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Peng S, Liu D, Ying Z, An K, Liu C, Feng J, Bai H, Lo KH, Pan H. Industrial-Si-based photoanode for highly efficient and stable water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:434-440. [PMID: 38815378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an effective and sustainable method for solar energy harvesting. However, the technology is still far away from practical application because of the high cost and low efficiency. Here, we report a low-cost, stable and high-performing industrial-Si-based photoanode (n-Indus-Si/Co-2mA-xs) that is fabricated by simple electrodeposition. Systematic characterizations such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been employed to characterize and understand the working mechanisms of this photoanode. The uniform and adherent dispersion of co-catalyst particles result in high built-in electric field, reduced charge transfer resistance, and abundant active sites. The core-shell structure of co-catalyst particles is formed after the activation process. The reconstructed morphology and modified chemical states of the surface co-catalyst particles improve the separation and transfer of charges, and the reaction kinetics for water oxidation greatly. Our work demonstrates that large-scale PEC water splitting can be achieved by engineering the industrial-Si-based photoelectrode, which shall guide the development of solar energy conversion in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Peng
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhiqin Ying
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo City 315201, PR China
| | - Keyu An
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chunfa Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jinxian Feng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Haoyun Bai
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Kin Ho Lo
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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2
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He X, Wen Y, Fang Y, Li M, Shan B. Charge Photoaccumulation in Covalent Polymer Networks for Boosting Photocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401878. [PMID: 38582515 PMCID: PMC11187893 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In the design of photoelectrocatalytic cells, a key element is effective photogeneration of electron-hole pairs to drive redox activation of catalysts. Despite recent progress in photoelectrocatalysis, experimental realization of a high-performance photocathode for multi-electron reduction of chemicals, such as nitrate reduction to ammonia, has remained a challenge due to difficulty in obtaining efficient electrode configurations for extraction of high-throughput electrons from absorbed photons. This work describes a new design for catalytic photoelectrodes using chromophore assembly-functionalized covalent networks for boosting eight-electron reduction of nitrate to ammonia. Upon sunlight irradiation, the photoelectrode stores a mass of reducing equivalents at the photoexcited chromophore assembly for multielectron reduction of a copper catalyst, enabling efficient nitrate reduction to ammonia. By introducing the new photoelectrode structure, it is demonstrated that the electronic interplay between charge photo-accumulating assembly and multi-electron redox catalysts can be optimized to achieve proper balance between electron transfer dynamics and thermodynamic output of photoelectrocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia He
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Excited‐State Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yingke Wen
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Excited‐State Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Yanjie Fang
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Excited‐State Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Excited‐State Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Excited‐State Materials of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
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3
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Bhattacharjee S, Linley S, Reisner E. Solar reforming as an emerging technology for circular chemical industries. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x. [PMID: 38291132 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The adverse environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and persistent waste accumulation are driving the demand for sustainable approaches to clean-energy production and waste recycling. By coupling the thermodynamically favourable oxidation of waste-derived organic carbon streams with fuel-forming reduction reactions suitable for producing clean hydrogen or converting CO2 to fuels, solar reforming simultaneously valorizes waste and generates useful chemical products. With appropriate light harvesting, catalyst design, device configurations and waste pre-treatment strategies, a range of sustainable fuels and value-added chemicals can already be selectively produced from diverse waste feedstocks, including biomass and plastics, demonstrating the potential of solar-powered upcycling plants. This Review highlights solar reforming as an emerging technology that is currently transitioning from fundamental research towards practical application. We investigate the chemistry and compatibility of waste pre-treatment, introduce process classifications, explore the mechanisms of different solar reforming technologies, and suggest appropriate concepts, metrics and pathways for various deployment scenarios in a net-zero-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart Linley
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Putwa S, Curtis IS, Dasog M. Nanostructured silicon photocatalysts for solar-driven fuel production. iScience 2023; 26:106317. [PMID: 36950113 PMCID: PMC10025979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven production of fuels such as hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and ammonia using semiconducting photocatalysts has the potential to be a sustainable alternative to current chemical processes. In recent years, silicon (Si) nanostructures have been recognized as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen generation and organic oxidation reactions owing to its abundance, biocompatibility, and cost. While bulk Si has been studied extensively, on the nanoscale, plenty of opportunities exist to understand and engineer optimally performing Si photocatalysts. This perspective will highlight key results on the use of Si nanostructures for photocatalytic H2 production, CO2 reduction via light and heat-driven chemical looping, and current challenges in utilizing it for fuel-forming reactions. A brief guide on how these challenges can be addressed in the future and other unexplored questions that remain in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarrah Putwa
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Isabel S. Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mita Dasog
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Corresponding author
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5
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Yuan Y, Zhong B, Li F, Wu H, Liu J, Yang H, Zhao L, Sun Y, Zhang P, Gao L. Surface phosphorization for the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of an Fe 2O 3/Si photocathode. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11261-11269. [PMID: 35880553 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal phosphates (TMPs) are regarded as efficient co-catalysts for photoanodes, but they are rarely applied in hydrogen production reactions. In this work, iron phosphate (FePi), a co-catalyst for hydrogen production, is introduced onto the Fe2O3 surface by facile surface phosphorization under low-temperature conditions. The surface FePi leads to a shift of the onset potential by +201 mV and an increase in the photocurrent density by more than 10 mA cm-2 at 0 VRHE for the Fe2O3/p-Si photocathode in a strong alkaline electrolyte. The role of FePi stems from the smaller transfer resistance, efficient photogenerated carrier separation and electron injection, and preferable H* adsorption energy, as suggested by Kelvin probe force microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The surface phosphorization presents a facile and attractive strategy for the treatment of transition metal oxide catalyzed photocathodes for green hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Boan Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai 200240, China
- Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yanting Sun
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, 11419 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lian Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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6
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Tang B, Xiao FX. An Overview of Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Conversion to Chemical Fuels. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
| | - Fang-Xing Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian Province 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Li C, Zhou X, Zhang Q, Xue Y, Kuang Z, Zhao H, Mou CY, Chen H. Construction of Heterostructured Sn/TiO 2 /Si Photocathode for Efficient Photoelectrochemical CO 2 Reduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200188. [PMID: 35243793 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using renewable energy to convert CO2 into liquid products, as a sustainable way to produce fuels and chemicals, has attracted intense attention. Herein, a novel heterostructured photocathode composed of Si wafer, TiO2 layer, and Sn metal particles has been successfully fabricated by combining of a facile hydrothermal and electrodeposition method. The obtained Sn/TiO2 /Si photocathode shows enhanced light absorption performance by the surface plasmon resonance effect of Sn metal. Especially, the Sn/TiO2 /Si photocathode together with rich oxygen vacancy defects jointly promote photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction, harvesting a high faradaic efficiency of HCOOH and a desirable average current density (-4.72 mA cm-2 ) at -1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Significantly, the photocathode Sn/TiO2 /Si also shows good stability due to the design of protecting layer TiO2 . This study provides a facile strategy of constructing an efficient photocathode to improve the light absorption performance and the electron transfer efficiency, exhibiting great potential in the CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin Li
- School of Materials and chemical, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Qingming Zhang
- School of Materials and chemical, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xue
- School of Materials and chemical, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhao
- National Taiwan University, Department of Chemistry, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- National Taiwan University, Department of Chemistry, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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8
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Takada M, Inoue K, Sugimoto H, Fujii M. Solution-processed silicon quantum dot photocathode for hydrogen evolution. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:485709. [PMID: 34110304 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac09e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The photoelectrochemical response of a photocathode made from a colloidal solution of boron (B) and phosphorus (P) codoped silicon (Si) quantum dots (QDs) 2-11 nm in diameters is studied. Since codoped Si QDs are dispersible in alcohol and water due to the hydrophilic surface, a photoelectrode with a smooth surface is produced by drop-coating the QD solution on an indium tin oxide substrate. The codoping provides high oxidation resistance to Si QDs and makes the electrode operate as a photocathode. The photoelectrochemical response of a Si QD photoelectrode depends strongly on the size of QDs; there is a transition from anodic to cathodic photocurrent around 4 nm in diameter. Below the size, anodic photocurrent due to self-oxidation of Si QDs is observed, while above the size, cathodic photocurrent due to electron transfer across the interface is observed. The cathodic photocurrent increases with increasing the size, and in some samples, it is observed for more than 3000 s under intermittent light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugimoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujii
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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9
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Lee Y, Gupta B, Tan HH, Jagadish C, Oh J, Karuturi S. Thin silicon via crack-assisted layer exfoliation for photoelectrochemical water splitting. iScience 2021; 24:102921. [PMID: 34430811 PMCID: PMC8367840 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been widely investigated as a feasible material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Compared to thick wafer-based Si, thin Si (<50 μm thickness) could concurrently minimize the material usage allowing the development of cost-effective and flexible photoelectrodes for integrable PEC cells. This work presents the design and fabrication of thin Si using crack-assisted layer exfoliation method through detailed optical simulations and a systematic investigation of the exfoliation method. Thin free-standing Si photoanodes with sub-50 μm thickness are demonstrated by incorporating a nickel oxide (NiOx) thin film as oxygen evolution catalyst, light-trapping surface structure, and a rear-pn+ junction, to generate a photo-current density of 23.43 mA/cm2 with an onset potential of 1.2 V (vs. RHE). Our work offers a general approach for the development of efficient and cost-effective photoelectrodes with Si films with important implications for flexible and wearable Si-based photovoltaics and (opto)electronic devices. Design and fabrication of thin Si photoanode using crack-assisted layer exfoliation A systematic investigation of the crack-assisted layer exfoliation method Optical simulation on the dependence of photoelectrochemical performance on Si thickness Demonstration of thin Si photoanode with notable photoelectrochemical performance
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Lee
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Convergence Materials Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi 39171, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Bikesh Gupta
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Hark Hoe Tan
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chennupati Jagadish
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jihun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Siva Karuturi
- Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Research School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Corresponding author
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10
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Laurans M, Wells JAL, Ott S. Immobilising molecular Ru complexes on a protective ultrathin oxide layer of p-Si electrodes towards photoelectrochemical CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10482-10492. [PMID: 34259300 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising approach for renewable fuel generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to their synthetic tunability, molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction can give rise to high product selectivity. In this context, a RuII complex [Ru(HO-tpy)(6-mbpy)(NCCH3)]2+ (HO-tpy = 4'-hydroxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine; 6-mbpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) was immobilised on a thin SiOx layer of a p-Si electrode that was decorated with a bromide-terminated molecular layer. Following the characterisation of the assembled photocathodes by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry, PEC experiments demonstrate electron transfer from the p-Si to the Ru complex through the native oxide layer under illumination and a cathodic bias. A state-of-the-art photovoltage of 570 mV was determined by comparison with an analogous n-type Si assembly. While the photovoltage of the modified photocathode is promising for future photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction and the p-Si/SiOx junction seems to be unchanged during the PEC experiments, a fast desorption of the molecular Ru complex was observed. An in-depth investigation of the cathode degradation by comparison with reference materials highlights the role of the hydroxyl functionality of the Ru complex to ensure its grafting on the substrate. In contrast, no essential role for the bromide function on the Si substrate designed to engage with the hydroxyl group of the Ru complex in an SN2-type reaction could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Laurans
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jordann A L Wells
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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11
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Pati PB, Abdellah M, Diring S, Hammarström L, Odobel F. Molecular Triad Containing a TEMPO Catalyst Grafted on Mesoporous Indium Tin Oxide as a Photoelectrocatalytic Anode for Visible Light-Driven Alcohol Oxidation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2902-2913. [PMID: 33973386 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical cells based on semiconductors are among the most studied methods of artificial photosynthesis. This study concerns the immobilization, on a mesoporous conducting indium tin oxide electrode (nano-ITO), of a molecular triad (NDADI-P-Ru-TEMPO) composed of a ruthenium tris-bipyridine complex (Ru) as photosensitizer, connected at one end to 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO) as alcohol oxidation catalyst and at the other end to the electron acceptor naphthalenedicarboxyanhydride dicarboximide (NDADI). Light irradiation of NDADI-P-Ru-TEMPO grafted to nano-ITO in a pH 10 carbonate buffer effects selective oxidation of para-methoxybenzyl alcohol (MeO-BA) to para-methoxybenzaldehyde with a TON of approximately 150 after 1 h of photolysis at a bias of 0.4 V vs. SCE. The faradaic efficiency is found to be of 80±5 %. The photophysical study indicates that photoinduced electron transfer from the Ru complex to NDADI is a slow process and must compete with direct electron injection into ITO to have a better performing system. This work sheds light on some of the important ways to design more efficient molecular systems for the preparation of photoelectrocatalytic cells based on catalyst-dye-acceptor arrays immobilized on conducting electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Baran Pati
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Abdellah
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Qena Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523, Qena, Egypt
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, 44000, Nantes, France
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12
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Dong WJ, Navid IA, Xiao Y, Lim JW, Lee JL, Mi Z. CuS-Decorated GaN Nanowires on Silicon Photocathodes for Converting CO 2 Mixture Gas to HCOOH. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10099-10107. [PMID: 34210119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid materials consisting of semiconductors and cocatalysts have been widely used for photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of CO2 gas to value-added chemicals such as formic acid (HCOOH). To date, however, the rational design of catalytic architecture enabling the reduction of real CO2 gas to chemical has remained a grand challenge. Here, we report a unique photocathode consisting of CuS-decorated GaN nanowires (NWs) integrated on planar silicon (Si) for the conversion of H2S-containing CO2 mixture gas to HCOOH. It was discovered that H2S impurity in the modeled industrial CO2 gas could lead to the spontaneous transformation of Cu to CuS NPs, which resulted in significantly increased faradaic efficiency of HCOOH generation. The CuS/GaN/Si photocathode exhibited superior faradaic efficiency of HCOOH = 70.2% and partial current density = 7.07 mA/cm2 at -1.0 VRHE under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that impurity mixed in the CO2 gas can enhance, rather than degrade, the performance of the PEC CO2 reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jae Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Ishtiaque Ahmed Navid
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yixin Xiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jin Wook Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Jong-Lam Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Zetian Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Load CoOx cocatalyst on photoanode by spin coating and calcination for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation: A case study on BiVO4. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Zhang D, Du M, Wang P, Wang H, Shi W, Gao Y, Karuturi S, Catchpole K, Zhang J, Fan F, Shi J, Liu S. Hole‐Storage Enhanced a‐Si Photocathodes for Efficient Hydrogen Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin 541004 P. R. China
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra 2601 Australia
| | - Minyong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Siva Karuturi
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra 2601 Australia
| | - Kylie Catchpole
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering The Australian National University Canberra 2601 Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin 541004 P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Jingying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023 China
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15
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Zhang D, Du M, Wang P, Wang H, Shi W, Gao Y, Karuturi S, Catchpole K, Zhang J, Fan F, Shi J, Liu S. Hole-Storage Enhanced a-Si Photocathodes for Efficient Hydrogen Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11966-11972. [PMID: 33590572 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ferrihydrite (Fh) has been demonstrated as an effective interfacial layer for photoanodes to achieve outstanding photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance for water oxidation reaction owing to its unique hole-storage function. However, it is unknown whether such a hole-storage layer can be used to construct highly efficient photocathodes for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, we report Fh interfacial engineering of amorphous silicon photocathode (with nickel as HER cocatalyst) achieving a photocurrent density of 15.6 mA cm-2 at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode and a half-cell energy conversion efficiency of 4.08 % in alkaline solution, outperforming most of reported a-Si based photocathodes including multi-junction configurations integrated with noble metal cocatalysts in acid solution. Besides, the photocurrent density is maintained above 14 mA cm-2 for 175 min with 100 % Faradaic efficiency for HER in alkaline solution. Our results demonstrate a feasible approach to construct efficient photocathodes via the application of a hole-storage layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.,Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Minyong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Siva Karuturi
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Kylie Catchpole
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
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16
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Mussabek G, Alekseev SA, Manilov AI, Tutashkonko S, Nychyporuk T, Shabdan Y, Amirkhanova G, Litvinenko SV, Skryshevsky VA, Lysenko V. Kinetics of Hydrogen Generation from Oxidation of Hydrogenated Silicon Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solutions. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071413. [PMID: 32698314 PMCID: PMC7408030 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen generation rate is one of the most important parameters which must be considered for the development of engineering solutions in the field of hydrogen energy applications. In this paper, the kinetics of hydrogen generation from oxidation of hydrogenated porous silicon nanopowders in water are analyzed in detail. The splitting of the Si-H bonds of the nanopowders and water molecules during the oxidation reaction results in powerful hydrogen generation. The described technology is shown to be perfectly tunable and allows us to manage the kinetics by: (i) varying size distribution and porosity of silicon nanoparticles; (ii) chemical composition of oxidizing solutions; (iii) ambient temperature. In particular, hydrogen release below 0 °C is one of the significant advantages of such a technological way of performing hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Mussabek
- Faculty of Physics and Technology, AI-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, AI-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
- Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, 125, Pushkin Str., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-727-377-3412
| | - Sergei A. Alekseev
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Anton I. Manilov
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.M.); (S.V.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Sergii Tutashkonko
- Nanotechnology Institute of Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, INSA de Lyon, University of Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (S.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Tetyana Nychyporuk
- Nanotechnology Institute of Lyon (INL), UMR CNRS 5270, INSA de Lyon, University of Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (S.T.); (T.N.)
| | - Yerkin Shabdan
- Faculty of Physics and Technology, AI-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71, AI-Farabi Ave., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;
| | - Gulshat Amirkhanova
- Institute of Information and Computational Technologies, 125, Pushkin Str., Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Sergei V. Litvinenko
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.M.); (S.V.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Valeriy A. Skryshevsky
- Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.I.M.); (S.V.L.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Vladimir Lysenko
- Light Matter Institute, UMR-5306, Claude Bernard University of Lyon, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France;
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17
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He J, Janáky C. Recent Advances in Solar-Driven Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Expectations versus Reality. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2020; 5:1996-2014. [PMID: 32566753 PMCID: PMC7296618 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to fuels and high-value chemicals can contribute to the better utilization of renewable energy sources. Photosynthetic (PS), photocatalytic (PC), photoelectrochemical (PEC), and photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV+EC) approaches are intensively studied strategies. We aimed to compare the performance of these approaches using unified metrics and to highlight representative studies with outstanding performance in a given aspect. Most importantly, a statistical analysis was carried out to compare the differences in activity, selectivity, and durability of the various approaches, and the underlying causes are discussed in detail. Several interesting trends were found: (i) Only the minority of the studies present comprehensive metrics. (ii) The CO2 reduction products and their relative amount vary across the different approaches. (iii) Only the PV+EC approach is likely to lead to industrial technologies in the midterm future. Last, a brief perspective on new directions is given to stimulate discussion and future research activity.
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18
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Ji SG, Kim H, Choi H, Lee S, Choi CH. Overestimation of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity Induced by Noble Metal Impurities Dissolved from Counter/Reference Electrodes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gu Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoong Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghan Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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19
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Gong L, Yin H, Nie C, Sun X, Wang X, Wang M. Influence of Anchoring Groups on the Charge Transfer and Performance of p-Si/TiO 2/Cobaloxime Hybrid Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical H 2 Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34010-34019. [PMID: 31453677 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although hybrid photocathodes built by immobilizing molecular catalysts to the surface of semiconductors through chemical linkages have been reported in recent years, systematic and comparative studies remain scarce about the impact of various anchoring groups on the performance, stability, and charge-transfer kinetics of molecular catalyst-decorated hybrid photocathodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 production. In this study, the molecular cobaloxime catalysts, CoPy-4-X (Py = pyridine, X = PO3H2, COOH, and CONH(OH)), bearing different anchoring groups were synthesized and covalently immobilized to the surface of the porous TiO2 layer coated on a p-Si plate or a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass. The influence of the anchoring groups on the performance of p-Si/TiO2/CoPy-4-X photocathodes was comparatively studied for PEC H2 evolution. Among the tested hybrid photocathodes, the one with a hydroxamate as an anchoring group displayed higher activity and lower charge-transfer resistance than that observed for the electrode with a carboxylate or a phosphonate as the anchoring group. Notably, the catalytic current of p-Si/TiO2/CoPy-4-CONH(OH) was attenuated only by 2.9% in the controlled potential photoelectrolysis tests in borate buffer solution at pH 9 at 0 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode over 6 h. Moreover, the influence of anchoring groups on the interfacial electron transfer from the TiO2 layer to the immobilized cobaloxime catalyst and electron-hole recombination was studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. These results revealed that the hydroxamate as an anchoring group is superior to the carboxylate and phosphonate groups for speeding up the interfacial electron transfer and firmly immobilizing the molecular catalysts to the metal oxide semiconductors to build efficient and stable hybrid photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunlun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Heng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Chengming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xuran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Dalian 116023 , China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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20
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Sangiorgi N, Tuci G, Sanson A, Peruzzini M, Giambastiani G. Metal-free carbon-based materials for electrocatalytic and photo-electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. RENDICONTI LINCEI. SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-019-00830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Butson JD, Narangari PR, Lysevych M, Wong-Leung J, Wan Y, Karuturi SK, Tan HH, Jagadish C. InGaAsP as a Promising Narrow Band Gap Semiconductor for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:25236-25242. [PMID: 31265227 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b06656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
While photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a very promising route toward zero-carbon energy, conversion efficiency remains limited. Semiconductors with narrower band gaps can absorb a much greater portion of the solar spectrum, thereby increasing efficiency. However, narrow band gap (∼1 eV) III-V semiconductor photoelectrodes have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, the narrow band gap quaternary III-V alloy InGaAsP is demonstrated for the first time to have great potential for PEC water splitting, with the long-term goal of developing high-efficiency tandem PEC devices. TiO2-coated InGaAsP photocathodes generate a photocurrent density of over 30 mA/cm2 with an onset potential of 0.45 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, yielding an applied bias efficiency of over 7%. This is an excellent performance, given that nearly all power losses can be attributed to reflection losses. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy show that InGaAsP and TiO2 form a type-II band alignment, greatly enhancing carrier separation and reducing recombination losses. Beyond water splitting, the tunable band gap of InGaAsP could be of further interest in other areas of photocatalysis, including CO2 reduction.
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22
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Sun X, Jiang J, Yang Y, Shan Y, Gong L, Wang M. Enhancing the Performance of Si-Based Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Solution by Facilely Intercalating a Sandwich N-Doped Carbon Nanolayer to the Interface of Si and TiO 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19132-19140. [PMID: 31062963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising but immensely challenging technology for sustainable production of hydrogen. To this end, highly active, durable, and inexpensive photocathodes that operate under conditions compatible with those for photoanodes are desired. Herein, Si-based composite photocathodes were constructed by coating the front surface of Si with an N-doped carbon nanolayer and then a TiO2 protective layer, followed by decorating the electrode surface with Ni and Ni-Mo catalysts. The carbon nanolayer, denoted as CPDA, was formed directly on the Si surface by in situ self-polymerization of dopamine, followed by carbonization of the polydopamine (PDA) coating. The performance of the as-fabricated Si photocathodes with and without the CPDA layer was comparatively studied for PEC hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline electrolytes to evaluate the effect of the sandwich CPDA layer in between the Si substrate and the TiO2 layer on the photoelectrocatalytic behaviors of Si-based electrodes. The photocathodes containing the CPDA layer demonstrated lower electron transfer resistance, higher built-in photovoltage, and larger band bending relative to the analogous electrodes without the CPDA layer. Accordingly, the short-circuit photocurrents of the Ni and Ni-Mo-decorated photocathodes with the CPDA layer were enhanced by a factor of 2.8-3.3, and their open-circuit photovoltages were enlarged by 0.14-0.22 V, compared to those of the corresponding electrodes without the CPDA layer in 1 M KOH under simulated 1 sun illumination. Moreover, the photocathodes with the CPDA layer also exhibited an improved stability for PEC HER in alkaline solutions, with a faradaic efficiency of 90-97% in the initial hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yu Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Lunlun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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23
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Chandrasekaran S, Kaeffer N, Cagnon L, Aldakov D, Fize J, Nonglaton G, Baleras F, Mailley P, Artero V. A robust ALD-protected silicon-based hybrid photoelectrode for hydrogen evolution under aqueous conditions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4469-4475. [PMID: 31057774 PMCID: PMC6482884 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid systems combining molecular catalysts with inorganic materials is a promising solution towards cheap yet efficient and stable photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.
Hydrogen production through direct sunlight-driven water splitting in photo-electrochemical cells (PECs) is a promising solution for energy sourcing. PECs need to fulfill three criteria: sustainability, cost-effectiveness and stability. Here we report an efficient and stable photocathode platform for H2 evolution based on Earth-abundant elements. A p-type silicon surface was protected by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a 15 nm TiO2 layer, on top of which a 300 nm mesoporous TiO2 layer was spin-coated. The cobalt diimine–dioxime molecular catalyst was covalently grafted onto TiO2 through phosphonate anchors and an additional 0.2 nm ALD-TiO2 layer was applied for stabilization. This assembly catalyzes water reduction into H2 in phosphate buffer (pH 7) with an onset potential of +0.47 V vs. RHE. The resulting current density is –1.3 ± 0.1 mA cm–2 at 0 V vs. RHE under AM 1.5 solar irradiation, corresponding to a turnover number of 260 per hour of operation and a turnover frequency of 0.071 s–1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarrajan Chandrasekaran
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , CEA , Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France . .,Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA-LETI/DTBS , Laboratoire Chimie , Capteurs et Biomatériaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Nicolas Kaeffer
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , CEA , Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France .
| | - Laurent Cagnon
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , Institut NEEL , UPR2940 , 25 rue des Martyrs BP 166 , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Dmitry Aldakov
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , CEA , INAC-SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jennifer Fize
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , CEA , Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France .
| | - Guillaume Nonglaton
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA-LETI/DTBS , Laboratoire Chimie , Capteurs et Biomatériaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - François Baleras
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA-LETI/DTBS , Laboratoire Chimie , Capteurs et Biomatériaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CEA-LETI/DTBS , Laboratoire Chimie , Capteurs et Biomatériaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Vincent Artero
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS , CEA , Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , 17 rue des Martyrs , 38000 Grenoble , France .
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24
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Iron oxide nanostructures for photoelectrochemical applications: Effect of applied potential during Fe anodization. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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25
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Luo Z, Wang T, Gong J. Single-crystal silicon-based electrodes for unbiased solar water splitting: current status and prospects. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2158-2181. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent developments of single-crystal silicon (Si) as the photoelectrode material for solar water splitting, including the promising strategies to obtain highly efficient and stable single-crystal Si-based photoelectrodes for hydrogen evolution and water oxidation, as well as the future development of spontaneous solar water splitting with single-crystal Si-based tandem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
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26
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Lee YH, Kim J, Oh J. Wafer-Scale Ultrathin, Single-Crystal Si and GaAs Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33230-33237. [PMID: 30182715 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline Si and III-V compound semiconductors with appropriate band edge positions for the reduction of water have been widely utilized in photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the high cost of manufacturing those PEC cell photoabsorbers makes it difficult to achieve cost-effective hydrogen production. To overcome this issue, a new approach to fabricate a photoabsorber with low cost yet high performance for the HER is highly necessary. Here, we present a controlled fracture method, the so-called spalling process, to fabricate a cost-effective thin semiconductor applicable to the PEC HER. Using this method, a wafer-scale thin Si, whose thickness can be controlled from a few micrometers to sub-50 μm, was fabricated from a thick Si mother substrate without material loss. Pt nanoparticle-decorated 16 μm thick spalled Si with an np+ rear junction exhibited an HER onset potential of 332 mV (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and a photocurrent density of 20.1 mA cm-2 at 0 V (vs RHE), which are the best performances among previously reported planar-type thin Si-based photocathodes. Finally, we demonstrated that 20 μm thick GaAs could also be successfully fabricated by the spalling process, while exhibiting a PEC HER performance comparable to 350 μm thick bulk GaAs.
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27
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Gallium nitride nanowire as a linker of molybdenum sulfides and silicon for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3856. [PMID: 30242212 PMCID: PMC6155116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of earth-abundant catalysts and semiconductors, for example, molybdenum sulfides and planar silicon, presents a promising avenue for the large-scale conversion of solar energy to hydrogen. The inferior interface between molybdenum sulfides and planar silicon, however, severely suppresses charge carrier extraction, thus limiting the performance. Here, we demonstrate that defect-free gallium nitride nanowire is ideally used as a linker of planar silicon and molybdenum sulfides to produce a high-quality shell-core heterostructure. Theoretical calculations revealed that the unique electronic interaction and the excellent geometric-matching structure between gallium nitride and molybdenum sulfides enabled an ideal electron-migration channel for high charge carrier extraction efficiency, leading to outstanding performance. A benchmarking current density of 40 ± 1 mA cm-2 at 0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, the highest value ever reported for a planar silicon electrode without noble metals, and a large onset potential of +0.4 V were achieved under standard one-sun illumination.
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28
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Li D, Shi J, Li C. Transition-Metal-Based Electrocatalysts as Cocatalysts for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: A Mini Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1704179. [PMID: 29575653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Converting solar energy into hydrogen via photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is one of the most promising approaches for a sustainable energy supply. Highly active, cost-effective, and robust photoelectrodes are undoubtedly crucial for the PEC technology. To achieve this goal, transition-metal-based electrocatalysts have been widely used as cocatalysts to improve the performance of PEC cells for water splitting. Herein, this Review summarizes the recent progresses of the design, synthesis, and application of transition-metal-based electrocatalysts as cocatalysts for PEC water splitting. Mo, Ni, Co-based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and Co, Ni, Fe-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are emphasized as cocatalysts for efficient PEC HER and OER, respectively. Particularly, some most efficient and robust photoelectrode systems with record photocurrent density or durability for the half reactions of HER and OER are highlighted and discussed. In addition, the self-biased PEC devices with high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency based on earth-abundant materials are also addressed. Finally, this Review is concluded with a summary and remarks on some challenges and opportunities for the further development of transition-metal-based electrocatalysts as cocatalysts for PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, China
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Zeng S, Kar P, Thakur UK, Shankar K. A review on photocatalytic CO 2 reduction using perovskite oxide nanomaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:052001. [PMID: 29214981 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9fb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As the search for efficient catalysts for CO2 photoreduction continues, nanostructured perovskite oxides have emerged as a class of high-performance photocatalytic materials. The perovskite oxide candidates for CO2 photoreduction are primarily nanostructured forms of titanates, niobates, tantalates and cobaltates. These materials form the focus of this review article because they are much sought-after due to their nontoxic nature, adequate chemical stability, and tunable crystal structures, bandgaps and surface energies. As compared to conventional semiconductors and nanomaterial catalysts, nanostructured perovskite oxides also exhibit an extended optical-absorption edge, longer charge carrier lifetimes, and favorable band-alignment with respect to reduction potential of activated CO2 and reduction products of the same. While CO2 reduction product yields of several hundred μmol-1 h-1 are observed with many types of perovskite oxide nanomaterials in stand-alone forms, yield of such quantities are not common with semiconductor nanomaterials of other types. In this review, we present current state-of-the-art synthesis methods to form perovskite oxide nanomaterials, and procedures to engineer their bandgaps. This review also presents a comprehensive summary and discussion on crystal structures, defect distribution, morphologies and electronic properties of the perovskite oxides, and correlation of these properties to CO2 photoreduction performance. This review offers researchers key insights for developing advanced perovskite oxides in order to further improve the yields of CO2 reduction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zeng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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30
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Duke BJ, Akeroyd EN, Bhatt SV, Onyeagusi CI, Bhatt SV, Adolph BR, Fotie J. Nano-dispersed platinum(0) in organically modified silicate matrices as sustainable catalysts for a regioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analysis of the catalytic effect of Pt(0) nano-dispersed in siloxane matrices on the hydrosilylation of alkenes and alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J. Duke
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
| | - Evan N. Akeroyd
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
| | - Shreeja V. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
| | - Chibueze I. Onyeagusi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
| | - Shreya V. Bhatt
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
| | - Brandy R. Adolph
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
| | - Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics
- Southeastern Louisiana University
- SLU 10878
- Hammond
- USA
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