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Rydel-Ciszek K. DFT Studies of the Activity and Reactivity of Limonene in Comparison with Selected Monoterpenes. Molecules 2024; 29:1579. [PMID: 38611858 PMCID: PMC11013946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the effective processing of natural monoterpenes that constitute renewable biomass found in post-production waste into products that are starting materials for the synthesis of valuable compounds is a way to ensure independence from non-renewable fossil fuels and can contribute to reducing global carbon dioxide emissions. The presented research aims to determine, based on DFT calculations, the activity and reactivity of limonene, an organic substrate used in previous preparative analyses, in comparison to selected monoterpenes such as cymene, pinene, thymol, and menthol. The influence of the solvent model was also checked, and the bonds most susceptible to reaction were determined in the examined compounds. With regard to EHOMO, it was found that limonene reacts more easily than cymene or menthol but with more difficultly than thymol and pienene. The analysis of the global chemical reactivity descriptors "locates" the reactivity of limonene in the middle of the studied monoterpenes. It was observed that, among the tested compounds, the most reactive compound is thymol, while the least reactive is menthol. The demonstrated results can be a reference point for experimental work carried out using the discussed compounds, to focus research on those with the highest reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rydel-Ciszek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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2
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Niu J, Zhu J. Thermal reaction products and formation pathways of two monoterpenes under in situ thermal desorption conditions that mimic vaping coil temperatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21650. [PMID: 38066090 PMCID: PMC10709557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaping has become more popular and different brands and types of vaping devices have rapidly emerged. However, little is known about the potential health risks of human inhalation exposures to the volatile chemicals in the vapour, which includes both directly vaporised components of vaping liquid and their reaction products formed during vaping processes. This study investigated reaction products of two monoterpenes (α-pinene and terpinolene) that are used as flavouring agents in vaping liquids with a focus on the identification of reaction products and their formation pathways. The thermal desorption was conducted under an in situ condition that is in the range of heating coil temperature in vaping by thermally desorbing the chemicals at a temperature range of 100-300 °C. Additional clean air was introduced during the thermal desorption. 36 and 29 reaction products were identified from α-pinene and terpinolene, respectively, at a relative concentration of 0.01% and greater in the desorbed mixture. 3-Carene was the dominant reaction product of α-pinene, while reaction products of terpinolene was dominated by p-isopropenyltoluene. Several reaction pathways including ring opening, allylic oxidation, cyclo-etherification, Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, epoxidation, cleavage and removal of partial structure, and dehydration were involved in the formation of various reaction products. These pathways and resulting relative concentrations of residual parent compound and reaction products were influenced by both temperature and amount of air present during thermal desorption. The study results demonstrate possible existence of reaction products from thermally labile chemicals like monoterpenes in vaping aerosols and can help inform policies regulating vaping devices and products to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Niu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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3
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Pedersen S, Batista GMF, Henriksen ML, Hammershøj HC, Hopmann KH, Skrydstrup T. Lignocellulose Conversion via Catalytic Transformations Yields Methoxyterephthalic Acid Directly from Sawdust. JACS AU 2023; 3:1221-1229. [PMID: 37124285 PMCID: PMC10131214 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) polyester represents the most common class of thermoplastic polymers widely used in the textile, bottling, and packaging industries. Terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, both of petrochemical origin, are polymerized to yield the polyester. However, an earlier report suggests that polymerization of methoxyterephthalic acid with ethylene glycol provides a methoxy-polyester with similar properties. Currently, there are no established biobased synthetic routes toward the methoxyterephthalic acid monomer. Here, we show a viable route to the dicarboxylic acid from various tree species involving three catalytic steps. We demonstrate that sawdust can be converted to valuable aryl nitrile intermediates through hydrogenolysis, followed by an efficient fluorosulfation-catalytic cyanation sequence (>90%) and then converted to methoxyterephthalic acid by hydrolysis and oxidation. A preliminary polymerization result indicates a methoxy-polyester with acceptable thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
S. Pedersen
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gabriel M. F. Batista
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin L. Henriksen
- Department
of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University; Aabogade
40, 8200 Aarhus
N, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian
D. Hammershøj
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon
Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience
Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus
University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Post C, Maniar D, Voet VSD, Folkersma R, Loos K. Biobased 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as a Versatile Building Block for Sustainable Polymeric Materials. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8991-9003. [PMID: 36936293 PMCID: PMC10018510 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Furanic polymers, currently mainly represented by polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate (PEF), also known as polyethylene furanoate, have a fantastic potential to replace fossil-based polymers: for example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET). While 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a precursor of PEF, and its derived polymers have been studied extensively, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) has received relatively little attention so far. Similarly to FDCA, BHMF is a biobased platform chemical derived from renewable sources such as sugars. This review highlights different polymerization techniques for BHMF-based polyesters and addresses BHMF's relative instability during the synthesis of BHMF-derived polymers, including polycarbonates and polyurethanes. Furthermore, the degradability of furanic polyesters is discussed and BHMF's toxicity is briefly elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis Post
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Dina Maniar
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent S. D. Voet
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy Folkersma
- Circular
Plastics, NHL Stenden University of Applied
Sciences, Van Schaikweg 94, 7811 KL Emmen, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Loos
- Macromolecular
Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Migliore N, Van Kooten T, Ruggeri G, Picchioni F, Raffa P. Synthesis and solution properties of poly(p,α dimethylstyrene-co-maleic anhydride): The use of a monomer potentially obtained from renewable sources as a substitute of styrene in amphiphilic copolymers. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Dehydroisomerisation of α-Pinene and Limonene to p-Cymene over Silica-Supported ZnO in the Gas Phase. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica-supported zinc oxide possessing acid and dehydrogenation functions is an efficient, noble-metal-free bifunctional catalyst for the environment-friendly synthesis of p-Cymene from renewable monoterpene feedstock by gas-phase dehydroisomerisation of α-pinene and limonene in a fixed-bed reactor. The reaction involves acid-catalysed terpene isomerisation to p-menthadienes followed by dehydrogenation to form p-Cymene. Dehydroisomerisation of α-pinene produces p-Cymene with 90% yield at 100% conversion at 370 °C and WHSV = 0.01–0.020 h−1. The reaction with limonene gives a 100% p-Cymene yield at 325 °C and WHSV = 0.080 h−1. ZnO/SiO2 catalyst shows stable performance for over 70 h without co-feeding hydrogen.
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7
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Ferreira-Filipe DA, Paço A, Duarte AC, Rocha-Santos T, Patrício Silva AL. Are Biobased Plastics Green Alternatives?-A Critical Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157729. [PMID: 34360022 PMCID: PMC8345407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental sustainability is driving an intense search for "green materials". Biobased plastics have emerged as a promising alternative. Their building blocks can now be obtained from diverse biomass, by-products, and organic residues due to the advances in biorefineries and bioprocessing technologies, decreasing the demand for fossil fuel resources and carbon footprint. Novel biobased polymers with high added value and improved properties and functionalities have been developed to apply diverse economic sectors. However, the real opportunities and risks of such novel biobased plastic solutions have raised scientific and public awareness. This paper provides a critical review on the recent advances in biobased polymers chemistry and emerging (bio)technologies that underpin their production and discusses the potential for biodegradation, recycling, environmental safety, and toxicity of these biobased solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Paço
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.C.D.); (T.R.-S.)
| | - Armando C. Duarte
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.C.D.); (T.R.-S.)
| | - Teresa Rocha-Santos
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.P.); (A.C.D.); (T.R.-S.)
| | - Ana L. Patrício Silva
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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8
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Abstract
Over the last few decades, bio-based polymers have attracted considerable attention from both academic and industrial fields regarding the minimization of the environmental impact arising from the excessive use of petrochemically-based polymeric materials. In this context, poly(ethylene vanillate) (PEV), an alipharomatic polyester prepared from 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-3-methoxybenzoic acid, a monomer originating from lignin-derived vanillic acid, has shown promising thermal and mechanical properties. Herein, the effects of three different catalysts, namely titanium butoxide (TBT), titanium isopropoxide (TIS), and antimony trioxide (Sb2O3), on the synthesis of PEV via a two-stage melt polycondensation method are investigated. The progress of the reaction is assessed using various complementary techniques, such as intrinsic viscosity measurement (IV), end group analysis (AV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the produced polyesters is studied by evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA-MS). Moreover, as the discoloration in polymers affects their applications, color measurement is performed here. Finally, theoretical kinetic studies are carried out to rationalize the experimental observations.
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9
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Tibbetts J, Russo D, Lapkin AA, Bull SD. Efficient Syntheses of Biobased Terephthalic Acid, p-Toluic Acid, and p-Methylacetophenone via One-Pot Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Monoterpene Derived Bio- p-cymene. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:8642-8652. [PMID: 35024250 PMCID: PMC8735764 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient elevated-pressure catalytic oxidative process (2.5 mol % Co(NO3)2, 2.5 mol % MnBr2, air (30 bar), 125 °C, acetic acid, 6 h) has been developed to oxidize p-cymene into crystalline white terephthalic acid (TA) in ∼70% yield. Use of this mixed Co2+/Mn2+ catalytic system is key to obtaining high 70% yields of TA at relatively low reaction temperatures (125 °C) in short reaction times (6 h), which is likely to be due to the synergistic action of bromine and nitrate radicals in the oxidative process. Recycling studies have demonstrated that the mixed metal catalysts present in recovered mother liquors could be recycled three times in successive p-cymene oxidation reactions with no loss in catalytic activity or TA yield. Partial oxidation of p-cymene to give p-methylacetophenone (p-MA) in 55-60% yield can be achieved using a mixed CoBr2/Mn(OAc)2 catalytic system under 1 atm air for 24 h, while use of Co(NO3)2/MnBr2 under 1 atm O2 for 24 h gave p-toluic acid in 55-60% yield. Therefore, access to these simple catalytic aerobic conditions enables multiple biorenewable bulk terpene feedstocks (e.g., crude sulfate turpentine, turpentine, cineole, and limonene) to be converted into synthetically useful bio-p-MA, bio-p-toluic acid, and bio-TA (and hence bio-polyethylene terephthalate) as part of a terpene based biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
D. Tibbetts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K.
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University
of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Danilo Russo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexei A. Lapkin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, West Cambridge Site, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, United
Kingdom
| | - Steven D. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K.
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10
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Wan Y, Lee JM. Toward Value-Added Dicarboxylic Acids from Biomass Derivatives via Thermocatalytic Conversion. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nangyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nangyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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11
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Trandafir M, Neaţu S, Bocîrnea A, Counsell J, Cavani F, Florea M, Neaţu F. The Role of Acidity in Terephthalic Acid Synthesis from Renewable Carbon Source. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela‐Mirela Trandafir
- Institution National Institute of Materials Physics 405A Atomistilor Street 077125 Magurele Romania
| | - Stefan Neaţu
- Institution National Institute of Materials Physics 405A Atomistilor Street 077125 Magurele Romania
| | - Amelia Bocîrnea
- Institution National Institute of Materials Physics 405A Atomistilor Street 077125 Magurele Romania
| | - Jonathan Counsell
- Kratos Analytical Wharfside Trafford Wharf Road Manchester M17 1GP UK
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” University of Bologna Viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Mihaela Florea
- Institution National Institute of Materials Physics 405A Atomistilor Street 077125 Magurele Romania
| | - Florentina Neaţu
- Institution National Institute of Materials Physics 405A Atomistilor Street 077125 Magurele Romania
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12
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Iglesias J, Martínez-Salazar I, Maireles-Torres P, Martin Alonso D, Mariscal R, López Granados M. Advances in catalytic routes for the production of carboxylic acids from biomass: a step forward for sustainable polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5704-5771. [PMID: 32658221 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polymers are ubiquitously present in our daily life because they can meet a wide range of needs and fields of applications. This success, based on an irresponsible linear consumption of plastics and the access to cheap oil, is creating serious environmental problems. Two lines of actions are needed to cope with them: to adopt a circular consumption of plastics and to produce renewable carbon-neutral monomers. This review analyses the recent advances in the chemocatalytic processes for producing biomass-derived carboxylic acids. These renewable carboxylic acids are involved in the synthesis of relevant general purpose and specialty polyesters and polyamides; some of them are currently derived from oil, while others can become surrogates of petrochemical polymers due to their excellent performance properties. Polyesters and polyamides are very suitable to be depolymerised to other valuable chemicals or to their constituent monomers, what facilitates the circular reutilisation of these monomers. Different types of carboxylic acids have been included in this review: monocarboxylic acids (like glycolic, lactic, hydroxypropanoic, methyl vinyl glycolic, methyl-4-methoxy-2-hydroxybutanoic, 2,5-dihydroxypent-3-enoic, 2,5,6-trihydroxyhex-3-enoic acids, diphenolic, acrylic and δ-amino levulinic acids), dicarboxylic acids (2,5-furandicarboxylic, maleic, succinic, adipic and terephthalic acids) and sugar acids (like gluconic and glucaric acids). The review evaluates the technology status and the advantages and drawbacks of each route in terms of feedstock, reaction pathways, catalysts and economic and environmental evaluation. The prospects and the new research that should be undertaken to overcome the main problems threatening their economic viability or the weaknesses that prevent their commercial implementation have also been underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iglesias
- Chemical & Environmental Engineering Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipan, s/n, Mostoles, Madrid 28933, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Salazar
- EQS Group (Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Maireles-Torres
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografia y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - D Martin Alonso
- Glucan Biorenewables LLC, Madison, WI 53719, USA and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - R Mariscal
- EQS Group (Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M López Granados
- EQS Group (Sustainable Energy and Chemistry Group), Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC), C/Marie Curie, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Ali AAKF, Danielson ND. Micellar and sub-micellar liquid chromatography of terephthalic acid contaminants using a C18 column coated with Tween 20. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:214-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Gu Y, Hummel M, Muthukumarappan K, Zhao Z, Gu Z. Synthesis and Characterization of Allyl Terpene Maleate Monomer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19149. [PMID: 31844132 PMCID: PMC6914792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and their derivatives are sustainable, renewable chemicals that can be used as a complementary hydrocarbon. The exceptions are fossil-based feedstocks and lignin-based feedstocks. A simple method has been found to prepare allyl terpene maleate monomer by substitution reaction at lower reaction temperatures. Using terpenes from turpentine, maleic anhydride and allyl chloride as reactants, the synthesized monomer, terpene-diallyl maleate adduct, was prepared by D-A addition, hydrolysis, and substitution reaction. The resultant monomer was characterized for the first time. The synthesized product will be a versatile monomer and a very important intermediate, having broad application prospects. The synthesized monomer will replace similar aromatic compounds in certain applications because of its low-toxicity and sustainability. The synthesized monomer with two terminal olefin structures has great free radical polymerization potential, according to its physical and chemical properties and exploratory experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China. .,Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57006, USA.
| | - Matthew Hummel
- Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57006, USA
| | | | - Zhendong Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Gu
- Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, 57006, USA.
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15
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Qu XL, Jiang M, Wang B, Deng J, Wang R, Zhang Q, Zhou GY, Tang J. A Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid as an Efficient and Selective Catalyst System for Bioderived High Molecular Weight Poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate). CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4927-4935. [PMID: 31482679 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of bioderived high-molecular-weight poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) over metal-free catalysts is a significant challenge. This study focuses on PEF prepared from ethylene glycol and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through a direct esterification method with ecofriendly metal-free ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts. The catalytic activities of a series of imidazolium cations in the presence of various anions are systematically investigated and found to be mainly governed by the anions. Among the ILs studied, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C2 MIM]BF4 ) is identified as the best catalyst, showing excellent catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, even at low catalyst loadings (0.1 mol % w.r.t. FDCA). Optimization of the polymerization parameters enables [C2 MIM]BF4 -catalyzed production of PEF with a high number-average molecular weight (Mn =5.25×104 g mol-1 ). The relationship between Brønsted acidity and catalytic activity is also investigated and the results show that the trend in catalytic activity is in good agreement with that in Brønsted acidity, as determined by the Hammett method. Additionally, on the basis of experimental results and density functional theory calculations, an electrophilic activation mechanism induced by hydrogen bonds is proposed. This strategy of adjustable acidity and anion structure in ILs provides an opportunity to develop other ILs for bio-based polyesters through green synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Qu
- Jilin University, JieFang Street 2519, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Street 96, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jin Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Jinzhai Street 96, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Zhou
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Jilin University, JieFang Street 2519, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
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16
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Liu Q, Dordick JS, Dinu CZ. Metal-Organic Framework-Based Composite for Photocatalytic Detection of Prevalent Pollutant. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31049-31059. [PMID: 31374169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic properties of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a model organic molecule used for biopolymer production, are reported for the first time. Further integration of FDCA into metal-organic framework (MOF) structures and subsequent silver-based photoactivation leads to the next generation of hybrids with controlled morphologies, capable of forming sensorial platforms for prevalent phenol contaminant detection. The mechanisms that allow photocatalytic functionality are driven by the charge carrier generation in the organic molecule (either in its alone or integrated form) and depend on sample's physical and chemical properties as confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry confirmed high sensitivity for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) detection as dictated by the selective electron migration at a user-controlled electrode interface. Considering the wide usage of p-NP and its increased discharge shown to lead to harmful effects on both the environment and biosystems, this new detection method is envisioned to allow effective control and regulation of such compound release, all under low-cost and environmentally friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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17
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Functionalization of Partially Bio-Based Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) by Blending with Fully Bio-Based Poly(Amide) 10,10 and a Glycidyl Methacrylate-Based Compatibilizer. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081331. [PMID: 31405161 PMCID: PMC6723675 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work shows the potential of binary blends composed of partially bio-based poly(ethyelene terephthalate) (bioPET) and fully bio-based poly(amide) 10,10 (bioPA1010). These blends are manufactured by extrusion and subsequent injection moulding and characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and thermomechanical properties. To overcome or minimize the immiscibility, a glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, namely poly(styrene-ran-glycidyl methacrylate) (PS-GMA; Xibond™ 920) was used. The addition of 30 wt % bioPA provides increased renewable content up to 50 wt %, but the most interesting aspect is that bioPA contributes to improved toughness and other ductile properties such as elongation at yield. The morphology study revealed a typical immiscible droplet-like structure and the effectiveness of the PS-GMA copolymer was assessed by field emission scanning electron microcopy (FESEM) with a clear decrease in the droplet size due to compatibilization. It is possible to conclude that bioPA1010 can positively contribute to reduce the intrinsic stiffness of bioPET and, in addition, it increases the renewable content of the developed materials.
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18
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Rittinghaus RD, Schäfer PM, Albrecht P, Conrads C, Hoffmann A, Ksiazkiewicz AN, Bienemann O, Pich A, Herres-Pawlis S. New Kids in Lactide Polymerization: Highly Active and Robust Iron Guanidine Complexes as Superior Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2161-2165. [PMID: 30811863 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide is a biodegradable versatile material based on annually renewable resources and thus CO2 -neutral in its lifecycle. Until now, tin(II)octanoate [Sn(Oct2 )] was used as catalyst for the industrial ring-opening polymerization of lactide in spite of its cytotoxicity. On the way towards a sustainable catalyst, three iron(II) hybrid guanidine complexes were investigated concerning their molecular structure and applied to the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. The complexes could polymerize unpurified technical-grade rac-lactide as well as recrystallized l-lactide to long-chain polylactide in bulk with monomer/initiator ratios of more than 5000:1 in a controlled manner following the coordination-insertion mechanism. For the first time, a biocompatible complex has surpassed Sn(Oct)2 in its polymerization activity under industrially relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth D Rittinghaus
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal M Schäfer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pascal Albrecht
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Conrads
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka N Ksiazkiewicz
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials (DWI), Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Bienemann
- Fakultät für Chemie und chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials (DWI), Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Poulopoulou N, Kasmi N, Siampani M, Terzopoulou ZN, Bikiaris DN, Achilias DS, Papageorgiou DG, Papageorgiou GZ. Exploring Next-Generation Engineering Bioplastics: Poly(alkylene furanoate)/Poly(alkylene terephthalate) (PAF/PAT) Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E556. [PMID: 30960540 PMCID: PMC6473530 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers from renewable resources and especially strong engineering partially aromatic biobased polyesters are of special importance for the evolution of bioeconomy. The fabrication of polymer blends is a creative method for the production of tailor-made materials for advanced applications that are able to combine functionalities from both components. In this study, poly(alkylene furanoate)/poly(alkylene terephthalate) blends with different compositions were prepared by solution blending in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid and chloroform. Three different types of blends were initially prepared, namely, poly(ethylene furanoate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PEF/PET), poly(propylene furanoate)/poly(propylene terephthalate) (PPF/PPT), and poly(1,4-cyclohenedimethylene furanoate)/poly(1,4-cycloxehane terephthalate) (PCHDMF/PCHDMT). These blends' miscibility characteristics were evaluated by examining the glass transition temperature of each blend. Moreover, reactive blending was utilized for the enhancement of miscibility and dynamic homogeneity and the formation of copolymers through transesterification reactions at high temperatures. PEF⁻PET and PPF⁻PPT blends formed a copolymer at relatively low reactive blending times. Finally, poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene furanoate) (PETF) random copolymers were successfully introduced as compatibilizers for the PEF/PET immiscible blends, which resulted in enhanced miscibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Poulopoulou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Nejib Kasmi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Maria Siampani
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Zoi N Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitris S Achilias
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios G Papageorgiou
- School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - George Z Papageorgiou
- Chemistry Department, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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20
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Sudarsanam P, Peeters E, Makshina EV, Parvulescu VI, Sels BF. Advances in porous and nanoscale catalysts for viable biomass conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2366-2421. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid catalysts with unique porosity and nanoscale properties play a promising role for efficient valorization of biomass into sustainable advanced fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putla Sudarsanam
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Elise Peeters
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Ekaterina V. Makshina
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Vasile I. Parvulescu
- University of Bucharest
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Biochemistry and Catalysis
- Bucharest 030016
- Romania
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
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21
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Andersen E, Mikkelsen R, Kristiansen S, Hinge M. Accelerated physical ageing of poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol terephthalate). RSC Adv 2019; 9:14209-14219. [PMID: 35692892 PMCID: PMC9122620 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene-co-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol terephthalate) shows physical ageing, without chemical degradation, resulting in 80% impact toughness decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Andersen
- Plastic and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Engineering
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
- LEGO System A/S
| | | | | | - Mogens Hinge
- Plastic and Polymer Engineering
- Department of Engineering
- Aarhus University
- Denmark
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22
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Rosenboom JG, Hohl DK, Fleckenstein P, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Bottle-grade polyethylene furanoate from ring-opening polymerisation of cyclic oligomers. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2701. [PMID: 30042388 PMCID: PMC6057881 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) represents a promising renewable resource-based bioplastic as replacement for fossil-based polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with improved material properties. However, the synthesis of PEF through conventional polycondensation remains challenging, since the time-intensive reaction leads to degradation and undesired discolouration of the product. Here we show the successful rapid synthesis of bottle-grade PEF via ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) from cyclic PEF oligomers within minutes, thereby avoiding degradation and discolouration. The melting point of such mixture of cyclic oligomers lies around 370 °C, well above the degradation temperature of PEF (~329 °C). This challenge can be overcome, exploiting the self-plasticising effect of the forming polymer itself (which melts around 220 °C) by initiation in the presence of a high boiling, yet removable, and inert liquid plasticiser. This concept yields polymer grades required for bottle applications (Mn > 30 kg mol−1, conversion > 95%, colour-free products), and can be extended to other diffusion-limited polymer systems. The synthesis of polyethylene furanoate, a promising renewable resource-based bioplastic, still has challenges. Here the authors show that bottle-grade polyethylene furanoate can be obtained within minutes from ring-opening polymerisation of its cyclic oligomers, thereby avoiding degradation and discolouration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Georg Rosenboom
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Kay Hohl
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Fleckenstein
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Storti
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Massimo Morbidelli
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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23
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Hu Y, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Li G, Wang A, Cong Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Li N. Synthesis of 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid and 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylates from Formaldehyde, Crotonaldehyde and Acrylate/Fumarate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; College of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yu Cong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ning Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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24
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Reaction kinetics and simulations of ring-opening polymerization for the synthesis of polybutylene terephthalate. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Hu Y, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Li G, Wang A, Cong Y, Zhang T, Wang F, Li N. Synthesis of 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid and 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylates from Formaldehyde, Crotonaldehyde and Acrylate/Fumarate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6901-6905. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Zhitong Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; College of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and Technology; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Guangyi Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yu Cong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
| | - Ning Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
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26
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Nicolae S, Neaţu F, Florea M. Selective catalytic oxidation reaction of p -xylene on manganese–iron mixed oxide materials. CR CHIM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Jongedijk E, van der Klis F, de Zwart R, van Es DS, Beekwilder J. Methyl Perillate as a Highly Functionalized Natural Starting Material for Terephthalic Acid. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:201-203. [PMID: 29450122 PMCID: PMC5803525 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renewable commodity chemicals can be generated from plant materials. Often abundant materials such as sugars are used for this purpose. However, these lack appropriate functionalities and, therefore, they require extensive chemical modifications before they can be used as commodity chemicals. The plant kingdom is capable of producing an almost endless variety of compounds, including compounds with highly appropriate functionalities, but these are often not available in high quantities. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to produce functionalized plant compounds on a large scale by fermentation in microorganisms. This opens up the potential to exploit plant compounds that are less abundant, but functionally resemble commodity chemicals more closely. To elaborate this concept, we demonstrate the suitability of a highly functionalized plant compound, methyl perillate, as a precursor for the commodity chemical terephthalic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmer Jongedijk
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University6708PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Daan S. van Es
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research6708 WGWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jules Beekwilder
- Wageningen Plant ResearchPO box 166700AAWageningenThe Netherlands
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28
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Ni L, Xin J, Dong H, Lu X, Liu X, Zhang S. A Simple and Mild Approach for the Synthesis of p-Xylene from Bio-Based 2,5-Dimethyfuran by Using Metal Triflates. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2394-2401. [PMID: 28190293 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The production of aromatic platform chemicals from biomass-derived feedstocks is of considerable importance in biomass conversion. However, the development of effective routes with simple steps and under mild conditions is still challenging. In this work, we report an original route for the direct synthesis of p-xylene from 2,5-dimethylfuran and acrylic acid catalyzed by scandium(III) triflate (Sc(OTf)3 ) in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim]NTf2 ) under mild conditions. An overall 63 % selectivity towards p-xylene and 78 % selectivity towards aromatics were obtained at 90 % conversion of 2,5-dimethylfuran by enhancing the dehydration and introducing an extra one-pot decarboxylation step. Furthermore, various dienes and dienophiles were employed as reactants to extend the substrate scope. The aromatic compounds were obtained in moderate yields, which proved the potential of the method to be a generic approach for the conversion of bio-based furanics into renewable aromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jiayu Xin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Huixian Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xingmei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Suojiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- Sino Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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