1
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Quinson J, Kunz S, Arenz M. Surfactant-Free Colloidal Syntheses of Precious Metal Nanoparticles for Improved Catalysts. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Quinson J, Aalling-Frederiksen O, Dacayan WL, Bjerregaard JD, Jensen KD, Jørgensen MRV, Kantor I, Sørensen DR, Theil Kuhn L, Johnson MS, Escudero-Escribano M, Simonsen SB, Jensen KMØ. Surfactant-Free Colloidal Syntheses of Gold-Based Nanomaterials in Alkaline Water and Mono-alcohol Mixtures. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:2173-2190. [PMID: 36936178 PMCID: PMC10018736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and gold-based nanomaterials combine unique properties relevant for medicine, imaging, optics, sensing, catalysis, and energy conversion. While the Turkevich-Frens and Brust-Schiffrin methods remain the state-of-the-art colloidal syntheses of Au NPs, there is a need for more sustainable and tractable synthetic strategies leading to new model systems. In particular, stabilizers are almost systematically used in colloidal syntheses, but they can be detrimental for fundamental and applied studies. Here, a surfactant-free synthesis of size-controlled colloidal Au NPs stable for months is achieved by the simple reduction of HAuCl4 at room temperature in alkaline solutions of low-viscosity mono-alcohols such as ethanol or methanol and water, without the need for any other additives. Palladium (Pd) and bimetallic Au x Pd y NPs, nanocomposites and multimetallic samples, are also obtained and are readily active (electro)catalysts. The multiple benefits over the state-of-the-art syntheses that this simple synthesis bears for fundamental and applied research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Department
of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Biochemical
and Chemical Engineering Department, Aarhus
University, Åbogade 40, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Waynah L. Dacayan
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Fysikvej Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joachim D. Bjerregaard
- Department
of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mads R. V. Jørgensen
- Department
of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, SE-224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Innokenty Kantor
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, SE-224 84 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, The Technical University of
Denmark, Fysikvej Building
311, DK-2800 Kgs.
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Daniel R. Sørensen
- Department
of Chemistry and iNANO, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, SE-224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Fysikvej Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department
of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, UAB Campus, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig de Lluís Companys,
23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Søren B. Simonsen
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Fysikvej Building 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Copenhagen University, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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3
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Surfactant- and Ligand-Free Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution for Catalytic Applications. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of surfactant-free and organic ligand-free metallic nanoparticles in solution remains challenging due to the nanoparticles’ tendency to aggregate. Surfactant- and ligand-free nanoparticles are particularly desirable in catalytic applications as surfactants, and ligands can block access to the nanoparticles’ surfaces. In this contribution, platinum nanoparticles are synthesized in aqueous solution without surfactants or bound organic ligands. Pt is reduced by sodium borohydride, and the borohydride has a dual role of reducing agent and weakly interacting stabilizer. The 5.3 nm Pt nanoparticles are characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Pt nanoparticles are then applied as catalysts in two different reactions: the redox reaction of hexacyanoferrate(III) and thiosulfate ions, and H2O2 decomposition. Catalytic activity is observed for both reactions, and the Pt nanoparticles show up to an order of magnitude greater activity over the most active catalysts reported in the literature for hexacyanoferrate(III)/thiosulfate redox reactions. It is hypothesized that this enhanced catalytic activity is due to the increased electron density that the surrounding borohydride ions give to the Pt nanoparticle surface, as well as the absence of surfactants or organic ligands blocking surface sites.
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4
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Optimisation of the ethylene glycol reduction method for the synthesis of platinum-ceria-carbon materials as catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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5
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Mints VA, Pedersen JK, Bagger A, Quinson J, Anker AS, Jensen KMØ, Rossmeisl J, Arenz M. Exploring the Composition Space of High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles for the Electrocatalytic H 2/CO Oxidation with Bayesian Optimization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A. Mints
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jack K. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Andy S. Anker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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6
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Babayevska N, Przysiecka Ł, Iatsunskyi I, Nowaczyk G, Jarek M, Janiszewska E, Jurga S. ZnO size and shape effect on antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity profile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8148. [PMID: 35581357 PMCID: PMC9114415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our work was the synthesis of ZnO nano- and microparticles and to study the effect of shapes and sizes on cytotoxicity towards normal and cancer cells and antibacterial activity toward two kinds of bacteria. We fabricated ZnO nano- and microparticles through facile chemical and physical routes. The crystal structure, morphology, textural properties, and photoluminescent properties were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopies, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The obtained ZnO structures were highly crystalline and monodispersed with intensive green emission. ZnO NPs and NRs showed the strongest antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to microparticles due to their high specific surface area. However, the ZnO HSs at higher concentrations also strongly inhibited bacterial growth. S. aureus strain was more sensitive to ZnO particles than the E. coli. ZnO NPs and NRs were more harmful to cancer cell lines than to normal ones at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Babayevska
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Łucja Przysiecka
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Igor Iatsunskyi
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Nowaczyk
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Jarek
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Janiszewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Stefan Jurga
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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7
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Juelsholt M, Quinson J, Kjær ETS, Wang B, Pittkowski R, Cooper SR, Kinnibrugh TL, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Escudero-Escribano M, Jensen KMØ. Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:230-235. [PMID: 35281627 PMCID: PMC8895034 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A surfactant-free synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles (NPs) performed in alkaline low-boiling-point solvents has been recently reported. Monoalcohols are here investigated as solvents and reducing agents to obtain colloidal Os nanoparticles by using low-temperature (<100 °C) surfactant-free syntheses. The effect of the precursor (OsCl3 or H2OsCl6), precursor concentration (up to 100 mM), solvent (methanol or ethanol), presence or absence of a base (NaOH), and addition of water (0 to 100 vol %) on the resulting nanomaterials is discussed. It is found that no base is required to obtain Os nanoparticles as opposed to the case of Pt or Ir NPs. The robustness of the synthesis for a precursor concentration up to 100 mM allows for the performance of X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, which shows that 1-2 nm hexagonal close packed (hcp) NPs are formed from chain-like [OsO x Cl y ] complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Emil T S Kjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Baiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Pittkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Susan R Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Tiffany L Kinnibrugh
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs., Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs., Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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8
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Mathiesen J, Cooper SR, Anker AS, Kinnibrugh TL, Jensen KMØ, Quinson J. Simple Setup Miniaturization with Multiple Benefits for Green Chemistry in Nanoparticle Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4714-4721. [PMID: 35155963 PMCID: PMC8829938 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanomaterials often relies on wet-chemical synthesis performed in reflux setups using round-bottom flasks. Here, an alternative approach to synthesize nanomaterials is presented that uses glass tubes designed for NMR analysis as reactors. This approach uses less solvent and energy, generates less waste, provides safer conditions, is less prone to contamination, and is compatible with high-throughput screening. The benefits of this approach are illustrated by an in breadth study with the synthesis of gold, iridium, osmium, and copper sulfide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette
K. Mathiesen
- Chemistry
Department, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susan R. Cooper
- Chemistry
Department, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andy S. Anker
- Chemistry
Department, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh
- X-ray
Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen
- Chemistry
Department, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Chemistry
Department, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Ma Z, Chen C, Cui X, Zeng L, Wang L, Jiang W, Shi J. Hydrogen Evolution/Oxidation Electrocatalysts by the Self-Activation of Amorphous Platinum. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44224-44233. [PMID: 34498841 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous nanostructures usually exhibit special and intriguing catalytic activities, and the electrochemical performance can be tuned during operation. Herein, a facile approach of the self-activation of amorphous platinum (A-Pt) nanospheres has been applied to develop a durable and efficient hydrogen electrode catalyst toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), which was in situ converted to crystalline counterparts and partially oxidized during the electrochemical cycling, leading to the self-activated enhancements of both HER and HOR activities with the decreased overpotential by 5 times and the increased hydrogen oxidation current density by 67%, respectively. Especially, in addition to 12 times higher mass activity compared to benchmark Pt/C, in situ-activated A-Pt also demonstrated a lower HER overpotential even after 20 000 cycles than Pt/C. The significantly improved catalytic performance benefits from the rapid self-reconstruction processes (crystallization and oxidation) of the amorphous Pt during electrochemical cycling. This work shows the intriguing properties of the amorphous nanostructure and provides a new idea for designing an efficient electrocatalyst by phase engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zeng
- Institute of Rare Metals, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510070, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Bizzotto F, Quinson J, Schröder J, Zana A, Arenz M. Surfactant-free colloidal strategies for highly dispersed and active supported IrO2 catalysts: Synthesis and performance evaluation for the oxygen evolution reaction. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Mathiesen JK, Quinson J, Dworzak A, Vosch T, Juelsholt M, Kjær ETS, Schröder J, Kirkensgaard JJK, Oezaslan M, Arenz M, Jensen KMØ. Insights from In Situ Studies on the Early Stages of Platinum Nanoparticle Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3224-3231. [PMID: 33764071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation of nanomaterials down to the atomic level is key to rational design of advanced materials. Despite their widespread use and intensive study over the years, the detailed formation mechanism of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles remains challenging to explore and rationalize. Here, various in situ characterization techniques, and in particular X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, are used to follow the structural and chemical changes taking place during a surfactant-free synthesis of Pt nanoparticles in alkaline methanol. Polynuclear structures form at the beginning of the synthesis, and Pt-Pt pair distances are identified before any nanoparticles are generated. The structural motifs best describing the species formed change with time, e.g., from [PtCl5-PtCl5] and [PtCl6-Pt2Cl6-PtCl6] to [Pt2Cl10-Pt3Cl8-Pt2Cl10]. The formation of these polynuclear structures with Pt-Pt coordination before the formation of the nanoparticles is suggested to account for the fast nucleation observed in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jette K Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Dworzak
- School of Mathematics and Science, Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Strasse 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Emil T S Kjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- School of Mathematics and Science, Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
- Technical Electrocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt Strasse 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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12
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Quinson J, Kunz S, Arenz M. Beyond Active Site Design: A Surfactant‐Free Toolbox Approach for Optimized Supported Nanoparticle Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Chemistry Department University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Sebastian Kunz
- Südzucker AG Central Department Research, Development and Services (CRDS) Wormser Strasse 11 67283 Obrigheim Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- University of Bern Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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13
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Nguyen CM, Frias Batista LM, John MG, Rodrigues CJ, Tibbetts KM. Mechanism of Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoparticle Formation by Laser Coreduction of Gold and Silver Ions in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:907-917. [PMID: 33439650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reduction of aqueous Ag+ and [AuCl4]- into alloy Au-Ag nanoparticles (Au-Ag NPs) with intense laser pulses is a green synthesis approach that requires no toxic chemical reducing agents or stabilizers; however size control without capping agents still remains a challenge. Hydrated electrons produced in the laser plasma can reduce both [AuCl4]- and Ag+ to form NPs, but hydroxyl radicals (OH·) in the plasma inhibit Ag NP formation by promoting the back-oxidation of Ag0 into Ag+. In this work, femtosecond laser reduction is used to synthesize Au-Ag NPs with controlled compositions by adding the OH· scavenger isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to precursor solutions containing KAuCl4 and AgClO4. With sufficient IPA concentration, varying the precursor ratio enabled control over the Au-Ag NP composition and produced alloy NPs with average sizes less than 10 nm and homogeneous molar compositions of Au and Ag. By investigating the kinetics of Ag+ and [AuCl4]- coreduction, we find that the reduction of [AuCl4]- into Au-Ag NPs occurs before most of the Ag+ is incorporated, giving us insight into the mechanism of Au-Ag NP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Laysa M Frias Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Mallory G John
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Collin J Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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14
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Efimov AA, Arsenov PV, Borisov VI, Buchnev AI, Lizunova AA, Kornyushin DV, Tikhonov SS, Musaev AG, Urazov MN, Shcherbakov MI, Spirin DV, Ivanov VV. Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Spark Discharge as a Facile and Versatile Technique of Preparing Highly Conductive Pt Nano-Ink for Printed Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:234. [PMID: 33477440 PMCID: PMC7830501 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective, scalable and versatile method of preparing nano-ink without hazardous chemical precursors is a prerequisite for widespread adoption of printed electronics. Precursor-free synthesis by spark discharge is promising for this purpose. The synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using a spark discharge under Ar, N2, and air has been investigated to prepare highly conductive nano-ink. The size, chemical composition, and mass production rate of PtNPs significantly depended on the carrier gas. Pure metallic PtNPs with sizes of 5.5 ± 1.8 and 7.1 ± 2.4 nm were formed under Ar and N2, respectively. PtNPs with sizes of 18.2 ± 9.0 nm produced using air consisted of amorphous oxide PtO and metallic Pt. The mass production rates of PtNPs were 53 ± 6, 366 ± 59, and 490 ± 36 mg/h using a spark discharge under Ar, N2, and air, respectively. It was found that the energy dissipated in the spark gap is not a significant parameter that determines the mass production rate. Stable Pt nano-ink (25 wt.%) was prepared only on the basis of PtNPs synthesized under air. Narrow (about 30 μm) and conductive Pt lines were formed by the aerosol jet printing with prepared nano-ink. The resistivity of the Pt lines sintered at 750 °C was (1.2 ± 0.1)·10-7 Ω·m, which is about 1.1 times higher than that of bulk Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Efimov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Pavel V. Arsenov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Vladislav I. Borisov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Arseny I. Buchnev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Anna A. Lizunova
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Denis V. Kornyushin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Sergey S. Tikhonov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Andrey G. Musaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Maxim N. Urazov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
| | - Mikhail I. Shcherbakov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia;
| | | | - Victor V. Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research University, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (P.V.A.); (V.I.B.); (A.I.B.); (A.A.L.); (D.V.K.); (S.S.T.); (A.G.M.); (M.N.U.); (V.V.I.)
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15
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Quinson J, Jensen KM. From platinum atoms in molecules to colloidal nanoparticles: A review on reduction, nucleation and growth mechanisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 286:102300. [PMID: 33166723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) is one of the most studied materials in catalysis today and considered for a wide range of applications: chemical synthesis, energy conversion, air treatment, water purification, sensing, medicine etc. As a limited and non-renewable resource, optimized used of Pt is key. Nanomaterial design offers multiple opportunities to make the most of Pt resources down to the atomic scale. In particular, colloidal syntheses of Pt nanoparticles are well documented and simple to implement, which accounts for the large interest in research and development. For further breakthroughs in the design of Pt nanomaterials, a deeper understanding of the intricate synthesis-structures-properties relations of Pt nanoparticles must be obtained. Understanding how Pt nanoparticles form from molecular precursors is both a challenging and rewarding area of investigation. It is directly relevant to develop improved Pt nanomaterials but is also a source of inspiration to design other precious metal nanostructures. Here, we review the current understanding of Pt nanoparticle formation. This review is aimed at readers with interest in Pt nanoparticles in general and their colloidal syntheses in particular. Readers with a strongest interest on the study of nanomaterial formation will find here the case study of Pt. The preferred model systems and characterization techniques used to perform the study of Pt nanoparticle syntheses are discussed. In light of recent achievements, further direction and areas of research are proposed.
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16
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Quinson J, Neumann S, Kacenauskaite L, Bucher J, Kirkensgaard JJK, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Zana A, Vosch T, Oezaslan M, Kunz S, Arenz M. Solvent-Dependent Growth and Stabilization Mechanisms of Surfactant-Free Colloidal Pt Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2020; 26:9012-9023. [PMID: 32428349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) is key to develop materials by sustainable routes. The Co4CatTM process is a new synthesis of precious metal NPs in alkaline mono-alcohols well-suited to develop active nanocatalysts. The synthesis is 'facile', surfactant-free and performed under mild conditions like low temperature. The reducing properties of the solvent are here shown to strongly influence the formation of Pt NPs. Based on the in situ formation of CO adsorbed on the NP surface by solvent oxidation, a model is proposed that accounts for the different growth and stabilization mechanisms as well as re-dispersion properties of the surfactant-free NPs in different solvents. Using in situ and ex situ characterizations, it is established that in methanol, a slow nucleation with a limited NP growth is achieved. In ethanol, a fast nucleation followed by continuous and pronounced particle sintering occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sarah Neumann
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobenerstraße, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Kacenauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan Bucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jacob J K Kirkensgaard
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Imaging and Structural Analysis, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Imaging and Structural Analysis, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.,Institute of Technical Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kunz
- Institute for Applied and Physical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobenerstraße, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Central Department Research, Development, Technological Services (CRDS), Südzucker AG, Wormser Straße 11, 67283, Obrigheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Quinson J, Kacenauskaite L, Schröder J, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Vosch T, Arenz M. UV-induced syntheses of surfactant-free precious metal nanoparticles in alkaline methanol and ethanol. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2288-2292. [PMID: 36133382 PMCID: PMC9417515 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-free UV-induced syntheses of Pt and Ir nanoparticles in alkaline methanol and ethanol are presented. Small size nanoparticles ca. 2 nm in diameter are obtained without surfactants in a wide range of base concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Laura Kacenauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej Bldg. 310 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej Bldg. 310 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
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18
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Quinson J, Mathiesen JK, Schröder J, Dworzak A, Bizzotto F, Zana A, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Oezaslan M, Jensen KMØ, Arenz M. Teaching old precursors new tricks: Fast room temperature synthesis of surfactant-free colloidal platinum nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 577:319-328. [PMID: 32497917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A fast, simple, instrument-free room temperature synthesis of stable electroactive surfactant-free colloidal Pt nanoparticles in alkaline methanol and methanol-water mixtures is presented. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis suggests that methoxy substitution of chloride ligands from H2PtCl6 occurs in methanol. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies and UV-vis measurements show that solutions of H2PtCl6 in methanol age and are reduced to Pt(II) species over time. These species are ideal precursors to significantly reduce the induction period typically observed in colloidal Pt nanoparticle syntheses as well as the temperature needed to form nanoparticles. The room temperature synthesis presented here allows designing simple in situ studies of the nanoparticle formation. In situ infra-red spectroscopy gives insight into the formation and stabilization mechanism of surfactant-free nanoparticles by CO surface groups. Finally, the surfactant-free nanoparticles ca. 2-3 nm in diameter obtained are shown to be readily active electrocatalysts e.g. for methanol oxidation. The synthesis approach presented bears several advantages to design new studies and new syntheses of surfactant-free colloidal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Quinson
- University of Copenhagen, Chemistry Department, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - J K Mathiesen
- University of Copenhagen, Chemistry Department, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - J Schröder
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Dworzak
- School of Mathematics and Science, Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - F Bizzotto
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Zana
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S B Simonsen
- Technical, University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - L Theil Kuhn
- Technical, University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Oezaslan
- School of Mathematics and Science, Department of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - K M Ø Jensen
- University of Copenhagen, Chemistry Department, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - M Arenz
- University of Bern, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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19
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Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Compounds in the Presence of Carbon Hybrid Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (Pt@CHs) in Oxygen Atmosphere. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5439. [PMID: 32214224 PMCID: PMC7096468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel catalyst which carbon hybrid supported platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by our group for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives. In this study, this catalyst was utilized for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives to benzaldehyde compounds in aqueous toluene at 80 °C. The benzaldehyde derivatives were synthesized in high yields and mild conditions in the presence of the catalyst by the developed method. Additionally, the prepared nanoparticles have been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the high-resolution electron micrograph (HR-TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles determined by the XRD technique was found to be 2.83 nm in parallel with TEM analysis. TEM analysis also indicated that the Pt nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the support material. Finally, the Pt@CHs catalyst was shown also stable and reusable for the oxidation reaction, providing ≤95% conversion after its 3rd consecutive use in the oxidation reaction of various compounds.
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20
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Sharma R, Wang Y, Li F, Chamier J, Andersen SM. Particle Size-Controlled Growth of Carbon-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles (Pt/C) through Water-Assisted Polyol Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15711-15720. [PMID: 31572874 PMCID: PMC6761748 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A water-assisted control of Pt nanoparticle size during a surfactant-free, microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of the carbon-supported platinum nanoparticles (Pt/C) in a mixture of ethylene glycol and water using (NH4)2PtCl6 as the Pt precursor is demonstrated. The particle size was tuned between ∼2 and ∼6 nm by varying either the H2O volume percent or the Pt precursor concentration during synthesis. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and the oxygen-reduction reaction activity obtained for the Pt/C electrocatalyst show a catalytic performance competitive to that of the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts used for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell electrodes (ECSA: ∼70 m2/g; half-wave potential for oxygen reduction reaction: 0.83 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode). The synthesized Pt/C electrocatalysts show durability equivalent to or better than that of the commercial Pt/C. The durability was found to improve with increasing particle size, with the ECSA loss values being ∼70 and ∼55% for the particle sizes of 2.1 and 4.3 nm, respectively. The study may be used as a route to synthesize Pt/C electrocatalysts from a convenient and economic Pt precursor (NH4)2PtCl6 and avoiding the use of alkaline media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghunandan Sharma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and
Energy Engineering, Beijing University of
Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and
Energy Engineering, Beijing University of
Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jessica Chamier
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape
Town, Corner of Madiba Circle and South Lane Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Shuang Ma Andersen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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21
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Bizzotto F, Quinson J, Zana A, Kirkensgaard JJK, Dworzak A, Oezaslan M, Arenz M. Ir nanoparticles with ultrahigh dispersion as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts: synthesis and activity benchmarking. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present a facile and straightforward approach to synthesize, activate and benchmark small, i.e. 1.6 nm in diameter, Ir nanoparticles (NP) as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bizzotto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Chemistry Department
- University of Copenhagen
- 2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandra Dworzak
- School of Mathematics and Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Mehtap Oezaslan
- School of Mathematics and Science
- Department of Chemistry
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität
- 26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Bern
- CH-3012 Bern
- Switzerland
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