1
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Verma PK, McCrory CCL. The influence of exogenous amines on the electrochemical CO 2 reduction activity of a cobalt-pyridyldiimine catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38988236 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Studying the interactions between CO2 sorbents and electrocatalysts for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (e-CO2RR) can offer viable strategies to advance the development of the Reactive Capture of CO2 (RCC). In this report we studied the effect of amines on the performance of the [Co(PDI-Py)] catalyst for the e-CO2RR. The presence of amines shifts the onset potential for the e-CO2RR more positive and increases the catalytic activity while maintaining the high Faradaic efficiency (≥90%) for CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA.
| | - Charles C L McCrory
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA.
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109-1055, USA
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2
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Intrator JA, Velazquez DA, Fan S, Mastrobattista E, Yu C, Marinescu SC. Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to formate by a cobalt phosphino-thiolate complex. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6385-6396. [PMID: 38699267 PMCID: PMC11062087 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to value-added products serves as an attractive method to store renewable energy as energy-dense fuels. Selectivity in this type of conversion can be limited, often leading to the formation of side products such as H2. The activity of a cobalt phosphino-thiolate complex ([Co(triphos)(bdt)]+) towards the selective reduction of CO2 to formate is explored in this report. In the presence of H2O, selective production of formate (as high as 94%) is observed at overpotentials of 750 mV, displaying negligible current degradation during long-term electrolysis experiments ranging as long as 24 hours. Chemical reduction studies of [Co(triphos)(bdt)]+ indicates deligation of the apical phosphine moiety is likely before catalysis. Computational and experimental results suggest a metal-hydride pathway, indicating an ECEC based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Intrator
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - David A Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Sicheng Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Ellie Mastrobattista
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Christine Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
| | - Smaranda C Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 900089 USA
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3
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Liu S, Liu J, Pang S. Catalytic dehydrogenative coupling and reversal of methanol-amines: advances and prospects. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4121-4139. [PMID: 38533605 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00653d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient hydrogen release and storage processes to provide environmentally friendly hydrogen solutions for mobile energy storage systems (MESS) stands as one of the most challenging tasks in addressing the energy crisis and environmental degradation. The catalytic dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and amines (DCMA) and its reverse are featured by high capacity for hydrogen release and storage, enhanced capability to purify the produced hydrogen, avoidance of carbon emissions and singular product composition, offering the environmentally and operationally benign strategy of overcoming the challenges associated with MESS. Particularly, the cycle between these two processes within the same catalytic system eliminates the need for collecting and transporting spent fuel back to a central facility, significantly facilitating easy recharging. Despite the promising attributes of the above strategy for environmentally friendly hydrogen solutions, challenges persist, primarily due to the high thermodynamic barriers encountered in methanol dehydrogenation and amide hydrogenation. By systematically summarizing various reaction mechanisms and pathways involving Ru-, Mn-, Fe-, and Mo-based catalytic systems in the development of catalytic DCMA and its reverse and the cycling between the two, this review highlights the current research landscape, identifies gaps, and suggests directions for future investigations to overcome these challenges. Additionally, the critical importance of developing efficient catalytic systems that operate under milder conditions, thereby facilitating the practical application of DCMA in MESS, is also underscored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Shimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, P. R. China.
| | - Shaofeng Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P. R. China.
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4
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Hussain I, Alasiri H, Ullah Khan W, Alhooshani K. Advanced electrocatalytic technologies for conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol by electrochemical reduction: Recent progress and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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5
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Pattanayak S, Berben LA. Pre-Equilibrium Reaction Mechanism as a Strategy to Enhance Rate and Lower Overpotential in Electrocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3419-3426. [PMID: 36734988 PMCID: PMC9936576 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pre-equilibrium reaction kinetics enable the overall rate of a catalytic reaction to be orders of magnitude faster than the rate-determining step. Herein, we demonstrate how pre-equilibrium kinetics can be applied to breaking the linear free-energy relationship (LFER) for electrocatalysis, leading to rate enhancement 5 orders of magnitude and lowering of overpotential to approximately thermoneutral. This approach is applied to pre-equilibrium formation of a metal-hydride intermediate to achieve fast formate formation rates from CO2 reduction without loss of selectivity (i.e., H2 evolution). Fast pre-equilibrium metal-hydride formation, at 108 M-1 s-1, boosts the CO2 electroreduction to formate rate up to 296 s-1. Compared with molecular catalysts that have similar overpotential, this rate is enhanced by 5 orders of magnitude. As an alternative comparison, overpotential is lowered by ∼50 mV compared to catalysts with a similar rate. The principles elucidated here to obtain pre-equilibrium reaction kinetics via catalyst design are general. Design and development that builds on these principles should be possible in both molecular homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis.
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6
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Wang XS, Yang JY. Translating aqueous CO 2 hydrogenation activity to electrocatalytic reduction with a homogeneous cobalt catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:338-341. [PMID: 36515080 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05473f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A molecular cobalt CO2 hydrogenation catalyst was explored for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction under aqueous conditions. The resulting pH-dependent selectivity between H2 and HCO2- is rationalized with thermodynamic analysis and stoichiometric experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran S Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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7
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Ilic S, Gesiorski JL, Weerasooriya RB, Glusac KD. Biomimetic Metal-Free Hydride Donor Catalysts for CO 2 Reduction. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:844-856. [PMID: 35201767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to fuels and value-added chemicals is of significance for the development of carbon recycling technologies. One of the main challenges associated with catalytic CO2 reduction is product selectivity: the formation of carbon monoxide, molecular hydrogen, formate, methanol, and other products occurs with similar thermodynamic driving forces, making it difficult to selectively reduce CO2 to the target product. Significant scientific effort has been aimed at the development of catalysts that can suppress the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction and direct the reaction toward the selective formation of the desired products, which are easy to handle and store. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, where the CO2 reduction is achieved using NADPH cofactors in the Calvin cycle, we explore biomimetic metal-free hydride donors as catalysts for the selective reduction of CO2 to formate. Here, we outline our recent findings on the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters that control the hydride transfer from metal-free hydrides to CO2. By experimentally measuring and theoretically calculating the thermodynamic hydricities of a range of metal-free hydride donors, we derive structural and electronic factors that affect their hydride-donating abilities. Two dominant factors that contribute to the stronger hydride donors are identified to be (i) the stabilization of the positive charge formed upon HT via aromatization or by the presence of electron-donating groups and (ii) the destabilization of hydride donors through the anomeric effect or in the presence of significant structural constrains in the hydride molecule. Hydride donors with appropriate thermodynamic hydricities were reacted with CO2, and the formation of the formate ion (the first reduction step in CO2 reduction to methanol) was confirmed experimentally, providing an important proof of principle that organocatalytic CO2 reduction is feasible. The kinetics of hydride transfer to CO2 were found to be slow, and the sluggish kinetics were assigned in part to the large self-exchange reorganization energy associated with the organic hydrides in the DMSO solvent. Finally, we outline our approaches to the closure of the catalytic cycle via the electrochemical and photochemical regeneration of the hydride (R-H) from the conjugate hydride acceptors (R+). We illustrate how proton-coupled electron transfer can be efficiently utilized not only to lower the electrochemical potential at which the hydride regeneration takes place but also to suppress the unwanted dimerization that neutral radical intermediates tend to undergo. Overall, this account provides a summary of important milestones achieved in organocatalytic CO2 reduction and provides insights into the future research directions needed for the discovery of inexpensive catalysts for carbon recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jonathan L. Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ravindra B. Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ksenija D. Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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8
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Cheng Y, Hou P, Wang X, Kang P. CO 2 Electrolysis System under Industrially Relevant Conditions. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:231-240. [PMID: 35045254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusCarbon dioxide emissions from consumption of fossil fuels have caused serious climate issues. Rapid deployment of new energies makes renewable energy driven CO2 electroreduction to chemical feedstocks and carbon-neutral fuels a feasible and cost-effective pathway for achieving net-zero emission. With the urgency of the net-zero goal, we initiated our research on CO2 electrolysis with emphasis on industrial relevance.The CO2 molecules are thermodynamically stable due to high activation energy of the two C═O bonds, and efficient electrocatalysts are required to overcome the sluggish dynamics and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. The CO2 electrocatalysts that we have explored include molecular catalysts and nanostructured catalysts. Molecular catalysts are centered on earth abundant elements such as Fe and Co for catalyzing CO2 reduction, and using Fe catalysts, we proposed an amidation strategy for reduction of CO2 to methanol, bypassing the inactive formate pathway. For nanostructured catalysts, we developed a carbon enrichment strategy using nitrogen-rich nanomaterials for selective CO2 reduction.Direct CO2 electroreduction from the flue gas stream represents the "holy grail" in the field, because typical CO2 concentration in flue gas is only 6-15%, posing a significant challenge for CO2 electrolysis. On the other hand, direct electroreduction of CO2 in the flue gas eliminates the carbon capture process and simplifies the overall carbon capture and utilization (CCU) scheme. However, direct flue gas reduction is frustrated by the reactive oxygen (5-8%), low CO2 concentration (6-15%), and potentially toxic impurities. Surface CO2 enrichment catalysts with high O2 tolerance could be viable for achieving direct CO2 electroreduction for decarbonization of flue gas.In addition to the electrocatalysts, the incorporation of catalysts into the electrolyzer and development of a suitable process was also investigated to meet industrial demands. A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is a zero-gap configuration with cathode and anode catalysts coated on either side of an ion exchange membrane. We adopted the MEA configuration due to the structural simplicity, low ohmic resistance, and high efficiency. The electrode factors (for example, membrane type, catalyst layer porosity, and MEA fabrication method) and the electrolyzer factors (for example, flow channels, gas diffusion layer) are critical to highly efficient operation. We separately developed an anion-exchange membrane-based system for CO production and cation-exchange membrane-based system for formate production. The optimized electrolyzer configuration can generate uniform current and voltage distribution in a large-area electrolyzer and operate using an industrial CO2 stream. The optimized process was developed with the targets of long-term continuous operation and no electrolyte consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Rd, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Pengfei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Rd, Tianjin 300072, China
- Huadian Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., Huadian Industry Park, Automobile Museum East Rd, Fengtai, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Carbon Energy Technology Co., Ltd., 69 Yanfu Rd, Funhill, Beijing 102401, China
| | - Peng Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Rd, Tianjin 300072, China
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9
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Kinzel NW, Demirbas D, Bill E, Weyhermüller T, Werlé C, Kaeffer N, Leitner W. Systematic Variation of 3d Metal Centers in a Redox-Innocent Ligand Environment: Structures, Electrochemical Properties, and Carbon Dioxide Activation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19062-19078. [PMID: 34851088 PMCID: PMC8693193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Coordination compounds
of earth-abundant 3d transition metals are
among the most effective catalysts for the electrochemical reduction
of carbon dioxide (CO2). While the properties of the metal
center are crucial for the ability of the complexes to electrochemically
activate CO2, systematic variations of the metal within
an identical, redox-innocent ligand backbone remain insufficiently
investigated. Here, we report on the synthesis, structural and spectroscopic
characterization, and electrochemical investigation of a series of
3d transition-metal complexes [M = Mn(I), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II),
Cu(I), and Zn(II)] coordinated by a new redox-innocent PNP pincer
ligand system. Only the Fe, Co, and Ni complexes reveal distinct metal-centered
electrochemical reductions from M(II) down to M(0) and show indications
for interaction with CO2 in their reduced states. The Ni(0)
d10 species associates with CO2 to form a putative
Aresta-type Ni-η2-CO2 complex, where electron
transfer to CO2 through back-bonding is insufficient to
enable electrocatalytic activity. By contrast, the Co(0) d9 intermediate binding CO2 can undergo additional electron
uptake into a formal cobalt(I) metallacarboxylate complex able to
promote turnover. Our data, together with the few literature precedents,
single out that an unsaturated coordination sphere (coordination number
= 4 or 5) and a d7-to-d9 configuration in the
reduced low oxidation state (+I or 0) are characteristics that foster
electrochemical CO2 activation for complexes based on redox-innocent
ligands. A series of 3d transition-metal complexes
(M = Mn, Fe, Co,
Ni, Cu, and Zn) coordinated by a new redox-innocent PNP pincer ligand
system were synthesized and structurally as well as electrochemically
analyzed to illuminate the role of the metal center in molecular electrochemical
carbon dioxide (CO2) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Derya Demirbas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kaeffer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Kothandaraman J, Saavedra Lopez J, Jiang Y, Walter ED, Burton SD, Dagle RA, Heldebrant DJ. Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO 2 to Methane Using a Water-lean, Post-Combustion CO 2 Capture Solvent. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4812-4819. [PMID: 34418303 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integrated carbon capture and conversion of CO2 into materials (IC3 M) is an attractive solution to meet global energy demand, reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and lower CO2 emissions. Herein, using a water-lean post-combustion capture solvent, [N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-3-morpholinopropan-1-amine] (2-EEMPA), >90 % conversion of captured CO2 to hydrocarbons, mostly methane, is achieved in the presence of a heterogenous Ru catalyst under relatively mild reaction conditions (170 °C and <15 bar H2 pressure). The catalytic performance was better in 2-EEMPA than in aqueous 5 m monoethanol amine (MEA). Operando nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study showed in situ formation of N-formamide intermediate, which underwent further hydrogenation to form methane and other higher hydrocarbons. Technoeconomic analyses (TEA) showed that the proposed integrated process can potentially improve the thermal efficiency by 5 % and reduce the total capital investment and minimum synthetic natural gas (SNG) selling price by 32 % and 12 %, respectively, compared to the conventional Sabatier process, highlighting the energetic and economic benefits of integrated capture and conversion. Methane derived from CO2 and renewable H2 sources is an attractive fuel, and it has great potential as a renewable hydrogen carrier as an environmentally responsible carbon capture and utilization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotheeswari Kothandaraman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Johnny Saavedra Lopez
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Eric D Walter
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Sarah D Burton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Robert A Dagle
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Advances Energy Systems, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
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11
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Kumar A, Daw P, Milstein D. Homogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Energy: Hydrogen and Methanol Economies, Fuels from Biomass, and Related Topics. Chem Rev 2021; 122:385-441. [PMID: 34727501 PMCID: PMC8759071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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As the world pledges
to significantly cut carbon emissions, the
demand for sustainable and clean energy has now become more important
than ever. This includes both production and storage of energy carriers,
a majority of which involve catalytic reactions. This article reviews
recent developments of homogeneous catalysts in emerging applications
of sustainable energy. The most important focus has been on hydrogen
storage as several efficient homogeneous catalysts have been reported
recently for (de)hydrogenative transformations promising to the hydrogen
economy. Another direction that has been extensively covered in this
review is that of the methanol economy. Homogeneous catalysts investigated
for the production of methanol from CO2, CO, and HCOOH
have been discussed in detail. Moreover, catalytic processes for the
production of conventional fuels (higher alkanes such as diesel, wax)
from biomass or lower alkanes have also been discussed. A section
has also been dedicated to the production of ethylene glycol from
CO and H2 using homogeneous catalysts. Well-defined transition
metal complexes, in particular, pincer complexes, have been discussed
in more detail due to their high activity and well-studied mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Prosenjit Daw
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur, Govt. ITI (transit Campus), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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13
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Jakobsen JB, Rønne MH, Daasbjerg K, Skrydstrup T. Are Amines the Holy Grail for Facilitating CO
2
Reduction? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9174-9179. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim B. Jakobsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Magnus H. Rønne
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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14
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Jakobsen JB, Rønne MH, Daasbjerg K, Skrydstrup T. Are Amines the Holy Grail for Facilitating CO
2
Reduction? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim B. Jakobsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Magnus H. Rønne
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC) Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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15
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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16
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Vasilyev DV, Dyson PJ. The Role of Organic Promoters in the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Vasilyev
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Bonetto R, Crisanti F, Sartorel A. Carbon Dioxide Reduction Mediated by Iron Catalysts: Mechanism and Intermediates That Guide Selectivity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21309-21319. [PMID: 32905319 PMCID: PMC7469117 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of carbon dioxide represents an ambitious target, with potential impact on several of the United Nations' sustainable development goals including climate action, renewable energy, sustainable cities, and communities. This process shares a common issue with other redox reactions involved in energy-related schemes (i.e., proton reduction to hydrogen and water oxidation to oxygen), that is, the need for a catalyst in order to proceed at sustainable rates. Moreover, the reduction of CO2 faces an additional selectivity complication, since several products can be formed, including carbon monoxide, formic acid/formate, methanol, and methane. In this Mini-Review, we will discuss iron-based molecular catalysts that catalyze the reduction of CO2, focusing in particular on the selectivity of the processes, which is rationalized and guided on the basis of the reaction mechanism. Inspired by the active sites of carbon monoxide dehydrogenases, several synthetic systems have been proposed for the reduction of CO2; these are discussed in terms of key intermediates such as iron hydrides or Fe-CO2 adducts, where the ligand coordination motif, together with the presence of co-additives such as Brønsted acids, nucleophiles, or CO2 trapping moieties, can guide the selectivity of the reaction. A mechanistic comparison is traced with heterogeneous iron single-atom catalysts. Perspectives on the use of molecular catalysts in devices for sustainable reduction of CO2 are finally given.
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18
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Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reduction of amides and related compounds using molecular hydrogen. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3893. [PMID: 32753681 PMCID: PMC7403344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of amides is of great interest for chemists working in organic synthesis, as the resulting amines are widely featured in natural products, drugs, agrochemicals, dyes, etc. Compared to traditional reduction of amides using (over)stoichiometric reductants, the direct hydrogenation of amides using molecular hydrogen represents a greener approach. Furthermore, amide hydrogenation is a highly versatile transformation, since not only higher amines (obtained by C–O cleavage), but also lower amines and alcohols, or amino alcohols (obtained by C–N cleavage) can be selectively accessed by fine tuning of reaction conditions. This review describes the most recent advances in the area of amide hydrogenation using H2 exclusively and molecularly defined homogeneous as well as nano-structured heterogeneous catalysts, with a special focus on catalyst development and synthetic applications. Catalytic hydrogenation of amides is a pivotal chemical transformation for both research labs and chemical production in industry. Here, the authors comprehensively review this topic by including state-of-art homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts that can hydrogenate amides and related compounds.
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19
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Shi N, Xie W, Gao W, Wang J, Zhang S, Fan Y, Wang M. Effect of PDI ligand binding pattern on the electrocatalytic activity of two Ru(II) complexes for CO
2
reduction. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning‐ning Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Wang‐jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Wei‐song Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Jin‐miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Shi‐fu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Yu‐hua Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao Shandong 266100 China
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