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Shah SWA, Xu Q, Ullah MW, Zahoor, Sethupathy S, Morales GM, Sun J, Zhu D. Lignin-based additive materials: A review of current status, challenges, and future perspectives. ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 74:103711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2023.103711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
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2
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Jiang B, Jiao H, Guo X, Chen G, Guo J, Wu W, Jin Y, Cao G, Liang Z. Lignin-Based Materials for Additive Manufacturing: Chemistry, Processing, Structures, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206055. [PMID: 36658694 PMCID: PMC10037990 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of lignin, the most abundant aromatic biomass component, is at the forefront of sustainable engineering, energy, and environment research, where its abundance and low-cost features enable widespread application. Constructing lignin into material parts with controlled and desired macro- and microstructures and properties via additive manufacturing has been recognized as a promising technology and paves the way to the practical application of lignin. Considering the rapid development and significant progress recently achieved in this field, a comprehensive and critical review and outlook on three-dimensional (3D) printing of lignin is highly desirable. This article fulfils this demand with an overview on the structure of lignin and presents the state-of-the-art of 3D printing of pristine lignin and lignin-based composites, and highlights the key challenges. It is attempted to deliver better fundamental understanding of the impacts of morphology, microstructure, physical, chemical, and biological modifications, and composition/hybrids on the rheological behavior of lignin/polymer blends, as well as, on the mechanical, physical, and chemical performance of the 3D printed lignin-based materials. The main points toward future developments involve hybrid manufacturing, in situ polymerization, and surface tension or energy driven molecular segregation are also elaborated and discussed to promote the high-value utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Huan Jiao
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Gegu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest ResourcesInternational Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195‐2120USA
| | - Zhiqiang Liang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & DevicesJoint International Research Laboratory of Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
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Compton P, Dehkordi NR, Sarrouf S, Ehsan MF, Alshawabkeh AN. In-situ Electrochemical Synthesis of H 2O 2 for p-nitrophenol Degradation Utilizing a Flow-through Three-dimensional Activated Carbon Cathode with Regeneration Capabilities. Electrochim Acta 2023; 441:141798. [PMID: 36874445 PMCID: PMC9983606 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growing ubiquity of recalcitrant organic contaminants in the aqueous environment poses risks to effective and efficient water treatment and reuse. A novel three-dimensional (3D) electrochemical flow-through reactor employing activated carbon (AC) encased in a stainless-steel (SS) mesh as a cathode is proposed for the removal and degradation of a model recalcitrant contaminant p-nitrophenol (PNP), a toxic compound that is not easily biodegradable or naturally photolyzed, can accumulate and lead to adverse environmental health outcomes, and is one of the more frequently detected pollutants in the environment. As a stable 3D electrode, granular AC supported by a SS mesh frame as a cathode is hypothesized to 1) electrogenerate H2O2 via a 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction on the AC surface, 2) initiate decomposition of this electrogenerated H2O2 to form hydroxyl radicals on catalytic sites of the AC surface 3) remove PNP molecules from the waste stream via adsorption, and 4) co-locate the PNP contaminant on the carbon surface to allow for oxidation by formed hydroxyl radicals. Additionally, this design is utilized to electrochemically regenerate the AC within the cathode that is significantly saturated with PNP to allow for environmentally friendly and economic reuse of this material. Under flow conditions with optimized parameters, the 3D AC electrode is nearly 20% more effective than traditional adsorption in removing PNP. 30 grams of AC within the 3D electrode can remove 100% of the PNP compound and 92% of TOC under flow. The carbon within the 3D cathode can be electrochemically regenerated in the proposed flow system and design thereby increasing the adsorptive capacity by 60%. Moreover, in combination with continuous electrochemical treatment, the total PNP removal is enhanced by 115% over adsorption. It is anticipated this platform holds great promises to eliminate analogous contaminants as well as mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Compton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nazli Rafei Dehkordi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Sarrouf
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad Fahad Ehsan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akram N. Alshawabkeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Yin L, Hu P, Liang C, Wang J, Li M, Qu W. Construction of self-supporting ultra-micropores lignin-based carbon nanofibers with high areal desalination capacity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1415-1425. [PMID: 36435463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a renewable biomacromolecule that can be used as precursors for carbon materials. In this work, highly flexible lignin-based carbon nanofibers with abundant ultra-micropores are constructed via electrospinning, oxidative stabilization and carbonization. The results indicate that replacing PAN with 80 % lignin is feasible in regulating ultra-micropores. The synthesized L4P1-CNFs possess many attractive properties (e.g., pore size distribution, electrochemical and deionization property) compared with that produced from other non-renewable precursors or more-complexed processes. It shows excellent electrochemical double-layer capacitance in 6 M KOH (233 to 162 F g-1 at 0.5 to 5 A g-1) and 1 M NaCl (158 to 82 F g-1 at 0.5 to 5 A g-1) electrolytes. Upon assembling into CDI cells, the average salt adsorption rate could reach 1.79 mg g-1 min-1 at 1.2 V and 3.32 mg g-1 min-1 at 2 V in 500 mg L-1. Benefiting from the excellent flexibility, we innovatively stack four layers of L4P1-CNFs to improve the areal electrosorption capacity to 0.0817 mg cm-2 at 500 mg L-1, significantly higher than that of traditional carbon-based electrodes. The good desalination property makes lignin-based carbon nanofibers ideal for practical, low-cost capacitive deionization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Yin
- Laboratory of Lignin-based Materials, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Pengyu Hu
- Laboratory of Lignin-based Materials, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wangda Qu
- Laboratory of Lignin-based Materials, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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5
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Wang XR, Wang X, Nian HE, Chen T, Zhang L, Song S, Li JH, Wang Y. Hierarchical MXene/Polypyrrole-Decorated Carbon Nanofibers for Asymmetrical Capacitive Deionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:53150-53164. [PMID: 36394639 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has emerged as a promising electric-field-driven technology for brackish water desalination and specific salt or charged ion separation. The use of carbon-based or pseudocapacitive materials alone for MCDI usually suffers from the drawbacks of low desalination capacity and poor cycling stability due to their limited accessible adsorption sites and obstructed charge-carrier diffusion pathways. Therefore, developing a hybrid electrode material with multiple charge storage mechanisms and continuous electron/ion transport pathways that can synergistically improve its specific capacitance and cycling durability has currently become one of the most critical technical demands. Herein, we developed a novel hierarchically architectured hybrid electrode by first spinning MXene into polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofibers (MCNFs) to obtain a highly conductive carbon nanocomposite framework. The excellent spatial support structure can effectively prevent the dense packing of Cl-- and DBS--doped polypyrrole (PPy) molecular chains during the following electrodeposition process, which not only ensures the efficient transport of electrons in the continuous hybrid carbon nanofibrous skeleton but also provides abundant accessible sites for ion adsorption and insertion. The obtained self-supporting membrane electrodes (MCNF@PPy+Cl- and MCNF@PPy+DBS-) have the advantages of outstanding specific capacitance (318.4 and 153.9 F/g, respectively), low charge transfer resistance (10.0 and 5.3 Ω, respectively), and excellent cycling performance (78% and 90% capacitance retention ratios, respectively, after 250 electrochemical cycles). Furthermore, the asymmetrical membrane electrodes showed a superior desalination capacity of 91.2 mg g-1 in 500 mg/L NaCl aqueous solution and obvious divalent ion (Ca2+, Mg2+) selective adsorption properties in high-salt water from the cooling towers of thermal power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-En Nian
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qinghai266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Chen
- Institute of Mineral Resources Research, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Beijing101300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Zhunneng Gangue Power Company, China Energy Investment Corporation, Ordos, Inner Mongolia010300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
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Chen K, He ZJ, Liu ZH, Ragauskas AJ, Li BZ, Yuan YJ. Emerging Modification Technologies of Lignin-based Activated Carbon toward Advanced Applications. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201284. [PMID: 36094056 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) is a promising high-quality functional material due to high surface area, abundant porous structure, and various functional groups. Modification is the most important step to functionalize LAC by altering its porous and chemical properties. This Review summarizes the state-of-the-art modification technologies of LAC toward advanced applications. Promising modification approaches are reviewed to display their effects on the preparation of LAC. The multiscale changes in the porosity and the surface chemistry of LAC are fully discussed. Advanced applications are then introduced to show the potential of LAC for supercapacitor electrode, catalyst support, hydrogen storage, and carbon dioxide capture. Finally, the mechanistic structure-function relationships of LAC are elaborated. These results highlight that modification technologies play a special role in altering the properties and defining the functionalities of LAC, which could be a promising porous carbon material toward industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jing He
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 37996 TN, USA
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, 37996 TN, USA
- Joint Institute for Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, 37830 TN, USA
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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El-Deen AG, El-kholly HK, Ali MEM, Ibrahim HS, Zahran M, Helal M, Choi JH. Polystyrene sulfonate coated activated graphene aerogel for boosting desalination performance using capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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8
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Tsai SW, Cuong DV, Hou CH. Selective capture of ammonium ions from municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent with a nickel hexacyanoferrate electrode. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118786. [PMID: 35779455 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, intercalation materials such as Prussian blue analogs have attracted considerable attention in water treatment applications due to their excellent size-based selectivity toward cations. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of using a nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) electrode for selective NH4+ capture from effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. To assess the competitive intercalation between NH4+ and other common cations (Na+, Ca2+), a NiHCF//activated carbon (AC) hybrid capacitive deionization (CDI) cell was established to treat mixed-salt solutions. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis showed a higher current response of the NiHCF electrode toward NH4+ ions than toward Na+ and Ca2+ ions. In a single-salt solution with NH4+, the optimized operating voltage of the hybrid CDI cell was 0.8 V, with a higher salt adsorption capacity (51.2 mg/g) than those obtained at other voltages (0.1, 0.4, 1.2 V). In a multisalt solution containing NH4+, Na+, and Ca2+ ions, the selectivity coefficients of NH4+/Ca2+ and NH4+/Na+ were 9.5 and 4.9, respectively. The feasibility of selective NH4+ capture using the NiHCF electrode in a hybrid CDI cell was demonstrated by treating the effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The intercalation preference of the NiHCF electrode with the WWTP effluent was NH4+>K+>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+, and NH4+ showed the highest salt adsorption capacity among the cations during consecutive cycles. Our results revealed that cations with smaller hydrated radii and lower (de)hydration energies were more favorably intercalated by the NiHCF electrode. The results provide important knowledge regarding the use of intercalation-type electrodes for selective nutrient removal and recovery from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dinh Viet Cuong
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chia-Hung Hou
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4. Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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9
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Zornitta RL, Ruotolo LA, de Smet LC. High-Performance Carbon Electrodes Modified with Polyaniline for Stable and Selective Anion Separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Datar SD, Mane R, Jha N. Recent progress in materials and architectures for capacitive deionization: A comprehensive review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10696. [PMID: 35289462 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization is an emerging and rapidly developing electrochemical technique for water desalination across the globe with exponential growth in publications. There are various architectures and materials being explored to obtain utmost electrosorption performance. The symmetric architectures consist of the same material on both electrodes, while asymmetric architectures have electrodes loaded with different materials. Asymmetric architectures possess higher electrosorption performance as compared with that of symmetric architectures owing to the inclusion of either faradaic materials, redox-active electrolytes, or ion specific pre-intercalation material. With the materials perspective, faradaic materials have higher electrosorption performance than carbon-based materials owing to the occurrence of faradaic reactions for electrosorption. Moreover, the architecture and material may be tailored in order to obtain desired selectivity of the target component and heavy metal present in feed water. In this review, we describe recent developments in architectures and materials for capacitive deionization and summarize the characteristics and salt removal performances. Further, we discuss recently reported architectures and materials for the removal of heavy metals and radioactive materials. The factors that affect the electrosorption performance including the synthesis procedure for electrode materials, incorporation of additives, operational modes, and organic foulants are further illustrated. This review concludes with several perspectives to provide directions for further development in the subject of capacitive deionization. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a rapidly developing electrochemical water desalination technique with exponential growth in publications. Faradaic materials have higher salt removal capacity (SAC) because of reversible redox reactions or ion-intercalation processes. Combination of CDI with other techniques exhibits improved selectivity and removal of heavy metals. Operational parameters and materials properties affect SAC. In future, comprehensive experimentation is needed to have better understanding of the performance of CDI architectures and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreerang D Datar
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Rupali Mane
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Neetu Jha
- Department of Physics, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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11
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Son JW, Choi JH. Suppression of electrode reactions and enhancement of the desalination performance of capacitive deionization using a composite carbon electrode coated with an ion-exchange polymer. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Li Q, Zheng Y, Xiao D, Or T, Gao R, Li Z, Feng M, Shui L, Zhou G, Wang X, Chen Z. Faradaic Electrodes Open a New Era for Capacitive Deionization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002213. [PMID: 33240769 PMCID: PMC7675053 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging desalination technology for effective removal of ionic species from aqueous solutions. Compared to conventional CDI, which is based on carbon electrodes and struggles with high salinity streams due to a limited salt removal capacity by ion electrosorption and excessive co-ion expulsion, the emerging Faradaic electrodes provide unique opportunities to upgrade the CDI performance, i.e., achieving much higher salt removal capacities and energy-efficient desalination for high salinity streams, due to the Faradaic reaction for ion capture. This article presents a comprehensive overview on the current developments of Faradaic electrode materials for CDI. Here, the fundamentals of Faradaic electrode-based CDI are first introduced in detail, including novel CDI cell architectures, key CDI performance metrics, ion capture mechanisms, and the design principles of Faradaic electrode materials. Three main categories of Faradaic electrode materials are summarized and discussed regarding their crystal structure, physicochemical characteristics, and desalination performance. In particular, the ion capture mechanisms in Faradaic electrode materials are highlighted to obtain a better understanding of the CDI process. Moreover, novel tailored applications, including selective ion removal and contaminant removal, are specifically introduced. Finally, the remaining challenges and research directions are also outlined to provide guidelines for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Dengji Xiao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Tyler Or
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationJilin Normal UniversityChangchun130103P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationJilin Normal UniversityChangchun130103P. R. China
| | - Ming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of EducationJilin Normal UniversityChangchun130103P. R. China
| | - Lingling Shui
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics and International Academy of Optoelectronics at ZhaoqingSouth China Normal UniversityGuangdong510631P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringWaterloo Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada
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13
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Pan SY, Haddad AZ, Kumar A, Wang SW. Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization at the water-energy nexus. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116064. [PMID: 32745671 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present a critical review of the reported performance of reverse osmosis (RO) and capacitive deionization (CDI) for brackish water (salinity < 5.0 g/L) desalination from the aspects of engineering, energy, economy and environment. We first illustrate the criteria and the key performance indicators to evaluate the performance of brackish water desalination. We then systematically summarize technological information of RO and CDI, focusing on the effect of key parameters on desalination performance, as well as energy-water efficiency, economic costs and environmental impacts (including carbon footprint). We provide in-depth discussion on the interconnectivity between desalination and energy, and the trade-off between kinetics and energetics for RO and CDI as critical factors for comparison. We also critique the results of technical-economic assessment for RO and CDI plants in the context of large-scale deployment, with focus on lifetime-oriented consideration to total costs, balance between energy efficiency and clean water production, and pretreatment/post-treatment requirements. Finally, we illustrate the challenges and opportunities for future brackish water desalination, including hybridization for energy-efficient brackish water desalination, co-removal of specific components in brackish water, and sustainable brine management with innovative utilization. Our study reveals that both RO and CDI should play important roles in water reclamation and resource recovery from brackish water, especially for inland cities or rural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Andrew Z Haddad
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Arkadeep Kumar
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 251301, Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Sahin S, Dykstra JE, Zuilhof H, Zornitta RL, de Smet LC. Modification of Cation-Exchange Membranes with Polyelectrolyte Multilayers to Tune Ion Selectivity in Capacitive Deionization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34746-34754. [PMID: 32589009 PMCID: PMC7404204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a desalination technique that can be applied for the separation of target ions from water streams. For instance, mono- and divalent cation selectivities were studied by other research groups in the context of water softening. Another focus is on removing Na+ from recirculated irrigation water (IW) in greenhouses, aiming to maintain nutrients. This is important as an excess of Na+ has toxic effects on plant growth by decreasing the uptake of other nutrients. In this study, we investigated the selective separation of sodium (Na+) and magnesium (Mg2+) in MCDI using a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) on a standard grade cation-exchange membrane (Neosepta, CMX). Alternating layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) were coated on a CMX membrane (CMX-PEM) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The layer formation was examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static water contact angle measurements (SWA) for each layer. For each membrane, i.e., the CMX-PEM membrane, CMX membrane, and for a special-grade cation-exchange membrane (Neosepta, CIMS), the Na+/Mg2+ selectivity was investigated by performing MCDI experiments, and selectivity values of 2.8 ± 0.2, 0.5 ± 0.04, and 0.4 ± 0.1 were found, respectively, over up to 40 cycles. These selectivity values indicate flexible switching from a Mg2+-selective membrane to a Na+-selective membrane by straightforward modification with a PEM. We anticipate that our modular functionalization method may facilitate the further development of ion-selective membranes and electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Sahin
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke E. Dykstra
- Environmental
Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafael L. Zornitta
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +31-317484810
| | - Louis C.P.M. de Smet
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +31-317481268
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15
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Torkamanzadeh M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Budak Ö, Srimuk P, Presser V. MXene/Activated-Carbon Hybrid Capacitive Deionization for Permselective Ion Removal at Low and High Salinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26013-26025. [PMID: 32402190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional, layered transition metal carbides (MXenes) are an intriguing class of intercalation-type electrodes for electrochemical applications. The ability for preferred counterion uptake qualifies MXenes as an attractive material for electrochemical desalination. Our work explores Ti3C2Tx-MXene paired with activated carbon in such a way that both electrodes operate in an optimized potential range. This is accomplished by electrode mass balancing and control over the cell voltage. Thereby, we enable effective remediation of saline media with low (brackish) and high (seawater-like) ionic strength by using 20 and 600 mM aqueous NaCl solutions. It is shown that MXene/activated-carbon asymmetric cell design capitalizes on the permselective behavior of MXene in sodium removal, which in turn forces carbon to mirror the same behavior in the removal of chloride ions. This has minimized the notorious co-ion desorption of carbon in highly saline media (600 mM NaCl) and boosted the charge efficiency from 4% in a symmetric activated-carbon/activated-carbon cell to 85% in a membrane-less asymmetric MXene/activated-carbon cell. Stable electrochemical performance for up to 100 cycles is demonstrated, yielding average desalination capacities of 8 and 12 mg/g, respectively, for membrane-less MXene/activated-carbon cells in NaCl solutions of 600 mM (seawater-level) and 20 mM (brackish-water-level). In the case of the 20 mM NaCl solutions, surprising charge efficiency values of over 100% have been obtained, which is attributed to the role of MXene interlayer surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Torkamanzadeh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhang
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Öznil Budak
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pattarachai Srimuk
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Presser
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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16
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Govindan B, Alhseinat E, Darawsheh IFF, Ismail I, Polychronopoulou K, Jaoude MA, Arangadi AF, Banat F. Activated Carbon Derived from
Phoenix dactylifera
(Palm Tree) and Decorated with MnO
2
Nanoparticles for Enhanced Hybrid Capacitive Deionization Electrodes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Govindan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Emad Alhseinat
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water TechnologyKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ismail F. F. Darawsheh
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Issam Ismail
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Catalysis and SeparationKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Catalysis and SeparationKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Maguy Abi Jaoude
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water TechnologyKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Catalysis and SeparationKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of ChemistryKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Abdul F. Arangadi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical EngineeringKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water TechnologyKhalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE
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17
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Carmona-Orbezo A, Le Fevre LW, Dryfe RA. Performance optimization of carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization by potentiostatic analysis. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Bharath G, Rambabu K, Banat F, Hai A, Arangadi AF, Ponpandian N. Enhanced electrochemical performances of peanut shell derived activated carbon and its Fe 3O 4 nanocomposites for capacitive deionization of Cr(VI) ions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:713-726. [PMID: 31325869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) is one of the most efficient and emerging techniques for the removal of toxic metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, mesoporous peanut shell derived activated carbon (PSAC) was prepared by low temperature pyrolysis at 500 °C. Subsequently, a novel iron oxide/PSAC (Fe3O4/PSAC) nanocomposite adsorbent was prepared via facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis method at 180 °C. Nucleation growth mechanism and appropriate characterizations of prepared nanocomposites were investigated. The obtained Fe3O4/PSAC possessed a highly mesoporous structure, and a large specific surface area (680 m2/g). The electrochemical analysis showed that the obtained Fe3O4/PSAC nanocomposites exhibited higher capacitance (610 F/g at 10 mV/s), good stability and low internal resistance. A batch mode adsorption and CDI based Cr(VI) removal studies were conducted. Effects of solution pH and cycle time on Cr(VI) electrosorption capacity were further investigated. The Fe3O4/PSAC based electrodes exhibit a maximum electrosorption capacity of 24.5 mg/g at 1.2 V, which was remarkably larger than other reported materials. The fabricated composite displayed higher electrosorption capacity with rapid time and a favorable reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr(III). Studies indicated that the Fe3O4/PSAC based CDI electrode possesses a good potential to be applied for the removal of toxic metal ions from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdul Hai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul Fahim Arangadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - N Ponpandian
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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19
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Ma D, Cai Y, Wang Y, Xu S, Wang J, Khan MU. Grafting the Charged Functional Groups on Carbon Nanotubes for Improving the Efficiency and Stability of Capacitive Deionization Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17617-17628. [PMID: 31013424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the capacitive deionization (CDI) process, the degradation of desalting performance is predominantly due to the co-ion expulsion effect and electrode oxidation. To overcome these complications, carbon nanotubes grafted with amine and sulfonic functional groups respectively were prepared and used as the CDI electrodes. The structural characterizations and performance tests confirmed that a uniform functional layer was formed on the surface of the modified electrodes and it enhanced the ion selectivity and wettability of the electrode surface. Moreover, the effects of the functional layer on the electrode stability were investigated by circulating CV tests and desalination tests. The positive shift value of the potential of zero charge (PZC) for the as-prepared electrodes was tested as a quantitative indication for their possible surface oxidation during cyclic tests. Analysis of the PZC variation and desalting performance demonstrated that the excellent desalting stability was achieved by the Cell N-S assembled with the ammoniated CNTs electrode as anode and sulfonated CNTs electrode as cathode. Because the functional layer could preserve the pores system on the modified electrodes and diminish the parasitic reactions that exacerbate the electrode oxidation. This work provides an effective strategy for promoting the electrode performance and prolonging the life of the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Ma
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yanmeng Cai
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yue Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Shichang Xu
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Maaz Ullah Khan
- Chemical Engineering Research Center, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
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20
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Bhat MY, Yadav N, Hashmi S. Pinecone-derived porous activated carbon for high performance all-solid-state electrical double layer capacitors fabricated with flexible gel polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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21
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Chen YJ, Liu CF, Hsu CC, Hu CC. An integrated strategy for improving the desalination performances of activated carbon-based capacitive deionization systems. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Xie Z, Shang X, Yan J, Hussain T, Nie P, Liu J. Biomass-derived porous carbon anode for high-performance capacitive deionization. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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