocellulose synthesis from microcrystalline cellulose. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 72:105453. [PMID: 33412386 PMCID: PMC7803929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrocellulose is a nitrated cellulose polymer with a broad application in industry. Depending on the nitrogen content, this polymer can be used for manufacturing explosives, varnishes, clothes, and films, being considered a product of high value-added. In this work, the use of ultrasound was investigated for the intensification of nitrocellulose synthesis from microcrystalline cellulose. The ultrasound-assisted nitrocellulose synthesis (UANS) was carried out using several ultrasound systems, such as baths and cup horns, allowing the evaluation of the frequency (from 20 to 130 kHz) and delivered power (from 23 to 134 W dm-3) to the reaction medium. The following parameters were evaluated: acid mixture (H2SO4, H3PO4, CH2O2 or CH3COOH with HNO3, 2 to 14.4 mol L-1), ultrasound amplitude (10 to 70%) and reaction time (5 to 50 min). Better nitrocellulose yield (nitrogen content of 12.5% was obtained from 1 g of microcrystalline cellulose employing a cup horn system operating at 20 kHz, 750 W of nominal power with 60% of amplitude, 25 mL of acid solution (13.6 mL of 18.4 mol L-1 H2SO4 + 9.2 mL of 14.4 mol L-1 HNO3 + 2.2 mL H2O), at 30 °C for 30 min. At silent conditions (mechanical stirring ranging from 100 to 500 rpm), the nitrogen content was lower than 11.8% which demonstrate the ultrasound effects for nitrocellulose synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Center of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Balbinot
- Center of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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23
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Osorio-Martinez J, Silva LFO, Flores EMM, Nascimento MS, Picoloto RS, Olivero-Verbel J. Environmental and human health risks associated with exposure to hazardous elements present in urban dust from Barranquilla, Colombian Caribbean. J Environ Qual 2021; 50:350-363. [PMID: 33480042 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban dust is a mixture of deposited particles from different sources usually linked to potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Despite the industrialization of many South American countries, little is known about the impact of particulate matter in large cities; these data are necessary to promote environmental policies aiming to protect human health. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the particle size distribution, composition, and environmental and human health risks of settled dust particles from Barranquilla, a Colombian Caribbean industrialized area. Trace elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry from 35 different sites, covering all city areas. Dust was mostly composed of 10-to-70-μm particles. The average concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Bi were above background. High spatial heterogeneity was observed for Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, and Bi. Concentration factors suggest that urban dusts are extremely contaminated by Zn and Cu. The ecological risk associated with specific elements decreased in the order Cd > Cu > As > Hg > Pb > Ni > Co ≈ Zn ≈ Cr, and the contamination load index showed that 91% of the samples are polluted by PTEs. Although the carcinogenic risks of Cr, Ni, As, Co, and Cd were low, chronic exposure to several PTEs may affect quality of life. Educational programs, as well as monitoring and greater control on traffic, industry, and construction activities are needed to protect environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Osorio-Martinez
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, Univ. of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Civil Engineering Dep., Univ. of La Costa, Street 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Chemistry Dep., Federal Univ. of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mariele S Nascimento
- Chemistry Dep., Federal Univ. of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rochele S Picoloto
- Chemistry Dep., Federal Univ. of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, Univ. of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130014, Colombia
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Silva LFO, Pinto D, Enders MSP, Hower JC, Flores EMM, Müller EI, Dotto GL. Portable dehumidifiers as an original matrix for the study of inhalable nanoparticles in school. Chemosphere 2021; 262:127295. [PMID: 32536422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Good air quality is documented as a significant factor of social justice. The human health hazards associated with air pollution are not distributed equally across cities; the most vulnerable people are more exposed to ambient air as they commute to work and wait for buses or trains at the stations. Aerosols play important roles in atmosphere quality and the climate; their oxidation at the nanoscale level may possibly increase the reactivity and toxicity of atmospheric particulates. Indoor school environments are characterized by high concentrations of different airborne particulate and gaseous pollutants. The documentation of nanoparticles (NPs), ultra-fine particles (UFPs), and micron-size particle species present in indoor primary schools are an important aspect in the recognition of their influence in respirational difficulties and decreased cognitive progress in children. This work utilizes the study of condensed water, sampled with portable dehumidifiers (PD), to describe NPs and UFPs in the vapor stage of enclosed zones. The acquired extracts were analyzed by advanced electron microscopy techniques. A total of 392 NPs and 251 UFPs were examined in a set of 22 samples acquired in moderately limited or inadequately ventilated indoor areas from several schools. Noting that NPs-related disorders happen at particular places of respirational structure, identification of site-specific NPs accumulation should be anticipated in direction to better verify the corresponding human health outcomes resulting from respirable NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Diana Pinto
- Department of Civil and Environmental. Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Michele S P Enders
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - James C Hower
- University of Kentucky, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA; University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY, 40511, USA
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson I Müller
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Chemistry Department, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000, Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Bitencourt GR, Mello PA, Flores EMM, Pirola C, Carnaroglio D, Bizzi CA. Determination of microplastic content in seafood: An integrated approach combined with the determination of elemental contaminants. Sci Total Environ 2020; 749:142301. [PMID: 33370910 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of microplastic (MP) content in seafood is proposed based on the selective digestion of seafood without the degradation of MP. A simple approach was developed using diluted acid with microwave-assisted wet digestion. The following parameters were evaluated: nitric acid concentration (0.5 to 14.4 mol L-1), digestion temperature (180 to 220 °C), irradiation program holding time (10 to 30 min), MP particle size (0.3 to 5 mm), and the seafood mass (0.5 to 2 g). To develop a reliable method for the determination of MP amount, up to 2 g of an in natura seafood sample were spiked with a known amount of MP (100 mg of mixed MP). Suitable conditions were obtained using 1 mol L-1 HNO3 at 200 °C (10 min holding time). Digests were filtered and the plastic content was gravimetrically determined. The heating program was 20 min, which represents a significant reduction in the time normally reported in the literature for MP analysis (from few hours up to 3 days). The proposed method allowed gravimetric determination of eight plastic types (polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, polypropylene, high and low density polyethylene, polycarbonate and polyvinyl chloride) with particle size ≥0.3 mm. Up to 2 g of an in natura seafood sample (shark species, acoupa weakfish, tuna fish, trahira, and pink shrimp) were efficiently digested, which opened the possibility of using the proposed digestion method for determining elemental contaminants (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Thus, as the main feature of the proposed digestion method is the possibility of determining MP and elemental contaminants using the same digestion protocol, saves time and reagents and provides accurate and precise information about different classes of marine pollutants (MP and elemental contaminants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Bitencourt
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.
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26
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Druzian GT, Nascimento MS, Cerqueira UMFM, Novaes CG, Bezerra MA, Duarte FA, Flores EMM. Determination of Cl, Br and I in granola: Development of an accurate analytical method using ICP-MS. Food Chem 2020; 344:128677. [PMID: 33261993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Microwave-induced combustion (MIC) system for further Cl, Br, and I determination in granola by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was proposed. A high sample mass of granola was pressed as pellets and inserted into the proposed MIC system. Water and NH4OH were evaluated as absorbing solutions. The accuracy was estimated by the analysis of two certified reference materials and also by spike recoveries. Using the optimized conditions (zirconium ball milling, 1 g of granola and 6 mL of 50 mmol L-1NH4OH), the agreement with the certified values ranged from 94 to 98% and recoveries higher than 95% were obtained. Low carbon concentration in digests (<25 mg L-1) was achieved, minimizing interferences by ICP-MS. Blanks were negligible and only diluted solutions were required. The concentration in samples ranged from 322 to 896, 0.618 to 0.980 and < 0.002 to 0.181 µg g-1 for Cl, Br and I, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T Druzian
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele S Nascimento
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Uillian M F M Cerqueira
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45208-409 Jequié, BA, Brazil; Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Cleber G Novaes
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45208-409 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, 45208-409 Jequié, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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27
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Silva JS, Diehl LO, Picoloto RS, Flores EMM, Mesko MF, Barin JS, Duarte FA. A solid sampling approach for direct determination of Cl and S in flour by an elemental analyzer. Food Chem 2020; 344:128671. [PMID: 33261997 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct analysis of flour was proposed for the determination of Cl and S by an elemental analyzer for the first time. The main operational conditions of the direct solid sampling elemental analysis (DSS-EA) were optimized and calibrated by standard solutions, rather than by certified reference material (CRM). Accuracy was evaluated by the analysis of CRM of rice flour and by comparison with analyte determination by independent techniques, i.e., ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; both were carried out after microwave-induced combustion. Sample mass from 0.5 to 260 mg was used and limits of quantification of 1.2 µg g-1 for Cl and 0.2 µg g-1 for S were achieved. Wheat, whole wheat, potato and corn flour were analyzed by DSS-EA. Concentrations of Cl and S ranged from 4.8 to 685 µg g-1 and from 13 to 1328 µg g-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussiane S Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisarb O Diehl
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochele S Picoloto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano S Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pardinho RB, Vecchia PD, Alves CMAC, Pimentel N, Gazzana D, Bolzan RC, Duarte FA, Bisognin DA, Flores EMM. Ilex Paraguariensis exposition to As and Cd in a closed soilless system. Chemosphere 2020; 258:127284. [PMID: 32563913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exposition of mate (Ilex Paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) to As and Cd was investigated in plants derived from young mini-cuttings. Mate plants were cultivated in a closed soilless system, composed of coarse sand as substrate and flood fertirrigation. Plantlets were fertirrigated with nutritive solution and As and Cd solutions were added to the nutritive solution in the final concentration of 8 and 17 mg L-1 (As) and of 17 and 33 mg L-1 (Cd) during 14 days. Results show that stem diameter and Dickson quality index (DQI) variables could not be used as a potential indicator of accumulation of As and Cd. The shoot height, number of leaves and chlorophyll index are variables easy and quick to measure and they can be used as parameters to evaluate the stress caused in mate plants cultivation in a closed soilless system. The highest concentration of As and Cd was in roots of plants. Beyond the roots, As and Cd also can be translocated to the leaves achieving high concentrations. In addition, leaves from the treated mate plants were submitted to a hot infusion extraction in order to simulate the traditional beverage and As and Cd were determined in the infusion. Regarding to the infusion procedure, considerable As and Cd amounts were extracted from the leaves leading to conclude that this way of consumption can be an important source of toxic elements for the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B Pardinho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dalla Vecchia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila M A C Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Pimentel
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Gazzana
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Bolzan
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Dilson A Bisognin
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Gatiboni TL, Iop GD, Diehl LO, Flores EMM, Muller EI, Mello PA. An ultrasound-assisted sample preparation method of carbonatite rock for determination of rare earth elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8732. [PMID: 31960513 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A method for the determination of rare earth elements in carbonatite rocks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed. METHODS An alkaline rock, carbonatite, was submitted to ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) using an ultrasound bath, a cup horn system or an ultrasound probe. The main USAE parameters were evaluated, such as extraction time (1 to 30 min), extraction temperature (20 to 100°C) and ultrasound amplitude (10 to 100%). For ICP-MS, a desolvation system (APEX-Q) was used to reduce interference in lanthanide determination. To evaluate if the effect of ultrasound improved extraction, experiments were carried out using magnetic stirring (500 rpm) for comparison. RESULTS The temperature and ultrasound amplitude optimized for the method were 70°C and 40%, respectively, using dilute nitric acid (3% v/v). Quantitative analyte recoveries were obtained using an ultrasound bath (25 kHz/100 W) which allowed for the simultaneous extraction of twelve replicates. CONCLUSIONS All the results obtained with the use of ultrasound systems were better than those obtained with mechanical stirring. The extracts were suitable for ICP-MS analysis and the results were in agreement with those obtained by the reference method (using wet acid digestion). Based on the results, the use of USAE can be considered an alternative method for sample preparation of carbonatite rocks, under milder conditions, for further ICP-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais L Gatiboni
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisarb O Diehl
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson I Muller
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Flores EMM, Mello PA, Krzyzaniak SR, Cauduro VH, Picoloto RS. Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8727. [PMID: 31950534 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In this review, works published in the past 25 years for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in several matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were covered. Usually, the determination of halogens has been performed by ICP-MS using a previous sample preparation step or, more recently, by direct analysis of solid or liquid samples. METHODS Methods based on combustion, extraction, pyrohydrolysis, sample dilution in organic or aqueous medium, and wet digestion, among others, are discussed. Moreover, the recent applications of methods based on laser ablation (LA) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled to ICP-MS are discussed. RESULTS The main challenge for methods using sample preparation has been to obtain a final solution compatible with ICP-MS, as well as to overcome problems related to analyte losses and contamination. Interferences due to the presence of dissolved organic compounds in solution, enhancement or suppression of ionization of analytes, and related matrix effects have been of concern when using ICP-MS. For the determination of halogens by ICP-MS using LA and ETV systems, some limitations related to the difficulty of calibration are pointed out, impairing the widespread use of this approach. CONCLUSIONS A critical view is presented for further halogen determination by ICP-MS, mainly for matrices considered difficult to digest using conventional protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sindy R Krzyzaniak
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitoria H Cauduro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rochele S Picoloto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Ronchi RP, Negris L, Melo BN, Pereira LSF, Vicente MA, Flores EMM, Santos MDFP. Removal of oil from synthetic heavy crude oil-in-water emulsions by the association of glass raschig rings and ultrasound. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1813155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Peterle Ronchi
- LaPAQui Laboratory, Department of Natural Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Luana Negris
- LaPAQui Laboratory, Department of Natural Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Breno Nonato Melo
- LaPAQui Laboratory, Department of Natural Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Maristela A. Vicente
- LaPAQui Laboratory, Department of Natural Science, Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Erico M. M. Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Mesko MF, Costa VC, Silva JS, Scaglioni PT, Frohlich AC, Duarte FA, Flores EMM. A Novel Method for Chlorine and Sulfur Determination in Gluten-Free and Gluten-Containing Edible Flours from Different Raw Materials and Countries. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bizzi CA, Zanatta RC, Santos D, Giacobe K, Dallago RM, Mello PA, Flores EMM. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of chromium from residual tanned leather: An innovative strategy for the reuse of waste in tanning industry. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 64:104682. [PMID: 31992488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The tannery industry generates huge amount of waste with high Cr concentration, being classified as a dangerous waste. The development of alternative treatments for these residues aiming environmental friendly protocols are important topics of research. In this work, the use of ultrasound (US) energy for Cr removal from residual tanned leather was investigated. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) experiments were carried out in several systems as ultrasonic baths, cup horns, and probes, allowing to evaluate several frequencies (20-130 kHz) and power delivered to the extraction system. The following experimental conditions were evaluated: extraction solution (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, CH2O2 and C2H2O4), temperature (10-90 °C), time (1-40 min), US amplitude (10-90%), feedstock amount (50-450 mg), and concentration of extraction solution (0.1-4 mol L-1). A multivariate factorial design with 10 axial points and 3 central points was applied. After UAE optimization an efficiency of 92% was achieved for Cr removal using 150 mg of feedstock, 3 mol L-1 HNO3, at 30 °C, 90% of amplitude, and 30 min. The same efficiency was not observed using mechanical stirring (100-500 rpm), which was lower than 65%. To prove the applicability of the proposed process some experiments for scaling up were performed using several reactor loads (1-9 L). Moreover, using the proposed UAE process Cr was efficiently removed at lower reaction time and at room temperature only by using US and diluted acid solution, representing energy and reagents saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Raquel C Zanatta
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Giacobe
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogerio M Dallago
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Baldissera MD, Souza CF, da Silva AS, Henn AS, Flores EMM, Baldisserotto B. Diphenyl diselenide dietary supplementation alleviates behavior impairment and brain damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exposed to methylmercury chloride. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 229:108674. [PMID: 31760078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) induces neurobehavioral disorders through reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and impairment of brain key enzyme activities. Nevertheless, the therapeutic and toxic selenium concentrations for fish are very close; diphenyl diselenide (Ph2Se2), an organoselenium compound with neuroprotective effects, may be an alternative to elemental Se. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with Ph2Se2 prevented or reduced the neurobehavioral alterations and oxidative damage elicited by CH3HgCl in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish exposed to CH3HgCl exhibited significantly reduced distance travelled and swimming speed compared to the control group, as well as augmented cortisol and ROS levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activities. CH3HgCl exposure significantly increased lipid peroxidation (LOOH) and protein carbonylation (PC) levels compared to those of the control group, while acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and sodium-potassium pump (Na+, K+-ATPase) activities were inhibited. Dietary supplementation with 3 mg/kg Ph2Se2 ameliorated locomotor activity impairment and prevented the augmented brain cortisol and ROS levels as well as XO activity. The supplement reduced lipid and protein damage elicited by CH3HgCl and exerted protective effects on brain AChE and Na+, K+-ATPase activities. Exposure to an environmental concentration of CH3HgCl elicited neurobehavioral alterations linked to reduced locomotor activity, a finding that can be explained by oxidative damage and reduced activity of AChE and Na+, K+-ATPase in telencephalon and mesencephalon structures. Dietary supplementation with Ph2Se2 prevented CH3HgCl-induced locomotor impairment. This effect appeared to be mediated by antioxidant action. Ph2Se2 may be a viable approach to prevention or reduction CH3HgCl-mediated neurotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S Henn
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Alessio KO, Voss M, Flores EMM, Costa AB, Duarte FA, Barin JS. Infrared thermal imaging combined with paper microzone plates and natural reagent extracts for simple, fast, and green enthalpimetric analysis. Talanta 2019; 204:266-271. [PMID: 31357292 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Paper microzone plates and thermal infrared enthalpimetry (TIE) were combined with potato juice as natural reagent extract to perform the determination of hydrogen peroxide in pharmaceutical, bleaching, and toiletry products. A multichannel pipette was used for reagent addition simultaneously in multiple zones of paper devices, and the temperature rise was determined using an infrared camera. In order to provide suitable measurements, some parameters were optimized such as pH, volume of reagents, and stability of the extract. Results for the hydrogen peroxide were compared with those obtained using methods from official compendia (United States Pharmacopeia and ASTM D2180-17), with agreements ranging from 96 to 103%. The green analytical procedure index was used to compare the greenness of the proposed method with official ones, with clear advantages for TIE. Only microliters of samples and natural reagent extracts were required for analysis, and it was found that waste generation could be greatly reduced. After analysis, the paper device could be directly disposed since the final products of the reaction were O2 and water. According to these features, the proposed method could be considered a promising alternative to routine analysis in agreement with green analytical chemistry principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiti O Alessio
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Monica Voss
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adilson B Costa
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Quimiometria - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas e Processos Industriais, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul, 96815-900, Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano S Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Negris L, Simonassi P, Saidler LA, Vicente MA, Flores EMM, Santos MFP. Evaluation of models for predicting relative viscosity of ultrasound-assisted synthetic water-in-oil emulsions of Brazilian crude oil. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1664910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Negris
- Laboratório LaPAQui, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) , São Mateus , Brazil
| | - Petterson Simonassi
- Laboratório LaPAQui, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) , São Mateus , Brazil
| | - Luila A. Saidler
- Laboratório LaPAQui, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) , São Mateus , Brazil
| | - Maristela A. Vicente
- Laboratório LaPAQui, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) , São Mateus , Brazil
| | - Erico M. M. Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria F. P. Santos
- Laboratório LaPAQui, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) , São Mateus , Brazil
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Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Descovi SN, Diniz SLP, Henn AS, Flores EMM, da Silva AS, Baldisserotto B. Diphenyl diselenide dietary supplementation protects against methylmercury-chloride-induced immunotoxicity in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) via regulation of purinergic signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 222:59-64. [PMID: 31028929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with diphenyl diselenide (Ph2Se2) would prevent the impaired immune and inflammatory responses elicited by methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl) via protective effects on purinergic signaling in fish immune organs. Tissue and lymphocytic nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) activity for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was downregulated in the head kidney and spleen of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exposed to CH3HgCl. Concomitantly, adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was upregulated. Further, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome gene expression was upregulated in the spleen and head kidney of CH3HgCl-exposed grass carp. Dietary supplementation with Ph2Se2 ameliorated these CH3HgCl-mediated alterations on purinergic enzymes, and their activities returned to baseline levels (except NTPDase activity for ADP). Based on these results, purinergic signaling in immune organs and lymphocytes can be considered a pathway linked to pro-inflammatory effects during exposure to environmental CH3HgCl concentrations, which may contribute to mortality of the affected fish. Since dietary supplementation with 3 mg Ph2Se2/kg in the feed prevented the CH3HgCl-induced alterations, it can be considered a potential suitable treatment to prevent impaired immune and inflammatory responses caused by Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine F Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Sharine N Descovi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Lucas P Diniz
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus II, PB, Brazil
| | - Alessandra S Henn
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Chapecó, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Bizzi CA, Santos D, Sieben TC, Motta GV, Mello PA, Flores EMM. Furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass by ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 51:332-339. [PMID: 30322766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Furanic platforms (e.g. furfural, furfuryl alcohol and hydroxymethylfurfural) can be obtained from biomass, being considered as a green alternative to petrochemical products such as fuels, and solvents. In this work, the use of ultrasound energy was investigated for the conversion of several lignocellulosic materials into furfural. The following parameters were evaluated: reaction time (30 to 120 min), ultrasound amplitude (20 to 70%) and feedstock amount (100 to 500 mg). The ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis (UAAH) process was applied to several lignocellulosic materials (sugar cane straw, rice husk, yerba-mate waste, grass and wood waste) aiming an investigation about the effects when working with real and complex feedstock. Better furfural yields (72.4 ± 4.3 mg g-1) were obtained from 0.1 g of grass, employing an ultrasound cup horn system operating at 20 kHz, 20 mL of 4 mol L-1 HNO3, at 30 °C, 50% amplitude, and 60 min of sonication. Under the same reaction conditions, the results were compared with those obtained at silent condition (mechanical stirring, 100 to 500 rpm), which demonstrate the ultrasound effects for furfural synthesis. Therefore, the proposed UAAH process can be considered as a suitable alternative for biomass conversion to furfural, because it does not need previous step of lignin removal and might be performed in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainara C Sieben
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo V Motta
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Krzyzaniak SR, Iop GD, Holkem AP, Flores EMM, Mello PA. Determination of inorganic contaminants in carbon nanotubes by plasma-based techniques: Overcoming the limitations of sample preparation. Talanta 2019; 192:255-262. [PMID: 30348387 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, sample preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for further determination of inorganic contaminants was investigated using a microwave-assisted wet digestion single reaction chamber system (MAWD-SRC). Analytes (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, La, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in CNTs by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, except for Al, Ca, Fe and Mg). Method parameters were evaluated, as the mass of CNT (25-300 mg), the temperature (220-270 °C) and the time (35-75 min) of irradiation program. The accuracy was evaluated by using a certified reference material (CRM) of CNT and also by comparison of the results with those obtained using neutron activation analysis (NAA) and high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with direct solid sampling (DSS-HR-CS-GF AAS). Quantitative recoveries for all elements were obtained using 275 mg of CNTs, 6 mL of 14.4 mol L-1 HNO3 and 0.5 mL of 30% H2O2 with an irradiation program of 65 min (35 min at 270 °C). No statistical difference was observed between the results obtained after the decomposition of CNTs by MAWD-SRC with those obtained by NAA and DSS-HR-CS-GF AAS. No difference was also observed for the results using the proposed method and the values for the CRM of CNT. The use of MAWD-SRC showed good performance for CNTs digestion using relatively high sample mass (up to 275 mg), contributing to low limits of quantification (LOQs) and overcoming the current limitations of sample preparation. To the best knowledge of the authors, this work reports the highest sample mass feasible to be decomposed using wet digestion for CNTs among the methods proposed in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy R Krzyzaniak
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alice P Holkem
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.
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Bizzi CA, Cruz SM, Schmidt L, Burrow RA, Barin JS, Paniz JNG, Flores EMM. Maxwell–Wagner Effect Applied to Microwave-Induced Self-Ignition: A Novel Approach for Carbon-Based Materials. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4363-4369. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cezar A. Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Schmidt
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Robert A. Burrow
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano S. Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jose N. G. Paniz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erico M. M. Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica-INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santos D, Silva UF, Duarte FA, Bizzi CA, Flores EMM, Mello PA. Ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of cellulose to chemical building blocks: Application to furfural synthesis. Ultrason Sonochem 2018. [PMID: 28622994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the use of ultrasound energy for the production of furanic platforms from cellulose was investigated and the synthesis of furfural was demonstrated. Several systems were evaluated, as ultrasound bath, cup horn and probe, in order to investigate microcrystalline cellulose conversion using simply a diluted acid solution and ultrasound. Several acid mixtures were evaluated for hydrolysis, as diluted solutions of HNO3, H2SO4, HCl and H2C2O4. The influence of the following parameters in the ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis (UAAH) were studied: sonication temperature (30 to 70°C) and ultrasound amplitude (30 to 70% for a cup horn system) for 4 to 8molL-1 HNO3 solutions. For each evaluated condition, the products were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ToF-MS), which provide accurate information regarding the products obtained from biomass conversion. The furfural structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, cellulosic residues from hydrolysis reaction were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which contributed for a better understanding of physical-chemical effects caused by ultrasound. After process optimization, a 4molL-1 HNO3 solution, sonicated for 60min at 30°C in a cup horn system at 50% of amplitude, lead to 78% of conversion to furfural. This mild temperature condition combined to the use of a diluted acid solution represents an important contribution for the selective production of chemical building blocks using ultrasound energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ubiratan F Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pedrotti MF, Enders MSP, Pereira LSF, Mesko MF, Flores EMM, Bizzi CA. Intensification of ultrasonic-assisted crude oil demulsification based on acoustic field distribution data. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 40:53-59. [PMID: 28433504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water removal is an essential step during crude oil production due to several problems such as increased transportation costs and high corrosion rate due to dissolved salts. Indirect low frequency ultrasonic energy (US), using baths, has been recently proposed as an effective alternative for crude oil demulsification. However, the reactor position during sonication and its influence on the demulsification efficiency for crude oil has not been evaluated. In this sense, the aim of this study was to develop an automated system based on an open source hardware for mapping the acoustic field distribution in an US bath operating at 35kHz using a hydrophone. Data acquired with this system provided information to evaluate the demulsification efficiency in the different positions of the US bath and correlate it with the acoustic intensity distribution. The automated 3D-mapping system revealed a higher acoustic intensity in the regions immediately above the transducers (ca. 0.6Wcm-2), while the other regions presented a relatively lower intensity (ca. 0.1Wcm-2). Experimental data demonstrated that reactors positioned in the most intense acoustic regions provided a much higher efficiency of demulsification in comparison with the ones positioned in the less intense acoustic field regions. Demulsification efficiency up to 93% was obtained with 15min of sonication (100% amplitude) using few amount of chemical demulsifier. Hence, this work demonstrated that the information acquired with the developed mapping system could be used for inducing a higher efficiency of demulsification only by finding the more suitable position of reactor in the US bath, which certainly will help development of appropriate reactors design when looking for such approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F Pedrotti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele S P Enders
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia S F Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia F Mesko
- Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96160-000 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Diehl LO, Gatiboni TL, Mello PA, Muller EI, Duarte FA, Flores EMM. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of rare-earth elements from carbonatite rocks. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 40:24-29. [PMID: 28434880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In view of the increasing demand for rare-earth elements (REE) in many areas of high technology, alternative methods for the extraction of these elements have been developed. In this work, a process based on the use of ultrasound for the extraction of REE from carbonatite (an igneous rock) is proposed to avoid the use of concentrated reagents, high temperature and excessive extraction time. In this pioneer work for REE extraction from carbonatite rocks in a preliminary investigation, ultrasonic baths, cup horn systems or ultrasound probes operating at different frequencies and power were evaluated. In addition, the power released to the extraction medium and the ultrasound amplitude were also investigated and the temperature and carbonatite mass/volume of extraction solution ratio were optimized to 70°C and 20mg/mL, respectively. Better extraction efficiencies (82%) were obtained employing an ultrasound probe operating at 20kHz for 15min, ultrasound amplitude of 40% (692Wdm-3) and using a diluted extraction solution (3% v/v HNO3+2% v/v HCl). It is important to mention that high extraction efficiency was obtained even using a diluted acid mixture and relatively low temperature in comparison to conventional extraction methods for REE. A comparison of results with those obtained by mechanical stirring (500rpm) using the same conditions (time, temperature and extraction solution) was carried out, showing that the use of ultrasound increased the extraction efficiency up to 35%. Therefore, the proposed ultrasound-assisted procedure can be considered as a suitable alternative for high efficiency extraction of REE from carbonatite rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisarb O Diehl
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Thais L Gatiboni
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Edson I Muller
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Pedrotti MF, Pereira LSF, Bizzi CA, Paniz JNG, Barin JS, Flores EMM. Microwave-induced combustion: Thermal and morphological aspects for understanding the mechanism of ignition process for analytical applications. Talanta 2017; 174:64-71. [PMID: 28738635 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, for the first time a systematic study was performed using an infrared camera and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) to evaluate the mechanisms involved in microwave-induced combustion method, which has been extensively used for sample preparation. Cellulose and glass fiber discs, wetted with the igniter solution (6molL-1 NH4NO3), were evaluated under microwave field in a monomode system. The temperature of the discs surface was recorded during microwave irradiation and the effect of NH4NO3 concentration and irradiation time on cellulose oxidation was evaluated. The morphology of the discs surface was characterized by SEM before and after irradiation in an inert atmosphere. According to the results, the surface temperature of the discs increased near to 100°C and remained in this temperature for few seconds while water evaporate. After that, temperature increased over 200°C due to the thermal decomposition of NH4NO3 salt, releasing a large amount of energy that accelerates cellulose oxidation. The higher the igniter concentration, the shorter was the microwave irradiation time for cellulose oxidation. The SEM images revealed that cellulose disc was more porous after microwave irradiation, enhancing oxygen diffusion within the paper and making easier its ignition. The EDS spectrum of cellulose and glass fiber discs showed that signal intensity for nitrogen decreased after microwave irradiation, showing that NH4NO3 was consumed during this process. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the ignition process is the result of synergic interaction of NH4NO3 thermal decomposition and organic matter oxidation (cellulose) releasing heat and feeding the chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F Pedrotti
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leticia S F Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose N G Paniz
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano S Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Albers CN, Jacobsen OS, Flores EMM, Johnsen AR. Arctic and Subarctic Natural Soils Emit Chloroform and Brominated Analogues by Alkaline Hydrolysis of Trihaloacetyl Compounds. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:6131-6138. [PMID: 28482658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been increasing recognition of the occurrence of natural, halogenated organic compounds in marine and terrestrial environments. Chloroform is an example of a halogenated organic compound with natural formation as its primary source. Chloroform emission from soil has been reported from diverse Arctic, temperate, and (sub)tropical ecosystems. The terrestrial environment is a significant source to the atmosphere, but little is known about the formation pathway of chloroform in soil. Here, we present evidence that chloroform is formed through the hydrolysis of trichloroacetyl compounds in natural, organic-rich soils. In situ emissions of chloroform from soil in nine Arctic and subarctic ecosystems were linked to soil trichloroacetyl turnover. The residence time from formation of the trichloroacetyl compounds in soil to the release of chloroform to the atmosphere varied between 1 and 116 active months in unfrozen topsoil, depending on soil pH. Nonspecific halogenation that leads to trihaloacetyl formation does not discriminate between chloride and bromide, and brominated analogues were formed alongside chloroform. Soil may therefore be a previously unrecognized, natural source of brominated haloforms. The formation pathway of haloforms through trihaloacetyl compounds can most likely be extended to other ecosystems with organic topsoils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian N Albers
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) , Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole S Jacobsen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) , Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria , 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anders R Johnsen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) , Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Antes FG, Diehl LO, Pereira JSF, Guimarães RCL, Guarnieri RA, Ferreira BMS, Flores EMM. Effect of ultrasonic frequency on separation of water from heavy crude oil emulsion using ultrasonic baths. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 35:541-546. [PMID: 27085959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive study was performed for the evaluation of ultrasound (US) frequency for demulsification of crude oil emulsions. Experiments were performed using ultrasonic baths operating at the following frequencies: 25, 35, 45, 130, 582, 862 and 1146kHz. Synthetic water-in-oil emulsions with 12%, 35% and 50% of water and medians of droplet size distribution (DSD, D(0.5)) of 5, 10 and 25μm were prepared using a heavy crude oil (API density of 19). Crude oil demulsification was achieved at frequencies in the range of 25-45kHz for all tested emulsions. When frequencies higher than 45kHz were applied, no changes in the characteristics of the crude oil emulsions were observed. Demulsification efficiencies of about 65% were achieved at a frequency of 45kHz after 15min of US application (emulsions with original water content of 50% and D(0.5)=10μm). An important aspect is that no addition of chemical demulsifiers was performed, and the demulsification efficiency was considered high, taking into account that the results were obtained using a non-conventional crude oil. Contrary to the normal application of low-frequency US that has been used for emulsification, the proposed approach seems to be a promising technology for water removal from crude oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane G Antes
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 89700-991 Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - Liange O Diehl
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Corte, 79106-550 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Juliana S F Pereira
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina C L Guimarães
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES/PETROBRAS, 21941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Guarnieri
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES/PETROBRAS, 21941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bianca M S Ferreira
- Centro de Pesquisas e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello - CENPES/PETROBRAS, 21941-915 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Schmidt L, Bizzi CA, Rosa FC, Cruz SM, Barin JS, Flores EMM. Microwave-induced combustion: towards a robust and predictable sample preparation method. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj01359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ideal gas equation was used as a tool for calculating the stoichiometric amount of O2 for efficient sample digestion using MIC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schmidt
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Cezar A. Bizzi
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Francisco C. Rosa
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Sandra M. Cruz
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Juliano S. Barin
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
| | - Erico M. M. Flores
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- Santa Maria
- Brazil
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Bizzi CA, Barin JS, Oliveira JSS, Cravotto G, Flores EMM. Microwave-Assisted Oxidation of Organic Matter Using Diluted HNO3 under O2 Pressure: Rationalization of the Temperature Gradient Effect for Acid Regeneration. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20170001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mandlate JS, Soares BM, Seeger TS, Vecchia PD, Mello PA, Flores EMM, Duarte FA. Determination of cadmium and lead at sub-ppt level in soft drinks: An efficient combination between dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2016; 221:907-912. [PMID: 27979292 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A DLLME method for extraction and preconcentration of Cd and Pb from soft drinks and further determination by GF AAS was developed. Important parameters of DLLME such as the type and volume of dispersive and extraction solvents, concentration of DDTC (complexing agent) and pH were evaluated. Better results were obtained using 500μL of acetone for Cd and 700μL of acetonitrile for Pb as dispersive solvents, 60μL of CCl4 as extraction solvent for both analytes and 500μL of 1.5% DDTC solution. Accuracy was evaluated by recovery assays and ranged from 91 to 113% for Cd and from 95 to 108% for Pb, with RSD below 10 and 7%, respectively. The LODs were 0.006 and 0.072ngL-1 for Cd and Pb, respectively. The optimized method was applied for the determination of Cd and Pb in soft drinks with different brands and flavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime S Mandlate
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, 257, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Bruno M Soares
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tassia S Seeger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Dalla Vecchia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paola A Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Corazza G, Henn AS, Mesko MF, Duarte FA, Flores EMM, Mello PA. Microwave-Induced Combustion of Coal for Further Sulfur Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry or Ion Chromatography. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.5935/0103-5053.20160036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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