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Dong S, Liu H, Wang Y, Bian J, Su J. Ferroelectricity-Defects Synergistic Artificial Synapses for High Recognition Accuracy Neuromorphic Computing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:19235-19246. [PMID: 38584351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The ability of ferroelectric memristors to modulate conductance and offer multilevel storage has garnered significant attention in the realm of artificial synapses. On one hand, the resistance change of ferroelectric memristors mainly depends on the polarization reversal. On the other hand, the defects such as oxygen vacancies, which are inevitable presence during high-temperature processes, can undergo diffusion drift with the polarization reversal, thereby change the interface potential barrier. Thus, it is both desirable and necessary to investigate the synergistic effect of ferroelectricity and defects. Here, we prepare BaTiO3 ferroelectric memristor by pulse laser deposition and achieve resistance switching through the synergistic effect of ferroelectricity and oxygen vacancies. The memristor shows excellent switching characteristics with a large switching ratio (104) and good stability (103 s). It effectively emulates the features of artificial synapses and accomplishes decimal logical neural computing. In the neuromorphic system crafted with the memristor, the recognition accuracy of the 28 × 28 pixel image reaches 94.9%. These findings strongly support the research of ferroelectric memristors in neuromorphic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Dong
- College of Physics Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bian
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Physics Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Physics Department, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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2
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Liu M, Zang H, Jia Y, Jiang K, Ben J, Lv S, Li D, Sun X, Li D. Effect and Regulation Mechanism of Post-deposition Annealing on the Ferroelectric Properties of AlScN Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:16427-16435. [PMID: 38523333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Integrating ferroelectric AlScN with III-N semiconductors to enhance the performance and tunability of nitride devices requires high-quality AlScN films. This work focuses on the effect and regulation mechanism of post-annealing in pure N2 on the crystal quality and ferroelectric properties of AlScN films. It is found that the crystal quality improves with increasing annealing temperatures. Remarkably, the leakage current of AlScN films caused by grain boundaries could be reduced by four orders of magnitude after annealing at 400 °C. The crystal growth dynamics simulations and band structure calculations indicate that the energy supplied by the temperature facilitates the evolution of abnormally oriented grains to have a better c-axis orientation, resulting in the defect states at the Fermi-level disappearing, which is mainly the reason for the leakage current decrease. More interestingly, the reduction of leakage current leads to the previously leaking region exhibiting ferroelectric properties, which is of great significance to improve the ferroelectricity of AlScN and ensure the uniformity of devices. Furthermore, annealing enhances the tensile strain on the film, which flattens the energy landscape of ferroelectric switching and reduces the coercive field. However, the risk of incorporation of oxygen will also be increased if the annealing temperatures are higher than 400 °C, which will not only reduce the relative displacement of metal atoms and nitrogen atoms in AlScN but also enhance the ferroelectric depolarization field, leading to the remnant polarization decreasing dramatically. These discoveries facilitate a deeper understanding of the influencing mechanism on the ferroelectric properties of AlScN films and provide a direction for obtaining high-quality AlScN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hang Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuping Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jianwei Ben
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Shunpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaojuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Dabing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Guido R, Lu H, Lomenzo PD, Mikolajick T, Gruverman A, Schroeder U. Kinetics of N- to M-Polar Switching in Ferroelectric Al 1-xSc xN Capacitors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308797. [PMID: 38355302 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectric wurtzite-type aluminum scandium nitride (Al1-xScxN) presents unique properties that can enhance the performance of non-volatile memory technologies. The realization of the full potential of Al1-xScxN requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of polarization reversal and domain structure dynamics involved in the ferroelectric switching process. In this work, transient current integration measurements performed by a pulse switching method are combined with domain imaging by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to investigate the kinetics of domain nucleation and wall motion during polarization reversal in Al0.85Sc0.15N capacitors. In the studied electric field range (from 4.4 to 5.6 MV cm-1), ferroelectric switching proceeds via domain nucleation and wall movement. The currently available phenomenological models are shown to not fully capture all the details of the complex dynamics of polarization reversal in Al0.85Sc0.15N. PFM reveals a non-linear increase of both domain nucleation rate and lateral wall velocity during the switching process, as well as the dependency of the domain pattern on the polarization reversal direction. A continuously faster N- to M-polar switching upon cycling is reported and ascribed to an increasing number of M-polar nucleation sites and density of domain walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Guido
- NaMLab gGmbH, Noethnizer Strasse 64a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Dresden, Noethnizer Strasse 64, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Haidong Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | | | - Thomas Mikolajick
- NaMLab gGmbH, Noethnizer Strasse 64a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Dresden, Noethnizer Strasse 64, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexei Gruverman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Uwe Schroeder
- NaMLab gGmbH, Noethnizer Strasse 64a, 01187, Dresden, Germany
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Gao B, Zhou Z, Deng S, Lee K, Fukuda M, Hu L, Azuma M, Liu H, Chen J. Emergent Three-Dimensional Electric Dipole Sinewave in Bulk Perovskite Oxides. Nano Lett 2024; 24:3118-3124. [PMID: 38421801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The magnetic and electric dipoles of ferroics play a central role in their fascinating properties. In particular, topological configurations have shown promising potential for use in novel electromechanical and electronic devices. Magnetic configurations from simple collinear to complex topological are well-documented. In contrast, many complex topological features in the electric counterpart remain unexplored. Here, we report the first example of three-dimensional electric dipole sinewave topological structure in a PbZrO3-based bulk perovskite, which presents an interesting triple-hysteresis loop macroscopically. This polar configuration consists of two orthogonal sinewave electric dipole modulations decoded from a polar incommensurate phase by advanced diffraction and atomic-resolution imaging techniques. The resulting topology is unraveled to be the competition between the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric states, stabilized by the modulation of the Pb 6s2 lone pair and the antiferrodistortive effect. These findings further reinforce the similarity of the magnetic and electric topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201899, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Koomok Lee
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fukuda
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Masaki Azuma
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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5
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Wang P, Zhao Y, Na R, Dong W, Duan J, Cheng Y, Xu B, Kong D, Liu J, Du S, Zhao C, Yang Y, Lv L, Hu Q, Ai H, Xiong Y, Stolyarov VS, Zheng S, Zhou Y, Deng F, Zhou J. Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Intrinsic High-Temperature Ferroelectric 2D CuCrSe 2. Adv Mater 2024:e2400655. [PMID: 38373742 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin 2D ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature are critical for multifunctional ferroelectric devices. However, the ferroelectric spontaneous polarization is consistently broken by the strong thermal fluctuations at high temperature, resulting in the rare discovery of high-temperature ferroelectricity in 2D materials. Here, a chemical vapor deposition method is reported to synthesize 2D CuCrSe2 nanosheets. The crystal structure is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization. The measured ferroelectric phase transition temperature of ultrathin CuCrSe2 is about ≈800 K. Significantly, the switchable ferroelectric polarization is observed in ≈5.2 nm nanosheet. Moreover, the in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectric response are modulated by different maximum bias voltage. This work provides a new insight into the construction of 2D ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rui Na
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Weikang Dong
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jingyi Duan
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Boyu Xu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Denan Kong
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jijian Liu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuang Du
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingmei Hu
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hui Ai
- Analysis & Testing Center in Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis & Testing Center in Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Vasily S Stolyarov
- Center for Advanced Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow, 141700, Russia
| | - Shoujun Zheng
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fang Deng
- National Key Lab of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems, and School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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6
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Aleksa P, Ghorbani-Asl M, Iqbal S, Martuza MA, Bremerich A, Wilks D, Cai J, Chagas T, Ohmann R, Krasheninnikov A, Busse C. Transition from fractal-dendritic to compact islands for the 2D-ferroelectric SnSe on graphene/Ir(111). Nanotechnology 2024; 35:175707. [PMID: 38253004 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Epitaxial growth is a versatile method to prepare two-dimensional van der Waals ferroelectrics like group IV monochalcogenides which have potential for novel electronic devices and sensors. We systematically study SnSe monolayer islands grown by molecular beam epitaxy, especially the effect of annealing temperature on shape and morphology of the edges. Characterization of the samples by scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that the shape of the islands changes from fractal-dendritic after deposition at room temperature to a compact rhombic shape through annealing, but ripening processes are absent up to the desorption temperature. A two-step growth process leads to large, epitaxially aligned rhombic islands bounded by well-defined110-edges (armchair-like), which we claim to be the equilibrium shape of the stoichiometric SnSe monolayer islands. The relaxation of the energetically favorable edges is detected in atomically resolved STM images. The experimental findings are supported by the results of our first-principles calculations, which provide insights into the energetics of the edges, their reconstructions, and yields the equilibrium shapes of the islands which are in good agreement with the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aleksa
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Ghorbani-Asl
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Iqbal
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - M A Martuza
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bremerich
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - D Wilks
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - J Cai
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - T Chagas
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - R Ohmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - A Krasheninnikov
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - C Busse
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, D-57072 Siegen, Germany
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Barman S, Pal A, Mukherjee A, Paul S, Datta A, Ghosh S. Supramolecular Organic Ferroelectric Materials from Donor-Acceptor Systems. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303120. [PMID: 37941296 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic ferroelectric (FE) materials, though known for more than a century, are yet to reach close to the benchmark of inorganic or hybrid materials in terms of the magnitude of polarization. Amongst the different classes of organic systems, donor (D)-acceptor (A) charge-transfer (CT) complexes are recognized as promising for ferroelectricity owing to their neutral-to-ionic phase transition at low temperature. This review presents an overview of different supramolecular D-A systems that have been explored for FE phase transitions. The discussion begins with a general introduction of ferroelectricity and its different associated parameters. Then it moves on to show early examples of CT cocrystals that have shown FE properties at sub-ambient temperature. Subsequently, recent developments in the field of room temperature (RT) ferroelectricity, exhibited by H-bond-stabilized lock-arm supramolecular-ordering (LASO) in D-A co-crystals or other FE CT-crystals devoid of neutral-ionic phase transition are discussed. Then the discussion moves on to emerging reports on other D-A soft materials such as gel and foldable polymers; finally it shows very recent developments in ferroelectricity in supramolecular assemblies of single-component dipolar or ambipolar π-systems, exhibiting intra-molecular charge transfer. The effects of structural nuances such as H-bonding, balanced charge transfer and chirality on the observed ferroelectricity is described with the available examples. Finally, piezoelectricity in recently reported ambipolar ADA-type systems are discussed to highlight the future potential of these soft materials in micropower energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Barman
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Aritri Pal
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Anurag Mukherjee
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Swadesh Paul
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Anuja Datta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
- Technical Research Center, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
- Technical Research Center, Indian Association for Cultivation of Science, 2 A and 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, 700032, Kolkata, India
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Fathipour M, Xu Y, Rana M. Magnetron-Sputtered Lead Titanate Thin Films for Pyroelectric Applications: Part 2-Electrical Characteristics and Characterization Methods. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:589. [PMID: 38591476 PMCID: PMC10856648 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyroelectric materials are naturally electrically polarized and exhibits a built-in spontaneous polarization in their unit cell structure even in the absence of any externally applied electric field. These materials are regarded as one of the ideal detector elements for infrared applications because they have a fast response time and uniform sensitivity at room temperature across all wavelengths. Crystals of the perovskite lead titanate (PbTiO3) family show pyroelectric characteristics and undergo structural phase transitions. They have a high Curie temperature (the temperature at which the material changes from the ferroelectric (polar) to the paraelectric (nonpolar) phase), high pyroelectric coefficient, high spontaneous polarization, low dielectric constant, and constitute important component materials not only useful for infrared detection, but also with vast applications in electronic, optic, and MEMS devices. However, the preparation of large perfect and pure single crystals PbTiO3 is challenging. Additionally, difficulties arise in the application of such bulk crystals in terms of connection to processing circuits, large size, and high voltages required for their operation. In this part of the review paper, we explain the electrical behavior and characterization techniques commonly utilized to unravel the pyroelectric properties of lead titanate and its derivatives. Further, it explains how the material preparation techniques affect the electrical characteristics of resulting thin films. It also provides an in-depth discussion of the measurement of pyroelectric coefficients using different techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Fathipour
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences & Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - Yanan Xu
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
| | - Mukti Rana
- Division of Physics, Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Sciences & Optical Science Center for Applied Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA;
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9
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Cervasio R, Amzallag E, Verseils M, Hemme P, Brubach JB, Infante IC, Segantini G, Rojo Romeo P, Coati A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Resta A, Vilquin B, Creuze J, Roy P. Quantification of Crystalline Phases in Hf 0.5Zr 0.5O 2 Thin Films through Complementary Infrared Spectroscopy and Ab Initio Supercell Simulations. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:3829-3840. [PMID: 38214484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for thinner and more efficient ferroelectric devices, Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) has emerged as a potential ultrathin and lead-free ferroelectric material. Indeed, when deposited on a TiN electrode, 1-25 nm thick HZO exhibits excellent ferroelectricity capability, allowing the prospective miniaturization of capacitors and transistor devices. To investigate the origin of ferroelectricity in HZO thin films, we conducted a far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopic study on 5 HZO films with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 52 nm, both within and out of the ferroelectric thickness range where ferroelectric properties are observed. Based on X-ray diffraction, these HZO films are estimated to contain various proportions of monoclinic (m-), tetragonal (t-), and polar orthorhombic (polar o-) phases, while only the 11, 17, and 21 nm thick are expected to include a higher amount of polar o-phase. We coupled the HZO infrared measurements with DFT simulations for these m-, t-, and polar o-crystallographic structures. The approach used was based on the supercell method, which combines all possible Hf/Zr mixed atomic sites in the solid solution. The excellent agreement between measured and simulated spectra allows assigning most bands and provides infrared signatures for the various HZO structures, including the polar orthorhombic form. Beyond pure assignment of bands, the DFT IR spectra averaging using a mix of different compositions (e.g., 70% polar o-phase +30% m-phase) of HZO DFT crystal phases allows quantification of the percentage of different structures inside the different HZO film thicknesses. Regarding the experimental data analysis, we used the spectroscopic data to perform a Kramers-Kronig constrained variational fit to extract the optical functions of the films using a Drude-Lorentz-based model. We found that the ferroelectric films could be described using a set of about 7 oscillators, which results in static dielectric constants in good agreement with theoretical values and previously reported ones for HfO2-doped ferroelectric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cervasio
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Amzallag
- ICMMO/SP2M, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat. 670 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay-F, France
| | - Marine Verseils
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Hemme
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Blaise Brubach
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Ingrid Cañero Infante
- Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon, CNRS UMR5270 ECL INSA UCBL CPE, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Greta Segantini
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (UMR5270/CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Pedro Rojo Romeo
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (UMR5270/CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alina Vlad
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Bertrand Vilquin
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (UMR5270/CNRS), Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Creuze
- ICMMO/SP2M, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat. 670 Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay-F, France
| | - Pascale Roy
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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10
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Ma S, Liu Z, Gao C, Lin H, Xiang W, Chen J, Wang S, Li R, Mi W, Li Z, Yu Y, Zhang J, Hu B, Xie Y. Polar Organic Charge-Transfer Complex of the Asymmetrical Component for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Wearable Sensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:2583-2592. [PMID: 38173080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Organic piezomaterials have attracted much attention because of their easy processing, lightweight, and mechanic flexibility properties. Developing new smart organic piezomaterials is highly required for new-generation electronic applications. Here, we found a novel organic piezomaterial of organic charge-transfer complex (CTC) consisting of dibenzcarbazole analogue (DBCz) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in the molecular-level heterojunction stacking mode. The DBCz-TCNQ complex exhibited ferroelectric properties (the saturated polarization of ∼1.23 μC/cm2) at room temperature with a low coercive field. The noncentrosymmetric alignment (Pc space group) led to a spontaneous polarization of this architecture and thus was the origin of the piezoelectric behavior. Lateral piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) based on the thermal evaporated CTC thin-film exhibited significant energy conversion behavior under mechanical agitation with a calculated piezoelectric coefficient (d31) of ∼33 pC/N. Furthermore, such a binary CTC thin-film constructed single-electrode PENG could show steady-state sensing performance to external stimuli as this flexible wearable device precisely detected physiological signals (e.g., finger bending, blink movement, carotid artery, etc.) with a self-powered supply. This work provides that the polar CTCs can act as efficient piezomaterials for flexible energy harvesting, conversion, and wearable sensing devices with a self-powered supply, enabling great potential in healthcare, motion detection, human-machine interfaces, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chenchen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huang Lin
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wenxin Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Level 2, Building 32, Beiyangyuan Campus Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Mi
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Level 2, Building 32, Beiyangyuan Campus Tianjin University, No. 135, Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300354, P. R. China
| | - Zebin Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Benlin Hu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yannan Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Kochervinskii VV, Buryanskaya EL, Osipkov AS, Ryzhenko DS, Kiselev DA, Lokshin BV, Zvyagina AI, Kirakosyan GA. The Domain and Structural Characteristics of Ferroelectric Copolymers Based on Vinylidene Fluoride Copolymer with Tetrafluoroethylene Composition (94/6). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:233. [PMID: 38257032 PMCID: PMC10820473 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents data on the macroscopic polarization of copolymer films of vinylidene fluoride with tetrafluoroethylene obtained with a modified apparatus assembled according to the Sawyer-Tower Circuit. The kinetics of the polarization process were analyzed taking into consideration the contributions of both bound and quasi-free (impurity) charges. It was shown that an "abnormal" decrease in conductivity was observed in fields near the coercive fields. This could be associated with the appearance of deep traps of the impurity charge carriers formed by the polar planes of β-phase crystals. The conductivity data obtained from the charge and current responses differed. It was concluded that chain segments contributing to polarization with sufficiently low fields were present in the amorphous phase. A comparison showed that the average size of β-phase crystals (crystals of X-ray diffraction reflection width) was almost one order of magnitude lower than the domain size obtained using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The analysis of the fast-stage dielectric response before and after polarization indicated that as the external polarizing field increased in the ferroelectric polymer chains, conformational transitions occurred according to the T3GT3G- → (-TT-)n и TGTG → (-TT-)n types. This was accompanied by an increase in the effective dipole moment in the amorphous phase chains. The analysis of the IR spectroscopy data obtained in transmission and ATR modes revealed a difference in the conformational states of the chains in the core and surface parts of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V. Kochervinskii
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 141005 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.O.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Evgeniya L. Buryanskaya
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 141005 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.O.); (D.S.R.)
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey S. Osipkov
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 141005 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.O.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Dmitriy S. Ryzhenko
- Laboratory of Technologies of Polymer Ferroelectrics, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 141005 Moscow, Russia; (A.S.O.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kiselev
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Boris V. Lokshin
- Division of Physical-Chemical Research Methods, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Aleksandra I. Zvyagina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.Z.); (G.A.K.)
| | - Gayane A. Kirakosyan
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.Z.); (G.A.K.)
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Alkali and Rare Metals, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Qiao WC, Qiao H, Wang XL, Xu H, Xu F, Sun Z, Gao H, Yao YF. Ferroelectricity and Thermochromism in a 2D Dion-Jacobson Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite. Small 2023:e2310529. [PMID: 38148294 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
2D organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have become one of the hottest research topics due to their excellent environmental stability and unique optoelectronic properties. Recently, the ferroelectricity and thermochromism of 2D OIHPs have attracted increasing interests. Integrating ferroelectricity and thermochromism into perovskites can significantly promote the development of multichannel intelligent devices. Here, a novel 2D Dion-Jacobson OIHP of the formula (3AMP)PbI4 (where 3AMP is 3-(aminomethyl)pyridinium) is reported, which has a remarkable spontaneous polarization value (Ps) of 15.6 µC cm-2 and interesting thermochromism. As far it is known, such a large Ps value is the highest for 2D OIHPs recorded so far. These findings will inspire further exploration and application of multifunctional perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Qiao
- Oujiang Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Testing Technology, Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Qiao
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lu Wang
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Fanchen Xu
- Institute of Metabonomics and Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory, Innovation Academy of Testing Technology, Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
- Institute of Metabonomics and Medical NMR, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
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13
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Krizman G, Zakusylo T, Sajeev L, Hajlaoui M, Takashiro T, Rosmus M, Olszowska N, Kołodziej JJ, Bauer G, Caha O, Springholz G. A Novel Ferroelectric Rashba Semiconductor. Adv Mater 2023:e2310278. [PMID: 38100676 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fast, reversible, and low-power manipulation of the spin texture is crucial for next generation spintronic devices like non-volatile bipolar memories, switchable spin current injectors or spin field effect transistors. Ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors (FERSC) are the ideal class of materials for the realization of such devices. Their ferroelectric character enables an electronic control of the Rashba-type spin texture by means of the reversible and switchable polarization. Yet, only very few materials are established to belong to this class of multifunctional materials. Here, Pb1- x Gex Te is unraveled as a novel FERSC system down to nanoscale. The ferroelectric phase transition and concomitant lattice distortion are demonstrated by temperature dependent X-ray diffraction, and their effect on electronic properties are measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. In few nanometer-thick epitaxial heterostructures, a large Rashba spin-splitting is exhibiting a wide tuning range as a function of temperature and Ge content. This work defines Pb1- x Gex Te as a high-potential FERSC system for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Krizman
- Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Tetiana Zakusylo
- Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Lakshmi Sajeev
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Mahdi Hajlaoui
- Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Takuya Takashiro
- Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Marcin Rosmus
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, Krakow, 30-392, Poland
| | - Natalia Olszowska
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, Krakow, 30-392, Poland
| | - Jacek J Kołodziej
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, Krakow, 30-392, Poland
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Ul. Prof. Stanislawa Lojasiewizca 11, Krakow, 30-348, Poland
| | - Günther Bauer
- Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Ondrej Caha
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Gunther Springholz
- Institut für Halbleiter und Festkörperphysik, Johannes Kepler Universität, Altenberger Strasse 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
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14
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Lupi E, Wexler RB, Meyers D, Zahradnik A, Jiang Y, Susarla S, Ramesh R, Martin LW, Rappe AM. Engineering Relaxor Behavior in (BaTiO 3 ) n /(SrTiO 3 ) n Superlattices. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2302012. [PMID: 37433562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Complex-oxide superlattices provide a pathway to numerous emergent phenomena because of the juxtaposition of disparate properties and the strong interfacial interactions in these unit-cell-precise structures. This is particularly true in superlattices of ferroelectric and dielectric materials, wherein new forms of ferroelectricity, exotic dipolar textures, and distinctive domain structures can be produced. Here, relaxor-like behavior, typically associated with the chemical inhomogeneity and complexity of solid solutions, is observed in (BaTiO3 )n /(SrTiO3 )n (n = 4-20 unit cells) superlattices. Dielectric studies and subsequent Vogel-Fulcher analysis show significant frequency dispersion of the dielectric maximum across a range of periodicities, with enhanced dielectric constant and more robust relaxor behavior for smaller period n. Bond-valence molecular-dynamics simulations predict the relaxor-like behavior observed experimentally, and interpretations of the polar patterns via 2D discrete-wavelet transforms in shorter-period superlattices suggest that the relaxor behavior arises from shape variations of the dipolar configurations, in contrast to frozen antipolar stripe domains in longer-period superlattices (n = 16). Moreover, the size and shape of the dipolar configurations are tuned by superlattice periodicity, thus providing a definitive design strategy to use superlattice layering to create relaxor-like behavior which may expand the ability to control desired properties in these complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lupi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Robert B Wexler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Derek Meyers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Anton Zahradnik
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6323, USA
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15
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Li X, Wang Z, Ji W, Lu T, You J, Wang K, Liu G, Liu Y, Wang L. Polarization Alignment in Polycrystalline BiFeO 3 Photoelectrodes for Tunable Band Bending. ACS Nano 2023; 17:22944-22951. [PMID: 37947409 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarization in a semiconductor can modulate the band bending via the depolarization electric field (EdP), subsequently tuning the charge separation and transfer (CST) process in photoelectrodes. However, the random orientation of dipole moments in many polycrystalline semiconductor photoelectrodes leads to negligible polarization effect. How to effectively align the dipole moments in polycrystalline photoelectrodes into the same direction to maximize the polarization is still to be developed. Herein, we report that the dipole moments in a ferroelectric BiFeO3 photoelectrode can be controlled under external poling, resulting in a tunable CST efficiency. A negative bias of -40 voltage (V) poling to the photoelectrode leads to an over 110% increase of the CST efficiency, while poling at +40 V, the CST efficiency is reduced to only 41% of the original value. Furthermore, a nearly linear relationship between the external poling voltage and surface potential is discovered. The findings here provide an effective method in tuning the band bending and charge transfer of the emerging ferroelectricity driven solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Li
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Ji
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Teng Lu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jiakang You
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kai Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- WA School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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16
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Das B, Baek S, Niu J, Jang C, Lee Y, Lee S. Artificial Visual Systems Fabricated with Ferroelectric van der Waals Heterostructure for In-Memory Computing Applications. ACS Nano 2023; 17:21297-21306. [PMID: 37882177 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapid developments in artificial neural network techniques and retina-inspired artificial visual systems are required to realize the sensing, processing, and memorization of an optical signal in a single device. Herein, a ferroelectric field-effect transistor fabricated with CuInP2S6 and α-In2Se3 van der Waals heterostructures is proposed and demonstrated for the development of an artificial visual system. The dipole polarizations are coupled and bidirectionally locked inside the ferroelectric α-In2Se3 along the in-plane and out-of-plane directions and are controlled by the gate voltages. Furthermore, light-induced polarization can change the order of polarization of the dipoles inside α-In2Se3. We demonstrate that using the combined control of these electrical and optical signals, the device may function like a retina-inspired vision system. The device can operate across a wide wavelength range (405-850 nm) and detect very low incident light (0.03 mW/cm2). Color recognition, high paired-pulse facilitation (∼170%), and short- to long-term memory transitions through quick learning are observed using this device. Additionally, this device demonstrates different complex processing abilities, including pattern recognition, light adaptation, optical logic operation, and event learning. The proposed ferroelectric heterostructure-based artificial visual system can serve as an essential bridge for fulfilling the future requirements of all-in-one sensing and memory-processing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Das
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sungpyo Baek
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jingjie Niu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Cheolhwa Jang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yoonmyung Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sungjoo Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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17
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Ram A, Maity K, Marchand C, Mahmoudi A, Kshirsagar AR, Soliman M, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Doudin B, Ouerghi A, Reichardt S, O'Connor I, Dayen JF. Reconfigurable Multifunctional van der Waals Ferroelectric Devices and Logic Circuits. ACS Nano 2023; 17:21865-21877. [PMID: 37864568 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Emerging reconfigurable devices are fast gaining popularity in the search for next-generation computing hardware, while ferroelectric engineering of the doping state in semiconductor materials has the potential to offer alternatives to traditional von-Neumann architecture. In this work, we combine these concepts and demonstrate the suitability of reconfigurable ferroelectric field-effect transistors (Re-FeFETs) for designing nonvolatile reconfigurable logic-in-memory circuits with multifunctional capabilities. Modulation of the energy landscape within a homojunction of a 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe2) layer is achieved by independently controlling two split-gate electrodes made of a ferroelectric 2D copper indium thiophosphate (CuInP2S6) layer. Controlling the state encoded in the program gate enables switching between p, n, and ambipolar FeFET operating modes. The transistors exhibit on-off ratios exceeding 106 and hysteresis windows of up to 10 V width. The homojunction can change from Ohmic-like to diode behavior with a large rectification ratio of 104. When programmed in the diode mode, the large built-in p-n junction electric field enables efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, making the device attractive for energy-harvesting applications. The implementation of the Re-FeFET for reconfigurable logic functions shows how a circuit can be reconfigured to emulate either polymorphic ferroelectric NAND/AND logic-in-memory or electronic XNOR logic with a long retention time exceeding 104 s. We also illustrate how a circuit design made of just two Re-FeFETs exhibits high logic expressivity with reconfigurability at runtime to implement several key nonvolatile 2-input logic functions. Moreover, the Re-FeFET circuit demonstrates high compactness, with an up to 80% reduction in transistor count compared to standard CMOS design. The 2D van de Waals Re-FeFET devices therefore exhibit promising potential for both More-than-Moore and beyond-Moore future of electronics, in particular for an energy-efficient implementation of in-memory computing and machine learning hardware, due to their multifunctionality and design compactness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Ram
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Krishna Maity
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cédric Marchand
- École Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully 69134, France
| | - Aymen Mahmoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aseem Rajan Kshirsagar
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg 1511, Luxembourg
| | - Mohamed Soliman
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Bernard Doudin
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Abdelkarim Ouerghi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sven Reichardt
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg 1511, Luxembourg
| | - Ian O'Connor
- École Centrale de Lyon, 36 Avenue Guy de Collongue, Ecully 69134, France
| | - Jean-Francois Dayen
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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18
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Liao WQ, Zeng YL, Tang YY, Xu YQ, Huang XY, Yu H, Lv HP, Chen XG, Xiong RG. Dual Breaking of Molecular Orbitals and Spatial Symmetry in an Optically Controlled Ferroelectric. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305471. [PMID: 37607776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
As particles carry quantified energy, photon radiation enables orbital transitions of energy levels, leading to changes in the spin state of electrons. The resulting switchable structural bistability may bring a new paradigm for manipulating ferroelectric polarization. However, the studies on molecular orbital breaking in the ferroelectric field remain blank. Here, for the first time, a new mechanism of ferroelectrics-dual breaking of molecular orbitals and spatial symmetry, demonstrated in a photochromic organic crystal with light-induced polarization switching, is formally proposed. By alternating the ultraviolet/visible light irradiation, the states of electron spin and the radial distribution p atomic orbitals experience a change, showing a reversible switch from "shoulder-to-shoulder" form to a "head-to-head" form. This reflects a reversible conversion between π and σ bonds, which induces and couples with the variation of spatial symmetry. The intersection of spatial symmetry breaking and molecular orbital breaking in ferroelectrics present in this work will be more conducive to data encryption and anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Zeng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qiu Xu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Huang
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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19
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Luo J, Tian G, Zhang DG, Zhang XC, Lu ZN, Zhang ZD, Cai JW, Zhong YN, Xu JL, Gao X, Wang SD. Voltage-Mode Ferroelectric Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:48452-48461. [PMID: 37802499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials with a modulable polarization extent hold promise for exploring voltage-driven neuromorphic hardware, in which direct current flow can be minimized. Utilizing a single active layer of an insulating ferroelectric polymer, we developed a voltage-mode ferroelectric synapse that can continuously and reversibly update its states. The device states are straightforwardly manifested in the form of variable output voltage, enabling large-scale direct cascading of multiple ferroelectric synapses to build a deep physical neural network. Such a neural network based on potential superposition rather than current flow is analogous to the biological counterpart driven by action potentials in the brain. A high accuracy of over 97% for the simulation of handwritten digit recognition is achieved using the voltage-mode neural network. The controlled ferroelectric polarization, revealed by piezoresponse force microscopy, turns out to be responsible for the synaptic weight updates in the ferroelectric synapses. The present work demonstrates an alternative strategy for the design and construction of emerging artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Luo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guo Tian
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ding-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Chen Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Ni Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Da Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Cai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Long Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Gao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Sui-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao 999078, P. R. China
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20
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Kremer G, Mahmoudi A, M'Foukh A, Bouaziz M, Rahimi M, Della Rocca ML, Le Fèvre P, Dayen JF, Bertran F, Matzen S, Pala M, Chaste J, Oehler F, Ouerghi A. Quantum Confinement and Electronic Structure at the Surface of van der Waals Ferroelectric α-In 2Se 3. ACS Nano 2023; 17:18924-18931. [PMID: 37585336 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric (FE) materials are promising compounds for next-generation nonvolatile memories due to their low energy consumption and high endurance. Among them, α-In2Se3 has drawn particular attention due to its in- and out-of-plane ferroelectricity, whose robustness has been demonstrated down to the monolayer limit. This is a relatively uncommon behavior since most bulk FE materials lose their ferroelectric character at the 2D limit due to the depolarization field. Using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we unveil another unusual 2D phenomenon appearing in 2H α-In2Se3 single crystals, the occurrence of a highly metallic two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the surface of vacuum-cleaved crystals. This 2DEG exhibits two confined states, which correspond to an electron density of approximately 1013 electrons/cm2, also confirmed by thermoelectric measurements. Combination of ARPES and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveals a direct band gap of energy equal to 1.3 ± 0.1 eV, with the bottom of the conduction band localized at the center of the Brillouin zone, just below the Fermi level. Such strong n-type doping further supports the quantum confinement of electrons and the formation of the 2DEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Kremer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Campus ARTEM, 2 allée André Guinier, BP 50840, 54011 Nancy, France
| | - Aymen Mahmoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Adel M'Foukh
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Meryem Bouaziz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Mehrdad Rahimi
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maria Luisa Della Rocca
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Le Fèvre
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, F-91190 Saint-Aubin,France
| | - Jean-Francois Dayen
- Université de Strasbourg, IPCMS-CNRS UMR 7504, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - François Bertran
- SOLEIL Synchrotron, L'Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 128, F-91190 Saint-Aubin,France
| | - Sylvia Matzen
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Marco Pala
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Julien Chaste
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabrice Oehler
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdelkarim Ouerghi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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21
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Dan S, Chakraborty R, Pal AJ. Pyro-Phototronic Effect in All-Inorganic Two-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Ferroelectric Perovskite Thin-films and Photodetection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:45083-45094. [PMID: 37698844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric perovskites, where ferroelectricity is embedded in the structure, are being considered for different device applications. In this study, we introduce Cs2PbI2Cl2, an all-inorganic 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide perovskite, as a ferroelectric material suitable for pyro-phototronic applications. Thin-films of the all-inorganic perovskite are successfully cast, and they demonstrate ferroelectric properties. Unlike hybrid materials, the ferroelectricity in Cs2PbI2Cl2 does not rely on the organic moiety possessing an electric dipole moment. Instead, the 2D-layer-forming octahedra are twisted and tilted due to a distortion in the bond lengths, leading to the emergence of spontaneous electric polarization. Based on the properties, we fabricate p-i-n heterojunctions by integrating the perovskite with carrier-transport layers. To determine the band-energies of the materials, scanning tunneling spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy are employed. The band-edges evidence a type-II band-alignment at both interfaces, enabling the material to exhibit both photovoltaic and pyroelectric behaviors when subjected to pulsed illumination. The devices based on the all-inorganic RP perovskite developed in this study exhibit pyro-phototronic effects and serve as self-powered photodetectors without any need for an external bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soirik Dan
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Amlan J Pal
- School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
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22
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Zhou S, Liao L, Chen L, Feng B, He X, Bai X, Song C, Wu K. Ferroelectricity in Epitaxial Perovskite Oxide Bi 2WO 6 Films with One-Unit-Cell Thickness. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7838-7844. [PMID: 37590032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Retaining ferroelectricity in ultrathin films or nanostructures is crucial for miniaturizing ferroelectric devices, but it is a challenging task due to intrinsic depolarization and size effects. In this study, we have shown that it is possible to stably maintain in-plane polarization in an extremely thin, one-unit-cell thick epitaxial Bi2WO6 film. The use of a perfectly lattice-matched NdGaO3 (110) substrate for the Bi2WO6 film minimizes strain and enhances stability. We attribute the residual polarization in this ultrathin film to the crystal stability of the Bi-O octahedral framework against structural distortions. Our findings suggest that ferroelectricity can surpass the critical thickness limit through proper strain engineering, and the Bi2WO6/NdGaO3 (110) system presents a potential platform for designing low-energy consumption, nonvolatile ferroelectric memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhou
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyue He
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuangye Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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23
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Zhang H, Alanthattil A, Webster RF, Zhang D, Ghasemian MB, Venkataramana RB, Seidel J, Sharma P. Robust Switchable Polarization and Coupled Electronic Characteristics of Magnesium-Doped Zinc Oxide. ACS Nano 2023; 17:17148-17157. [PMID: 37656004 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics possess a spontaneous polarization that is switchable by an electric field and is critical for the development of low-energy nanoelectronics and neuromorphic applications. However, apart from a few recent developments, the realization of switchable polarization in metal oxides with simpler structures has been a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate the presence of robust switchable polarization at the level of a single nanocrystallite in magnesium-doped zinc oxide thin films with polar wurtzite crystal structures. Using a combination of high-resolution scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopic techniques, voltage control of the polarization and the coupled electronic transport behavior revealing a giant resistance change of approximately 10000% is unveiled. Time- and frequency-resolved nanoscale measurements provide key insights into the polarization phenomenon and a 9-fold increase in the effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient. Our work thus constitutes a crucial step toward validating nanoscale ferroelectricity in polar wurtzites for use in advanced nanoelectronics and memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoze Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ayana Alanthattil
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Richard F Webster
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rajendra B Venkataramana
- Department of Physics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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24
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Yao CJ, Xun W, Yu M, Hao X, Zhong JL, Gu H, Wu YZ. Tailoring angle dependent ferroelectricity in nanoribbons of group-IV monochalcogenides. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:495301. [PMID: 37652037 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acf5ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectricity is significant in low dimensional structures due to the potential applications in multifunctional nanodevices. In this work, the tailoring angle dependent ferroelectricity is systematically investigated for the nanoribbons and nanowires of puckered group-IV monochalcogenides MX (M =Ge,Sn; X =S,Se). Based on first-principles calculations, it is found that the ferroelectricity of nanoribbon and nanowire strongly depends on the tailoring angle. Firstly, the critical width for the bare nanoribbon of group-IV monochalcogenide is obtained and discussed. As the nanowires are concerned, the ferroelectricity will disappear when the tailoring angle becomes small. At last, H-passivation on the edge and the strain engineering are employed to improve the ferroelectricity of nanoribbon, and it is obtained that H-passivation is beneficial to the enhancement of polarization for nanoribbons tailored near the armchair direction, while the polarization of nanoribbons tailored along the diagonal direction will decrease when the edges are passivated with H atoms, and the tensile strain along the length direction always favors the improvement of ferroelectricity of the considered nanoribbons. Therefore, tailoring angle has great influence on the ferroelectricity of nanoribbons and nanowires, which may be used as an effective way to tune the ferroelectricity and further the electronic structures of nanostructures in the field of nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xun
- Faculty of Electronic Information Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Zhong
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
- Semiconductor Sensor and Microelectronic System TEKISM United Laboratory, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Gu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Zhong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, and School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
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25
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Islam MR, Schönweger G, Wolff N, Petraru A, Kohlstedt H, Fichtner S, Kienle L. A Comparative Study of Pt/Al 0.72Sc 0.28N/Pt-Based Thin-Film Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal Capacitors on GaN and Si Substrates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41606-41613. [PMID: 37610983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
AlxSc1-xN is a nitride-ferroelectric compatible with both CMOS and GaN technology. The origin of ferroelectricity in these ternary nitrides relies on the full inversion of nitrogen atom positions, which is a significantly different structural mechanism than conventional perovskites. Therefore, its ferroelectric characteristics exhibit a high remanent polarization and a tunable coercive field but suffer heavily from leakage currents during the switching event. In this article, we studied epitaxially grown Al0.72Sc0.28N thin films on epitaxial Pt electrode layers deposited on GaN/Al2O3 substrates. The results are compared both structurally and electrically with similar systems on SiO2/Si substrates. Our X-ray diffraction analysis showed that Al0.72Sc0.28N/epi-Pt/GaN is always a complete epitaxial stack without any significant strain gradient. Electrically, this system has an overall lower leakage current and coercive field compared to directly grown, highly crystalline, strained epitaxial Al0.72Sc0.28N/GaN, despite having a lower crystalline quality of the ferroelectric layer. In addition, decreasing the epi-Pt thickness from 100 to 10 nm resulted in further improvement of the leakage profile, which we attribute to a decrease in surface roughness in the thinner Pt. In contrast, the dominant factor of leakage in a fiber-textured system on Si substrates is the Pt(111) texture. Finally, with the combination of in-plane X-ray diffraction and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we have demonstrated an all-epitaxial 20 nm Al0.72Sc0.28N/Pt/GaN MFM stack with a sharp interface thickness of less than 1 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Redwanul Islam
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Material Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Schönweger
- Nanoelectronics, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology (ISIT), Fraunhoferstraße 1, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Niklas Wolff
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Material Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Adrian Petraru
- Nanoelectronics, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hermann Kohlstedt
- Nanoelectronics, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Information Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Fichtner
- Microsystems and Technology Transfer, Institute for Material Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology (ISIT), Fraunhoferstraße 1, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Lorenz Kienle
- Synthesis and Real Structure, Institute for Material Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
- Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Kiel University, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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26
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Wang K, Li D, Wang J, Hao Y, Anderson H, Yang L, Hong X. Interface-Tuning of Ferroelectricity and Quadruple-Well State in CuInP 2S 6 via Ferroelectric Oxide. ACS Nano 2023; 17:15787-15795. [PMID: 37552805 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric van der Waals CuInP2S6 possesses intriguing quadruple-well states and negative piezoelectricity. Its technological implementation has been impeded by the relatively low Curie temperature (bulk TC ∼ 42 °C) and the lack of precise domain control. Here we show that CuInP2S6 can be immune to the finite size effect and exhibits enhanced ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and polar alignment in the ultrathin limit when it is interfaced with ferroelectric oxide PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 films. Piezoresponse force microscopy studies reveal that the polar domains in thin CuInP2S6 fully conform to those of the underlying PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3, where the piezoelectric coefficient changes sign and increases sharply with reducing thickness. High temperature in situ domain imaging points to a significantly enhanced TC of >200 °C for 13 nm CuInP2S6 on PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3. Density functional theory modeling and Monte Carlo simulations show that the enhanced polar alignment and TC can be attributed to interface-mediated structure distortion in CuInP2S6. Our study provides an effective material strategy to engineer the polar properties of CuInP2S6 for flexible nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Du Li
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Yifei Hao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Hailey Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Xia Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy & Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0299, United States
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27
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Liang J, Yang D, Xiao Y, Chen S, Dadap JI, Rottler J, Ye Z. Shear Strain-Induced Two-Dimensional Slip Avalanches in Rhombohedral MoS 2. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7228-7235. [PMID: 37358360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Slip avalanches are ubiquitous phenomena occurring in three-dimensional materials under shear strain, and their study contributes immensely to our understanding of plastic deformation, fragmentation, and earthquakes. So far, little is known about the role of shear strain in two-dimensional (2D) materials. Here we show some evidence of 2D slip avalanches in exfoliated rhombohedral MoS2, triggered by shear strain near the threshold level. Utilizing interfacial polarization in 3R-MoS2, we directly probe the stacking order in multilayer flakes and discover a wide variety of polarization domains with sizes following a power-law distribution. These findings suggest that slip avalanches can occur during the exfoliation of 2D materials, and the stacking orders can be changed via shear strain. Our observation has far-reaching implications for the development of new materials and technologies, where precise control over the atomic structure of these materials is essential for optimizing their properties as well as for our understanding of fundamental physical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Dongyang Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yunhuan Xiao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sean Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jerry I Dadap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Joerg Rottler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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28
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Liu JC, Ai Y, Liu Q, Zeng YP, Chen XG, Lv HP, Xiong RG, Liao WQ. Solid-Liquid Crystal Biphasic Ferroelectrics with Tunable Bi ferroelectricity. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2302436. [PMID: 37202898 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectricity has been separately found in numerous solid and liquid crystal materials since its first discovery in 1920. However, a single material with biferroelectricity existing in both solid and liquid crystal phases is very rare, and the regulation of biferroelectricity has never been studied. Here, solid-liquid crystal biphasic ferroelectrics, cholestanyl 4-X-benzoate (4X-CB, X = Cl, Br, and I), which exhibits biferroelectricity in both the solid and liquid crystal phases, is presented. It is noted that the ferroelectric liquid crystal phase of 4X-CB is a cholesteric one, distinct from the ordinary chiral smectic ferroelectric liquid crystal phase. Moreover, 4X-CB shows solid-solid and solid-liquid crystal phase transitions, of which the transition temperatures gradually increase from Cl to Br to I substitution. The spontaneous polarization (Ps ) of 4X-CB in both solid and liquid crystal phases can also be regulated by different halogen substitutions, where the 4Br-CB has the optimal Ps because of the larger molecular dipole moment. To the authors' knowledge, 4X-CB is the first ferroelectric with tunable biferroelectricity, which offers a feasible case for the performance optimization of solid-liquid crystal biphasic ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chao Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yong Ai
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qin Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Piao Zeng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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29
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Ai Y, Li P, Chen X, Lv H, Weng Y, Shi Y, Zhou F, Xiong R, Liao W. The First Ring Enlargement Induced Large Piezoelectric Response in a Polycrystalline Molecular Ferroelectric. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2302426. [PMID: 37328441 PMCID: PMC10460893 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic ferroelectrics have long dominated research and applications, taking advantage of high piezoelectric performance in bulk polycrystalline ceramic forms. Molecular ferroelectrics have attracted growing interest because of their environmental friendliness, easy processing, lightweight, and good biocompatibility, while realizing the considerable piezoelectricity in their bulk polycrystalline forms remains a great challenge. Herein, for the first time, through ring enlargement, a molecular ferroelectric 1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octonium perrhenate ([3.2.1-abco]ReO4 ) with a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 up to 118 pC/N in the polycrystalline pellet form is designed, which is higher than that of the parent 1-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanium perrhenate ([2.2.1-abch]ReO4 , 90 pC/N) and those of most molecular ferroelectrics in polycrystalline or even single crystal forms. The ring enlargement reduces the molecular strain for easier molecular deformation, which contributes to the higher piezoelectric response in [3.2.1-abco]ReO4 . This work opens up a new avenue for exploring high piezoelectric polycrystalline molecular ferroelectrics with great potential in piezoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ai
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Gang Chen
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Peng Lv
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Ran Weng
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Ren‐Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang UniversityNanchang330031P. R. China
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30
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Jiang F, Thangavel G, Zhou X, Adit G, Fu H, Lv J, Zhan L, Zhang Y, Lee PS. Ferroelectric Modulation in Flexible Lead-Free Perovskite Schottky Direct-Current Nanogenerator for Capsule-Like Magnetic Suspension Sensor. Adv Mater 2023:e2302815. [PMID: 37272692 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG), a promising semiconductor energy technology, displays outstanding advantages such as low matching impedance and continuous direct-current output. However, the lack of controllable and stable performance modulation strategies is still a major bottleneck that impedes further practical applications of TVNG. Herein, by leveraging the ferroelectricity-enhanced mechanism and the control of interfacial energy band bending, we construct a lead-free perovskite-based [3,3-difluorocyclobutylammonium]2 CuCl4 ((DF-CBA)2 CuCl4 )/Al Schottky junction TVNG. The multiaxial ferroelectricity of (DF-CBA)2 CuCl4 enables an excellent surface charge modulating capacity, realizing a high work function regulation of ∼ 0.7 eV and over 15-fold current regulation (from 6 μA to 93 μA) via an electrical poling control. The controllable electrical poling leads to elevated work function difference between Al electrode and (DF-CBA)2 CuCl4 compared to traditional semiconductors and halide perovskites, which creates a stronger built-in electric field at the Schottky interface to enhance the electrical output. This TVNG device exhibits outstanding flexibility and long-term stability (> 20000 cycles) that can endure extreme mechanical deformations, and can also be used in a capsule-like magnetic suspension device capable of detecting vibration and weights of different objects as well as harvesting energy from human motions and water waves. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of Tsinghua, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gurunathan Thangavel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xinran Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Gupta Adit
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hongbo Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liuxiang Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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31
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Zhong Z, Wu S, Li X, Wang Z, Yang Q, Huang B, Chen Y, Wang X, Lin T, Shen H, Meng X, Wang M, Shi W, Wang J, Chu J, Huang H. Robust Threshold-Switching Behavior Assisted by Cu Migration in a Ferroionic CuInP 2S 6 Heterostructure. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37186552 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional layered material CuInP2S6 (CIPS) has attracted significant research attention due to its nontrivial physical properties, including room-temperature ferroelectricity at the ultrathin limit and substantial ionic conductivity. Despite many efforts to control its ionic conductance and develop electronic devices, such as memristors, improving the stability of these devices remains a challenge. This work presents a highly stable threshold-switching device based on the Cu/CIPS/graphene heterostructure, achieved after a comprehensive investigation of the activation of Cu's ionic conductivity. The device exhibits exceptional threshold-switching performance, including good cycling endurance, a high on/off ratio of up to 104, low operation voltages, and an ultrasmall subthreshold swing of less than 1.8 mV/decade for the resistance-switching process. Through temperature-dependent electrical and Raman spectroscopy measurements, the stable resistive-switching mechanism is interpreted with a drifting and diffusion model of Cu ions under the electric field, rather than the conventional conducting filament mechanism. These results make the layered ferroionic CIPS material a promising candidate for information storage devices, demonstrating a compelling approach to achieving high-performance threshold-switching memristor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiqin Wu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangchi Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlu Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronic and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronic and Department of Material Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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32
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Qi Y, Jiang X, Su Y, Zhao J. Coexistence of Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism in Fullerene-Based One-Dimensional Chains. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2301265. [PMID: 37162210 PMCID: PMC10375193 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) magnetoelectric multiferroics are promising multifunctional materials for miniaturized sensors, actuators, and memories. However, 1D materials with both ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are quite rare. Herein, using first-principles calculations, a series of fullerene-based 1D chains, namely U2 C@C80 -M (M = Cr, Mn, Mo, and Ru) 1D chains with both ferroelectric (FE) and ferromagnetic (FM) properties is designed. Compared to individual U2 C@Ih (7)-C80 , the spontaneous polarization (Ps) in 1D chains is enhanced by about two to four times owing to the interaction between U2 C@Ih (7)-C80 fullerene and M (M = Cr, Mn, Mo, and Ru) atoms. Meanwhile, the introduction of transition metal atoms dopes electrons into U's 5f orbitals, leading to numerous intriguing magnetic properties, such as U2 C@C80 -Cr and U2 C@C80 -Mo as 1D ferromagnetic semiconductors, U2 C@C80 -Ru as 1D ferrimagnetic (FiM) semiconductor, and U2 C@C80 -Mn as 1D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor. Excitingly, it is found that magnetic ordering and electrical polarization can be modulated independently by linking different transition metal atoms. These findings not only broaden the range of 1D multiferroic materials, but also provide promising candidates for novel electronic and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qi
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, P. R. China
| | - Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis, Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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33
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Zheng W, Wang X, Zhang X, Chen B, Suo H, Xing Z, Wang Y, Wei HL, Chen J, Guo Y, Wang F. Emerging Halide Perovskite Ferroelectrics. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2205410. [PMID: 36517207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have gained tremendous attention in the past decade owing to their excellent properties in optoelectronics. Recently, a fascinating property, ferroelectricity, has been discovered in halide perovskites and quickly attracted widespread interest. Compared with traditional perovskite oxide ferroelectrics, halide perovskites display natural advantages such as structural softness, low weight, and easy processing, which are highly desirable in applications pursuing miniaturization and flexibility. This review focuses on the current research progress in halide perovskite ferroelectrics, encompassing the emerging materials systems and their potential applications in ferroelectric photovoltaics, self-powered photodetection, and X-ray detection. The main challenges and possible solutions in the future development of halide perovskite ferroelectric materials are also attempted to be pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiucai Wang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hao Suo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhifeng Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yanze Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Han-Lin Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiangkun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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34
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Crema APS, Istrate MC, Silva A, Lenzi V, Domingues L, Hill MO, Teodorescu VS, Ghica C, Gomes MJM, Pereira M, Marques L, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Silva JPB. Ferroelectric Orthorhombic ZrO 2 Thin Films Achieved Through Nanosecond Laser Annealing. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207390. [PMID: 36950722 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the stabilization of the ferroelectric orthorhombic ZrO2 films is demonstrated through nanosecond laser annealing (NLA) of as-deposited Si/SiOx /W(14 nm)/ZrO2 (8 nm)/W(22 nm), grown by ion beam sputtering at low temperatures. The NLA process optimization is guided by COMSOL multiphysics simulations. The films annealed under the optimized conditions reveal the presence of the orthorhombic phase, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Macroscopic polarization-electric field hysteresis loops show ferroelectric behavior, with saturation polarization of 12.8 µC cm-2 , remnant polarization of 12.7 µC cm-2 and coercive field of 1.2 MV cm-1 . The films exhibit a wake-up effect that is attributed to the migration of point defects, such as oxygen vacancies, and/or a transition from nonferroelectric (monoclinic and tetragonal phase) to the ferroelectric orthorhombic phase. The capacitors demonstrate a stable polarization with an endurance of 6.0 × 105 cycles, demonstrating the potential of the NLA process for the fabrication of ferroelectric memory devices with high polarization, low coercive field, and high cycling stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P S Crema
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Marian C Istrate
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Magurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Lab. of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials, 405A Atomistilor Str., Magurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania
| | - Alexandre Silva
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Veniero Lenzi
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Domingues
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Megan O Hill
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 OFS, United Kingdom
| | - Valentin S Teodorescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, Atomistilor 405, Magurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Lab. of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials, 405A Atomistilor Str., Magurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania
| | - Corneliu Ghica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Lab. of Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials, 405A Atomistilor Str., Magurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania
| | - Maria J M Gomes
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Mario Pereira
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Luís Marques
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Rd, Cambridge, CB3 OFS, United Kingdom
| | - José P B Silva
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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35
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Liu C, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang Z, Abdelwahab I, Verzhbitskiy I, Shao Y, Eda G, Sun W, Shen L, Loh KP. Ferroelectricity in Niobium Oxide Dihalides NbOX 2 (X = Cl, I): A Macroscopic- to Microscopic-Scale Study. ACS Nano 2023; 17:7170-7179. [PMID: 37036127 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2D materials with ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties are of interest for energy harvesting, memory storage and electromechanical systems. Here, we present a systematic study of the ferroelectric properties in NbOX2 (X = Cl, I) across different spatial scales. The in-plane ferroelectricity in NbOX2 was investigated using transport and piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) measurements, where it was observed that NbOCl2 has a stronger ferroelectric order than NbOI2. A high local field, exerted by both PFM and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips, was found to induce 1D collinear ferroelectric strips in NbOCl2. STM imaging reveals the unreconstructed atomic structures of NbOX2 surfaces, and scanning tunneling spectroscopy was used to probe the electronic states induced at defect (vacancy) sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xinyun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ivan Verzhbitskiy
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Wanxin Sun
- Bruker Nano Surface Division, 30 Biopolis Street 09-01, The Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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36
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Liu JC, Peng H, Chen XG, Lv HP, Song XJ, Xiong RG, Liao WQ. Fluorination Enables Dual Ferroelectricity in Both Solid- and Liquid-Crystal Phases. JACS Au 2023; 3:1196-1204. [PMID: 37124294 PMCID: PMC10131199 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials are a special type of polar substances, including solids or liquid crystals. However, obtaining a material to be ferroelectric in both its solid crystal (SC) and liquid crystal (LC) phases is a great challenge. Moreover, although cholesteric LCs inherently possess the advantage of high fluidity, their ferroelectricity remains unknown. Here, through the reasonable H/F substitution on the fourth position of the phenyl group of the parent nonferroelectric dihydrocholesteryl benzoate, we designed ferroelectric dihydrocholesteryl 4-fluorobenzoate (4-F-BDC), which shows ferroelectricity in both SC and cholesteric LC phases. The fluorination induces a lower symmetric polar P1 space group and a new solid-to-solid phase transition in 4-F-BDC. Beneficial from fluorination, the SC and cholesteric LC phases of 4-F-BDC show clear ferroelectricity, as confirmed by well-shaped polarization-voltage hysteresis loops. The dual ferroelectricity in both SC and cholesteric LC phases of a single material was rarely found. This work offers a viable case for the exploration of the interplay between ferroelectric SC and LC phases and provides an efficient approach for designing ferroelectrics with dual ferroelectricity and cholesteric ferroelectric liquid crystals.
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37
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Ding N, Yananose K, Rizza C, Fan FR, Dong S, Stroppa A. Magneto-optical Kerr Effect in Ferroelectric Antiferromagnetic Two-Dimensional Heterostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:22282-22290. [PMID: 37078781 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) of two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure CrI3/In2Se3/CrI3 using density functional theory calculations and symmetry analysis. The spontaneous polarization in the In2Se3 ferroelectric layer and the antiferromagnetic ordering in CrI3 layers break the mirror and the time-reversal symmetry, thus activating MOKE. We show that the Kerr angle can be reversed by either the polarization or the antiferromagnetic order parameter. Our results suggest that ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic 2D heterostructures could be exploited for ultracompact information storage devices, where the information is encoded by the two ferroelectric or the two time-reversed antiferromagnetic states and the read-out is performed optically by MOKE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21189, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunihiro Yananose
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Carlo Rizza
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Feng-Ren Fan
- Department of Physics and Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Dong
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 21189, People's Republic of China
| | - Alessandro Stroppa
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Superconducting and Innovative Materials and Devices (CNR-SPIN), University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
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38
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Li X, Zhong H, Lin T, Meng F, Gao A, Liu Z, Su D, Jin K, Ge C, Zhang Q, Gu L. Polarization Switching and Correlated Phase Transitions in Fluorite-Structure ZrO 2 Nanocrystals. Adv Mater 2023:e2207736. [PMID: 37044111 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional ferroelectricity in fluorite-structure oxides enables tremendous opportunities in nanoelectronics owing to their superior scalability and silicon compatibility. However, their polarization order and switching process remain elusive due to the challenges of visualizing oxygen ions in nanocrystalline films. In this work, the oxygen shifting during polarization switching and correlated polar-nonpolar phase transitions are directly captured among multiple metastable phases in freestanding ZrO2 thin films by low-dose integrated differential phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (iDPC-STEM). Bidirectional transitions between antiferroelectric and ferroelectric orders and interfacial polarization relaxation are clarified at unit-cell scale. Meanwhile, polarization switching is strongly correlated with Zr-O displacement in reversible martensitic transformation between monoclinic and orthorhombic phases and two-step tetrahedral-to-orthorhombic phase transition. These findings provide atomic insights into the transition pathways between metastable polymorphs and unravel the evolution of polarization orders in (anti)ferroelectric fluorite oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fanqi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ang Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuohui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Chen Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd., Liyang, 213300, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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39
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Zhao X, Menzel S, Polian I, Schmidt H, Du N. Review on Resistive Switching Devices Based on Multiferroic BiFeO 3. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1325. [PMID: 37110910 PMCID: PMC10142330 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive examination of the state-of-the-art research on resistive switching (RS) in BiFeO3 (BFO)-based memristive devices. By exploring possible fabrication techniques for preparing the functional BFO layers in memristive devices, the constructed lattice systems and corresponding crystal types responsible for RS behaviors in BFO-based memristive devices are analyzed. The physical mechanisms underlying RS in BFO-based memristive devices, i.e., ferroelectricity and valence change memory, are thoroughly reviewed, and the impact of various effects such as the doping effect, especially in the BFO layer, is evaluated. Finally, this review provides the applications of BFO devices and discusses the valid criteria for evaluating the energy consumption in RS and potential optimization techniques for memristive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyue Zhao
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (X.Z.)
- Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-7), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Str., 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Ilia Polian
- Institute of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Schmidt
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (X.Z.)
- Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Nan Du
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany; (X.Z.)
- Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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40
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Paranjape MV, Graham SA, Manchi P, Kurakula A, Yu JS. Multistage SrBaTiO 3 /PDMS Composite Film-Based Hybrid Nanogenerator for Efficient Floor Energy Harvesting Applications. Small 2023:e2300535. [PMID: 37009996 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators are an emerging energy-scavenging technology that can harvest kinetic energy from various mechanical moments into electricity. The energy generated while humans walk is the most commonly available biomechanical energy. Herein, a multistage consecutively-connected hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) is fabricated and combined with a flooring system (MCHCFS) to efficiently harvest mechanical energy while humans walk. Initially, the electrical output performance of the HNG is optimized by fabricating a prototype device using various strontium-doped barium titanate (Ba1- x Srx TiO3 , BST) microparticles loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films. The BST/PDMS composite film acts as a negative triboelectric layer that operates against aluminum. Single HNG operated in contact-separation mode could generate an electrical output of ≈280 V, ≈8.5 µA, and ≈90 µC m-2 . The stability and robustness of the fabricated HNG are confirmed and eight similar HNGs are assembled in a 3D-printed MCHCFS. The MCHCFS is specifically designed to distribute applied force on the single HNG to four nearby HNGs. The MCHCFS can be implemented in real-life floors with an enlarged surface area to harvest energy generated while humans walk into direct current electrical output. The MCHCFS is demonstrated as a touch sensor that can be utilized in sustainable path lighting to save enormous electricity waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Vasant Paranjape
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-Si, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sontyana Adonijah Graham
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-Si, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Punnarao Manchi
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-Si, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Anand Kurakula
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-Si, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Su Yu
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Institute for Wearable Convergence Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Yongin-Si, Giheung-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
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41
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Neige E, Schwab T, Musso M, Berger T, Bourret GR, Diwald O. Charge Separation in BaTiO 3 Nanocrystals: Spontaneous Polarization Versus Point Defect Chemistry. Small 2023; 19:e2206805. [PMID: 36683239 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fate of photogenerated charges within ferroelectric metal oxides is key for photocatalytic applications. The authors study the contributions of i) tetragonal distortion, responsible for spontaneous polarization, and ii) point defects, on charge separation and recombination within BaTiO3 (BTO) nanocrystals of cubic and tetragonal structure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in combination with O2 photoadsorption experiments show that BTO nanocrystals annealed at 600 °C have a charge separation yield enhanced by a factor > 10 compared to TiO2 anatase nanocrystals of similar geometries. This demonstrates for the first time the beneficial effect of the BTO perovskite nanocrystal lattice on charge separation. Strikingly, charge separation is considerably hindered within BTO nanoparticles annealed ≥ 600 °C, due to the formation of Ba-O divacancies that act as charge recombination centers. The opposing interplay between tetragonal distortion and annealing-induced defect formation inside the lattice highlights the importance of defect engineering within perovskite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Neige
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Thomas Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Maurizio Musso
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Gilles R Bourret
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Oliver Diwald
- Department of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron Universität Salzburg, Jakob-Haringerstrasse 2a, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
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42
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Liu M, Ji H, Fu Z, Wang Y, Sun JT, Gao HJ. Orbital distortion and electric field control of sliding ferroelectricity in a boron nitride bilayer. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:235001. [PMID: 36930975 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments confirm that two-dimensional boron nitride (BN) films possess room-temperature out-of-plane ferroelectricity when each BN layer is sliding with respect to each other. This ferroelectricity is attributed to the interlayered orbital hybridization or interlayer charge transfer in previous work. In this work, we attempt to understand the sliding ferroelectricity from the perspective of orbital distortion of long-pair electrons. Using the maximally localized Wannier function method and first-principles calculations, the out-of-planepzorbitals of BN are investigated. Our results indicate that the interlayer van der Waals interaction causes the distortion of the Npzorbitals. Based on the picture of out-of-plane orbital distortion, we propose a possible mechanism to tune the ferroelectric polarization by external fields, including electric field and stress field. It is found that both the polarization intensity and direction can be modulated under the electric field. The polarization intensity of the system can also be controlled by stress field perpendicular to the plane. This study will provide theoretical help in the device design based on sliding ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Ji
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoming Fu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Kunming 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Tao Sun
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-Dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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43
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Wang X, Wen Y, Wu M, Cui B, Wu YS, Li Y, Li X, Ye S, Ren P, Ji ZG, Lu HL, Wang R, Zhang DW, Huang R. Understanding the Effect of Top Electrode on Ferroelectricity in Atomic Layer Deposited Hf 0.5Zr 0.5O 2 Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:15657-15667. [PMID: 36926843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the impact of the top electrodes on the ferroelectricity of hafnium-based thin films is due to strain engineering. However, several anomalies have occurred that put existing theories in doubt. This work carries out a detailed study of this issue using both theoretical and experimental approaches. The 10 nm Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) films are prepared by atomic layer deposition, and three different top capping electrodes (W/MO/ITO) are deposited by physical vapor deposition. The electrical testing finds that the strain does not completely control the ferroelectricity of the devices. The results of further piezoelectric force microscopy characterization exclude the potential interference of the top capping electrodes and interface for electrical testing. In addition, through atomic force microscopy characterization and statistical analysis, a strong correlation between the grain size of the top electrode and the grain size of the HZO film has been found, suggesting that the grain size of the top electrode can induce the formation of the grain size in HZO thin films. Finally, the first-principles calculation is carried out to understand the impact of the strain and grain size on the ferroelectric properties of HZO films. The results show that the strain is the dominant factor for ferroelectricity when the grain size is large (>10 nm). However, when the grain size becomes thinner (<10 nm), the regulation effect of grain sizes increases significantly, which could bring a series of benefits for device scaling, such as device-to-device variations, film uniformity, and domain switch consistency. This work not only completes the understanding of ferroelectricity through top electrode modulation but also provides strong support for the precise regulation of ferroelectricity of nanoscale devices and ultrathin HZO ferroelectric films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yichen Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Maokun Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Boyao Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Shan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengpeng Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Runsheng Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - David Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Microelectronics, Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Electronics and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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44
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Wang D, Liu H, Zhang H, Cai M, Lin J. Modeling and Simulation Investigation of Ferroelectric-Based Electrostatic Doping for Tunnelling Field-Effect Transistor. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:672. [PMID: 36985079 PMCID: PMC10051887 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel ferroelectric-based electrostatic doping (Fe-ED) nanosheet tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) is proposed and analyzed using technology computer-aided design (TCAD) Sentaurus simulation software. By inserting a ferroelectric film into the polarity gate, the electrons and holes are induced in an intrinsic silicon film to create the p-source and the n-drain regions, respectively. Device performance is largely independent of the chemical doping profile, potentially freeing it from issues related to abrupt junctions, dopant variability, and solid solubility. An improved ON-state current and ION/IOFF ratio have been demonstrated in a 3D-calibrated simulation, and the Fe-ED NSTFET's on-state current has increased significantly. According to our study, Fe-ED can be used in versatile reconfigurable nanoscale transistors as well as highly integrated circuits as an effective doping strategy.
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45
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Li M, Chen P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Tang C, Chung JY, Gu M, Li J, Huang Z, Chow GM, Li C, Pennycook SJ. Atomic Origins of Enhanced Ferroelectricity in Nanocolumnar PbTiO 3 /PbO Composite Thin Films. Small 2023; 19:e2203201. [PMID: 36593529 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite films hold great promise for multifunctional devices by integrating different functionalities within a single film. The microstructure of the precipitate/secondary phase is an essential element in designing composites' properties. The interphase strain between the matrix and secondary phase is responsible for strain-mediated functionalities, such as magnetoelectric coupling and ferroelectricity. However, a quantitative microstructure-dependent interphase strain characterization has been scarcely studied. Here, it is demonstrated that the PbTiO3 (PTO)/PbO composite system can be prepared in nano-spherical and nanocolumnar configurations by tuning the misfit strain, confirmed by a three-dimensional reconstructive microscopy technique. With the atomic resolution quantitative microscopy with a depth resolution of a few nanometers, it is discovered that the strained region in PTO is much larger and more uniform in nanocolumnar compared to nano-spherical composites, resulting in much enhanced ferroelectric properties. The interphase strain between PbO and PTO in the nanocolumnar structure leads to a giant c/a ratio of 1.20 (bulk value of 1.06), accompanied by a Ti polarization displacement of 0.48 Å and an effective ferroelectric polarization of 241.7 µC cm-2 , three times compared to the bulk value. The quantitative atomic-scale strain and polarization analysis on the interphase strain provides an important guideline for designing ferroelectric nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsha Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Pingfan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhenghao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Jing Yang Chung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junxue Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
- NUSNNI-Nanocore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Stony Brook Institute at Anhui University, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230039, China
| | - Gan Moog Chow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
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46
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Chen JW, Pal A, Chen BH, Kumar G, Chatterjee S, Peringeth K, Lin ZH, Huang MH. Shape-Tunable BaTiO 3 Crystals Presenting Facet-Dependent Optical and Piezoelectric Properties. Small 2023; 19:e2205920. [PMID: 36521932 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BaTiO3 octahedra, edge-, and corner-truncated cubes, and cubes with four tunable sizes from 132 to 438 nm are synthesized by a solvothermal growth approach. Acetic acid treatment can cleanly remove BaCO3 impurity. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra help to confirm the particles have a tetragonal crystal structure. The crystals also exhibit size- and facet-dependent bandgap shifts. BaTiO3 octahedra show larger piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric effects than truncated cubes and cubes. The measured dielectric constant differences should be associated with their various facet-dependent behaviors. Piezoelectric nanogenerators fabricated from BaTiO3 octahedra consistently show the best performance than those containing truncated cubes and cubes. In particular, a nanogenerator with 30 wt.%-incorporated octahedra displays an open-circuit voltage of 23 V and short-circuit current of 324 nA. The device performance is also highly stable. The maximum output power reaches 3.9 µW at 60 MΩ. The fabricated nanogenerator can provide sufficient electricity to power light-emitting diodes. This work further demonstrates that various physical properties of semiconductor crystals show surface dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Arnab Pal
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate PhD Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 300092, Taiwan
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Subhodeep Chatterjee
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Kiran Peringeth
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
| | - Michael H Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan
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47
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Smith KA, Ramkumar SP, Du K, Xu X, Cheong SW, Gilbert Corder SN, Bechtel HA, Nowadnick EA, Musfeldt JL. Real-Space Infrared Spectroscopy of Ferroelectric Domain Walls in Multiferroic h-(Lu,Sc)FeO 3. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:7562-7571. [PMID: 36715538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We employ synchrotron-based near-field infrared spectroscopy to image the phononic properties of ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal (h) Lu0.6Sc0.4FeO3, and we compare our findings with a detailed symmetry analysis, lattice dynamics calculations, and prior models of domain-wall structure. Rather than metallic and atomically thin as observed in the rare-earth manganites, ferroelectric walls in h-Lu0.6Sc0.4FeO3 are broad and semiconducting, a finding that we attribute to the presence of an A-site substitution-induced intermediate phase that reduces strain and renders the interior of the domain wall nonpolar. Mixed Lu/Sc occupation on the A site also provides compositional heterogeneity over micron-sized length scales, and we leverage the fact that Lu and Sc cluster in different ratios to demonstrate that the spectral characteristics at the wall are robust even in different compositional regimes. This work opens the door to broadband imaging of physical and chemical heterogeneity in ferroics and represents an important step toward revealing the rich properties of these flexible defect states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sriram P Ramkumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, California 95343 United States
| | - Kai Du
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Xianghan Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Sang-Wook Cheong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Stephanie N Gilbert Corder
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Hans A Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 United States
| | - Elizabeth A Nowadnick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, California 95343 United States
| | - Janice L Musfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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48
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Kochervinskii VV, Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Sergeev AI, Lobanov AV, Buryanskaya EL, Ilina TS, Kiselev DA, Malyshkina IA, Kirakosyan GA. Optical and Electrophysical Properties of Vinylidene Fluoride/Hexafluoropropylene Ferroelectric Copolymer Films: Effect of Doping with Porphyrin Derivatives. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:564. [PMID: 36770525 PMCID: PMC9920957 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer films doped by different porphyrins, obtained by crystallization from the acetone solutions, differ in absorption and fluorescence spectra, which we attribute to the differences in the structuring and composition of the rotational isomers in the polymer chains. According to the infrared spectroscopy data, the crystallization of the films doped with tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) proceeds in a mixture of α- and γ-phases with TGTG- and T3GT3G- conformations, respectively. Three bonds in the planar zigzag conformation ensures the contact of such segments with the active groups of the porphyrin macrocycle, significantly changing its electronic state. Structuring of the films in the presence of TPP leads to an increase in the low-voltage AC-conductivity and the registration of an intense Maxwell-Wagner polarization. An increased conductivity by an order of magnitude in TPP-doped films was also observed at high-voltage polarization. The introduction of TPP during the film formation promotes the displacement of the chemical attachment defects of "head-to-head" type in the monomeric units into the surface. This process is accompanied by a significant increase in the film surface roughness, which was registered by piezo-force microscopy. The latter method also revealed the appearance of hysteresis phenomena during the local piezoelectric coefficient d33 measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin V. Kochervinskii
- Laboratory of Polymer Composite Materials, JSC Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Moscow 111524, Russia
| | - Margaret A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey I. Sergeev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anton V. Lobanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeniya L. Buryanskaya
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Tatiana S. Ilina
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Kiselev
- Laboratory of Physics of Oxide Ferroelectrics, Department of Materials Science of Semiconductors and Dielectrics, National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Inna A. Malyshkina
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Gayane A. Kirakosyan
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Alkali and Rare Metals, N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Moscow 119071, Russia
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49
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Li F, Hu K, Hong Z, Ke X, Lou X, Chen X, Shen Z, Song D, Ge B, Long M, Shan L, Zhai J, Wang C, Wang J, Cheng Z. Polarity Modulation Induced High Electrostrain Performance with Near-Zero Hysteresis in a (Sr 0.7Bi 0.2□0.1)TiO 3-Based System. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1545-1553. [PMID: 36576882 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-precision piezo actuators necessitate dielectrics with high electrostrain performance with low hysteresis. Polarity-modulated (Sr0.7Bi0.2□0.1)TiO3-based ceramics exhibit extraordinarily discrete multiphase coexistence regions: (i) the relaxor phase coexistence (RPC) region with local weakly polar tetragonal (T) and pseudocubic (Pc) short-range polar nanodomains and (ii) the ferroelectric phase coexistence (FPC) region with T long-range domains and Pc nanodomains. The RPC composition features a specially high and pure electrostrain performance with near-zero hysteresis (S ∼ 0.185%, Q33 ∼ 0.038 m4·C-2), which is double those of conventional Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-based ceramics. Particular interest is paid to the RPC and FPC with multiscale characterization to unravel local structure-performance relationships. Guided by piezoelectric force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and phase-field simulations, the RPC composition with multiphase low-angle weakly polar nanodomains shows local structural heterogeneity and contributes to a flat local free energy profile and thus to nanodomain switching and superior electrostrain performance, in contrast to the FPC composition with a macroscopic domain that shows stark hysteresis. This work provides a paradigm to design high-precision actuator materials with large electrostrain and ultralow hysteresis, extending our knowledge of multiphase coexistence species in ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kejun Hu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhengkai Hong
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ke
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaojie Lou
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongsheng Song
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Binghui Ge
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mingsheng Long
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lei Shan
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jiwei Zhai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Chunchang Wang
- Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong 2500, Australia
| | - Zhenxiang Cheng
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong 2500, Australia
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50
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Li X, Yang C, Xia Y, Zeng X, Shen P, Li L, Xu F, Cai D, Wu Y, Wu Z, Li S, Kang J. Nonvolatile Electrical Valley Manipulation in WS 2 by Ferroelectric Gating. ACS Nano 2022; 16:20598-20606. [PMID: 36414329 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Valleytronics in transition metal dichalcogenides has been intensively investigated for potential applications in next-generation information storage, data processing, and signal transmission devices. Here a ferroelectric gating approach is engaged in achieving nonvolatile electrical tuning of the valley-excitonic properties of monolayer and bilayer WS2. The gating effects include carrier doping and ferroelectric coupling, which are further distinguished by comparing two geometries where the gate electrodes are in direct contact with or insulated from the WS2 crystal. The results show that the carrier doping from gate electrodes acts on WS2 through carrier screening, which only moderately alters the valley polarization. In contrast, the ferroelectric gating promotes electron-phonon interaction, introduces a strong surface polarization field, and controls the interfacial charge trapping/detrapping, causing a Stark shift in exciton energy and strongly enhancing room-temperature valley polarization. In bilayer WS2, the intralayer-interlayer exciton transition is further induced, contributing to even higher valley polarization. The ferroelectric coupling effect can still be maintained after the removal of gate voltage, showing its nonvolatile nature. The role of ferroelectricity is further verified by the anomalous temperature dependence in valley polarization. This work has revealed effective electrical control over valley excitons in semiconductors through interaction with ferroelectric materials. The reported high room-temperature valley polarization in WS2 will boost the development of valleytronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Chengbiao Yang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Xinlong Zeng
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Linglong Li
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, P.R. China
| | - Feiya Xu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Duanjun Cai
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
| | - Junyong Kang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, P.R. China
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