1
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Noman M, Khan Z, Jan ST. A comprehensive review on the advancements and challenges in perovskite solar cell technology. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5085-5131. [PMID: 38332783 PMCID: PMC10851055 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07518d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as revolutionary technology in the field of photovoltaics, offering a promising avenue for efficient and cost-effective solar energy conversion. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and developments in PSCs, beginning with an introduction to their fundamental properties and significance. Herein, we discuss the various types of PSCs, including lead-based, tin-based, mixed Sn-Pb, germanium-based, and polymer-based PSCs, highlighting their unique attributes and performance metrics. Special emphasis is given to halide double PSCs and their potential in enhancing the stability of PSCs. Charge transport layers and their significance in influencing the overall efficiency of solar cells are discussed in detail. The review also explores the role of tandem solar cells as a solution to overcome the limitations of single-junction solar cells, offering an integrated approach to harness a broader spectrum of sunlight. This review concludes with challenges associated with PSCs and perspective on the future potential of PSCs, emphasizing their role in shaping a sustainable energy landscape. Through this review readers will gain a comprehensive insight into the current state-of-the-art in PSC technology and the avenues for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- U.S. - Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Khan
- U.S. - Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Shayan Tariq Jan
- U.S. - Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar Pakistan
- Department of Energy Engineering Technology, University of Technology Nowshera Pakistan
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2
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Pols M, Brouwers V, Calero S, Tao S. How fast do defects migrate in halide perovskites: insights from on-the-fly machine-learned force fields. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4660-4663. [PMID: 36994486 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The migration of defects plays an important role in the stability of halide perovskites. It is challenging to study defect migration with experiments or conventional computer simulations. The former lacks an atomic-scale resolution and the latter suffers from short simulation times or a lack of accuracy. Here, we demonstrate that machine-learned force fields, trained with an on-the-fly active learning scheme against accurate density functional theory calculations, allow us to probe the differences in the dynamical behaviour of halide interstitials and halide vacancies in two closely related compositions CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3. We find that interstitials migrate faster than vacancies, due to the shorter migration paths of interstitials. Both types of defects migrate faster in CsPbI3 than in CsPbBr3. We attribute this to the less compact packing of the ions in CsPbI3, which results in a larger motion of the ions and thus more frequent defect migration jumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Pols
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor Brouwers
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofía Calero
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands.
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3
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Shi R, Fang Q, Vasenko AS, Long R, Fang WH, Prezhdo OV. Structural Disorder in Higher-Temperature Phases Increases Charge Carrier Lifetimes in Metal Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19137-19149. [PMID: 36206144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Solar cells and optoelectronic devices are exposed to heat that degrades performance. Therefore, elucidating temperature-dependent charge carrier dynamics is essential for device optimization. Charge carrier lifetimes decrease with temperature in conventional semiconductors. The opposite, anomalous trend is observed in some experiments performed with MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) and other metal halide perovskites. Using ab initio quantum dynamics simulation, we establish the atomic mechanisms responsible for nonradiative electron-hole recombination in orthorhombic-, tetragonal-, and cubic MAPbI3. We demonstrate that structural disorder arising from the phase transitions is as important as the disorder due to heating in the same phase. The carrier lifetimes grow both with increasing temperature in the same phase and upon transition to the higher-temperature phases. The increased lifetime is rationalized by structural disorder that induces partial charge localization, decreases nonadiabatic coupling, and shortens quantum coherence. Inelastic and elastic electron-vibrational interactions exhibit opposite dependence on temperature and phase. The partial disorder and localization arise from thermal motions of both the inorganic lattice and the organic cations and depend significantly on the phase. The structural deformations induced by thermal fluctuations and phase transitions are on the same order as deformations induced by defects, and hence, thermal disorder plays a very important role. Since charge localization increases carrier lifetimes but inhibits transport, an optimal regime maximizing carrier diffusion can be designed, depending on phase, temperature, material morphology, and device architecture. The atomistic mechanisms responsible for the enhanced carrier lifetimes at elevated temperatures provide guidelines for the design of improved solar energy and optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Run Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, and Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
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4
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Zhang X, Chen X, Chen Y, Nadege Ouedraogo NA, Li J, Bao X, Han CB, Shirai Y, Zhang Y, Yan H. Rapid degradation behavior of encapsulated perovskite solar cells under light, bias voltage or heat fields. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6128-6137. [PMID: 36133943 PMCID: PMC9418572 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00495f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
When the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) rapidly approaches that of commercial solar cells, the stability becomes the most important obstacle for the commercialization of PSCs. Aside from the widely studied slow PCE degradation, the PSCs also show a unique rapid PCE degradation. Although the degradation due to oxygen and humidity can be avoided by encapsulation, that due to bias voltage, light and heat could not be effective suppressed and will lead to considerable degradation. Usually, the rapid PCE degradation is believed to be from ion migration. However, a systematic investigation is yet to be carried out. This work quantitatively and systematically investigated the relationships between external fields (bias voltage, light or heat), ion migration and device performance. By comparing the performance of reference PSCs after 90 min degradation under these fields, we conclude that (1) the electric field affects the spatial distribution of mobile ions; (2) the light field changes the mobile ion densities and drives the ion migration; (3) the heat field results in perovskite decomposition as well as changing the mobile ion densities. In addition to the analysis of the reference device, we experimentally proved that the improved device stability upon introducing phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) or poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) layers originates from the inhibition of mobile ion density and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | | | - Jingjie Li
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Xiulong Bao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Beijing-Dublin International College (BDIC), University College Dublin Ireland
| | - Chang Bao Han
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Yasuhiro Shirai
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
| | - Hui Yan
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 China
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5
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Tetragonal-Cubic Phase Transition and Low-Field Dielectric Properties of CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Crystals. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154215. [PMID: 34361408 PMCID: PMC8348982 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric properties of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) crystals have been studied and analyzed in connection with temperature-dependent structural studies. The obtained results bring arguments for the existence of ferroelectricity and aim to complete the current knowledge on the thermally activated conduction mechanisms, in dark equilibrium and in the presence of a small external a.c. electric field. The study correlates the frequency-dispersive dielectric spectra with the conduction mechanisms and their relaxation processes, as well as with the different transport regimes indicated by the Nyquist plots. The different energy barriers revealed by the impedance spectroscopy highlight the dominant transport mechanisms in different frequency and temperature ranges, being associated with the bulk of the grains, their boundaries, and/or the electrodes' interfaces.
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6
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Xiao X, Chu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Qiu C, Wang H, Mei A, Rong Y, Xu G, Hu Y, Han H. Enhanced perovskite electronic properties via A-site cation engineering. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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7
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Trivedi S, Prochowicz D, Parikh N, Mahapatra A, Pandey MK, Kalam A, Tavakoli MM, Yadav P. Recent Progress in Growth of Single-Crystal Perovskites for Photovoltaic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:1030-1042. [PMID: 33490762 PMCID: PMC7818074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth of high-quality single-crystal (SC) perovskite films is a great strategy for the fabrication of defect-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with photovoltaic parameters close to the theoretical limit, which resulted in high efficiency and superior stability of the device. Plenty of growth methods for perovskite SCs are available to achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing 21% for SC-based PSCs. However, there is still a lot of room to further push the efficiency by considering new crystal growth techniques, interface engineering, passivation approaches, and additive engineering. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in the growth of SC-based perovskite films for the fabrication of high-efficiency and stable PSCs. We describe the impact of SC growth of perovskite films and their quality on the device performance and stability, compared with the commonly used polycrystalline perovskite films. In the last section, the challenges and potential of SCs in PSCs are also covered for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suverna Trivedi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Institute
of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
| | - Nishi Parikh
- Department
of Science, School of Technology, Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Apurba Mahapatra
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, National Institute
of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Department
of Science, School of Technology, Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Abul Kalam
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department
of Solar Energy, School of Technology, Pandit
Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar 382 007, Gujarat, India
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8
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Ceratti DR, Zohar A, Kozlov R, Dong H, Uraltsev G, Girshevitz O, Pinkas I, Avram L, Hodes G, Cahen D. Eppur si Muove: Proton Diffusion in Halide Perovskite Single Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002467. [PMID: 33048452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion diffusion affects the optoelectronic properties of halide-perovskites (HaPs). Until now, the fastest diffusion has been attributed to the movement of the halides, largely neglecting the contribution of protons, on the basis of computed density estimates. Here, the process of proton diffusion inside HaPs, following deuterium-hydrogen exchange and migration in MAPbI3 , MAPbBr3 , and FAPbBr3 single crystals, is proven through D/H NMR quantification, Raman spectroscopy, and elastic recoil detection analysis, challenging the original assumption of halide-dominated diffusion. The results are confirmed by impedance spectroscopy, where MAPbBr3 - and CsPbBr3 -based solar cells respond at very different frequencies. Water plays a key role in allowing the migration of protons as deuteration is not detected in its absence. The water contribution is modeled to explain and forecast its effect as a function of its concentration in the perovskite structure. These findings are of great importance as they evidence how unexpected, water-dependent proton diffusion can be at the basis of the ≈7 orders of magnitude spread of diffusion (attributed to I- and Br- ) coefficient values, reported in the literature. The reported enhancement of the optoelectronic properties of HaP when exposed to small amounts of water may be related to the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Raffaele Ceratti
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Arava Zohar
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Roman Kozlov
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Department of Functional Inorganic Materials, Academician Semenov, Chernogolovka, Moscow, 142432, Russia
| | - Hao Dong
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210093, China
| | - Gennady Uraltsev
- Department of Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Olga Girshevitz
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
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9
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Liu J, Chen K, Khan SA, Shabbir B, Zhang Y, Khan Q, Bao Q. Synthesis and optical applications of low dimensional metal-halide perovskites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:152002. [PMID: 31751979 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have received substantial attention in research communities due to their outstanding efficiency achievements in the field of photovoltaics, optoelectronics and electronics, exhibiting extraordinary optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The exceptional structural tunability enables perovskite material to possess low-dimensional form at the atomic level and extends their applications into optoelectronic and photonic fields. This review discusses the recent progress of synthetic routes and fundamental optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional metal halide perovskites. In addition, the focus is to highlight the potential applications of perovskites in various devices including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, waveguides and memory devices. Finally, outlooks and the challenges that face the development of the perovskite materials in the near future are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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10
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Mahapatra A, Runjhun R, Nawrocki J, Lewiński J, Kalam A, Kumar P, Trivedi S, Tavakoli MM, Prochowicz D, Yadav P. Elucidation of the role of guanidinium incorporation in single-crystalline MAPbI3 perovskite on ion migration and activation energy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11467-11473. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effect of guanidinium incorporation in a single-crystalline MAPbI3 perovskite on ion migration using temperature-dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Mahapatra
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Rashmi Runjhun
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Jan Nawrocki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Abul Kalam
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Suverna Trivedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela
- India
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Tavakoli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Daniel Prochowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Pankaj Yadav
- Department of Solar Energy
- School of Technology
- Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
- Gandhinagar-382 007
- India
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11
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Smith EC, Ellis CLC, Javaid H, Arden BG, Venkataraman D. The use of ion-selective membranes to study cation transport in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20720-20726. [PMID: 31508624 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03891d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a methylammonium selective membrane in conjunction with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, we measured ion migration in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) with a millisecond (ms) time constant under illumination. These values were consistent with the reported values of ionic conduction in thin-film perovskite solar cells. We monitored an electrochemical impedance response arising from ionic conductivity through MAPbI3 and a methylammonium selective layer. We could fit this complex impedance response to an intuitive circuit model, which revealed an ionic species moving on a ms time scale. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealed direct chemical evidence of methylammonium diffusion into the ion-selective layer. We found no experimental evidence indicating the mobility of lead ions or protons, suggesting that the mobile species observed under illumination is likely methylammonium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Christie L C Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Hamza Javaid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Blaise G Arden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
| | - D Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA.
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12
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Ma JY, Ding J, Yan HJ, Wang D, Hu JS. Temperature-Dependent Local Electrical Properties of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: In Situ KPFM and c-AFM Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21627-21633. [PMID: 31136145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials are emerging as a new class of photoelectric materials for its low cost, easy preparation, and, especially, outstanding optoelectronic properties. Although tremendous efforts have been made on the regulation and optimization of perovskite materials and their microscopic electrical properties for high-efficiency solar cells, few reports focus on the evolution of electrical properties with temperature changes, especially at the microscopic scale, which will directly affect the device performances at varying temperatures. Here, we map the contact potential difference and photocurrent distribution of MAPbI3 at different temperatures in situ by Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy, emphasizing the different influences of variable temperature and phase transition on the photoelectric properties of grains and grain boundaries (GBs). It is discovered that both the Fermi level and photocurrent decrease as the sample is heated from 30 to 80 °C gradually because of the variation of effective carrier concentration and the degradation of carrier mobility implicated by lattice vibration scattering. The difference between the Fermi level at GBs and that on the grains ascends first and then descends, peaking at 50 °C, near which MAPbI3 transforms from a tetragonal phase to a cubic phase. This peak is speculated as a comprehensive consequence of the increasing difference of the Fermi level of semiconductors with different doping concentrations and the converging properties of grains and GBs with the temperature rising because the lower ion activation energy of the cubic phase at higher temperatures facilitates greatly the ions' movement between grains and GB. The variation trend of the difference of the photocurrent is the same. These findings advance the knowledge on the temperature-induced variations of microscopic photoelectrical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, which may guide the development of strategies for improving their thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Song Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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13
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Senocrate A, Maier J. Solid-State Ionics of Hybrid Halide Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8382-8396. [PMID: 31017426 PMCID: PMC6727625 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many exciting "anomalies" affecting long-time and low-frequency phenomena in the photoactive halide perovskites that are presently in the focus of the field of photovoltaics turn out to be rather expected from the point of view of solid-state ionics. This Perspective discusses such issues based on the mixed conducting nature of these materials and indicates how the solid-state ionics toolbox can be used to condition and potentially improve these solids. In addition to equilibrium bulk properties, interfacial effects and light effects on the mixed conductivity are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Senocrate
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
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14
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De Souza RA, Barboni D. Iodide-ion conduction in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite: some extraordinary aspects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1108-1111. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Certain surprising aspects of iodide-ion conduction in MAPbI3, such as the low migration barrier and the dominance of anti-Frenkel disorder, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Denis Barboni
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
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15
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Hoque MNF, He R, Warzywoda J, Fan Z. Effects of Moisture-Based Grain Boundary Passivation on Cell Performance and Ionic Migration in Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30322-30329. [PMID: 30118195 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Because of the polycrystalline nature, grain boundaries (GBs) in hybrid perovskite thin films play critical roles in determining the charge collection efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), material stability, and in particular the ion migration, considering their relatively soft ionic bonds with low formation energy. Different GB passivation methods are being studied, and introducing PbI2-rich phase at GBs in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) has been found to be useful. In this study, combining macroscale measurements with tip-based microscopic probing that includes scanning Kelvin probe microscopy for surface potential mapping and conductive atomic force microscopy for charge transport mapping, we revealed the effects of PbI2-rich phase at GBs, which was introduced in moisture-assisted synthesis of MAPbI3 thin films. It was found that PbI2 passivation of GBs could change the surface potential and charge carrier screening and significantly retard current conduction at the GB while enhancing conduction through the grain interior. Inhibition of ion migration at GBs, as well as enhanced PSC device performance, is reported.
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Zhang P, Wu J, Zhang T, Wang Y, Liu D, Chen H, Ji L, Liu C, Ahmad W, Chen ZD, Li S. Perovskite Solar Cells with ZnO Electron-Transporting Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703737. [PMID: 29105851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have developed rapidly over the past few years, and the power conversion efficiency of PSCs has exceeded 20%. Such high performance can be attributed to the unique properties of perovskite materials, such as high absorption over the visible range and long diffusion length. Due to the different diffusion lengths of holes and electrons, electron transporting materials (ETMs) used in PSCs play a critical role in PSCs performance. As an alternative to TiO2 ETM, ZnO materials have similar physical properties to TiO2 but with much higher electron mobility. In addition, there are many simple and facile methods to fabricate ZnO nanomaterials with low cost and energy consumption. This review focuses on recent developments in the use of ZnO ETM for PSCs. The fabrication methods of ZnO materials are briefly introduced. The influence of different ZnO ETMs on performance of PSCs is then reviewed. The limitations of ZnO ETM-based PSCs and some solutions to these challenges are also discussed. The review provides a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the influence of different ZnO ETMs on PSCs performance and potentially motivates further development of PSCs by extending the knowledge of ZnO-based PSCs to TiO2 -based PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E7JE, UK
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Detao Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Long Ji
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zhi David Chen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Center for Nanoscale Science & Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Shibin Li
- School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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