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Monti D, Patil N, Black AP, Raptis D, Mavrandonakis A, Froudakis GE, Yousef I, Goujon N, Mecerreyes D, Marcilla R, Ponrouch A. Polyimides as Promising Cathodes for Metal-Organic Batteries: A Comparison between Divalent (Ca 2+, Mg 2+) and Monovalent (Li +, Na +) Cations. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:7250-7257. [PMID: 37448980 PMCID: PMC10336839 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca- and Mg-based batteries represent a more sustainable alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, multivalent cation technologies suffer from poor cation mass transport. In addition, the development of positive electrodes enabling reversible charge storage currently represents one of the major challenges. Organic positive electrodes, in addition to being the most sustainable and potentially low-cost candidates, compared with their inorganic counterparts, currently present the best electrochemical performances in Ca and Mg cells. Unfortunately, organic positive electrodes suffer from relatively low capacity retention upon cycling, the origin of which is not yet fully understood. Here, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride-derived polyimide was tested in Li, Na, Mg, and Ca cells for the sake of comparison in terms of redox potential, gravimetric capacities, capacity retention, and rate capability. The redox mechanisms were also investigated by means of operando IR experiments, and a parameter affecting most figures of merit has been identified: the presence of contact ion-pairs in the electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Monti
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nagaraj Patil
- Electrochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Ashley P. Black
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dionysios Raptis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Andreas Mavrandonakis
- Electrochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
| | - George E. Froudakis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, GR-71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ibraheem Yousef
- MIRAS
Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Nicolas Goujon
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
- Centre
for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Alava Technology Park, Albert Einstein
48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUAvenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marcilla
- Electrochemical
Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy, Avda. Ramón de La Sagra 3, 28935 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Alexandre Ponrouch
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- ALISTORE−European
Research Institute, CNRS FR 3104, Hub de l’Energie, 15 Rue Baudelocque, 80039 Amiens, France
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2
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Sun Z, Liu H, Shu M, Lin Z, Liu B, Li Y, Li J, Yu T, Yao H, Zhu S, Guan S. π-Conjugated Hexaazatrinaphthylene-Based Azo Polymer Cathode Material Synthesized by a Reductive Homocoupling Reaction for Organic Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36700-36710. [PMID: 35938596 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel hexaazatrinaphthylene-based (HATN) azo polymer (PAH) was synthesized from a newly designed tri-nitro compound trinitrodiquinoxalino[2,3-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (HATNTN) through a Zn-induced reductive homocoupling reaction and used as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The integration of redox-active HATN units and azo linkages can improve the specific capacity, rate performance, and cycling stability of the PAH cathode. The control LIBs were assembled from HATNTN, in which HATNTN can be electrochemically reduced to an HATN-based azo polymer. Compared with the HATNTN cathode, the PAH cathode delivers higher specific capacities with much-improved cycling stability (97 mA h g-1 capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 500 mA g-1, which is around 28 times that of the HATNTN cathode) and considerably better rate performance (118 mA h g-1 at 2000 mA g-1, which is around 90 times that of the HATNTN cathode), simultaneously. This work provides a chemical polymerization strategy to construct extended π-conjugated azo polymers with multiple redox centers from nitro compounds for developing high-performance LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Meng Shu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ziyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tiechen Yu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shiyang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shaowei Guan
- Key Laboratory of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymer, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun 130012, China
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3
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Gao H, Neale AR, Zhu Q, Bahri M, Wang X, Yang H, Xu Y, Clowes R, Browning ND, Little MA, Hardwick LJ, Cooper AI. A Pyrene-4,5,9,10-Tetraone-Based Covalent Organic Framework Delivers High Specific Capacity as a Li-Ion Positive Electrode. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9434-9442. [PMID: 35588159 PMCID: PMC9164232 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, improving the specific capacities of COF-based electrodes requires materials with increased conductivity and a higher concentration of redox-active groups. Here, we designed a series of pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone COF (PT-COF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) composites (denoted as PT-COFX, where X = 10, 30, and 50 wt % of CNT) to address these challenges. Among the composites, PT-COF50 achieved a capacity of up to 280 mAh g-1 as normalized to the active COF material at a current density of 200 mA g-1, which is the highest capacity reported for a COF-based composite cathode electrode to date. Furthermore, PT-COF50 exhibited excellent rate performance, delivering a capacity of 229 mAh g-1 at 5000 mA g-1 (18.5C). Using operando Raman microscopy the reversible transformation of the redox-active carbonyl groups of PT-COF was determined, which rationalizes an overall 4 e-/4 Li+ redox process per pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone unit, accounting for its superior performance as a Li-ion battery electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.,Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Alex R Neale
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Mounib Bahri
- Albert Crewe Centre, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block C, 1-3 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GL, U.K
| | - Xue Wang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Haofan Yang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Yongjie Xu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Rob Clowes
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Nigel D Browning
- Albert Crewe Centre, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building, Block C, 1-3 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GL, U.K
| | - Marc A Little
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
| | - Laurence J Hardwick
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K.,Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, 51 Oxford Street, Liverpool L7 3NY, U.K
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Chen S, Wang S, Xue X, Zhao J, Du H. The Synthesis of a Covalent Organic Framework from Thiophene Armed Triazine and EDOT and Its Application as Anode Material in Lithium-Ion Battery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3300. [PMID: 34641116 PMCID: PMC8512810 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a class of redox active materials with some preferable properties, including rigid structure, insoluble characters, and large amounts of nitrogen atoms, covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been frequently adopted as electrode materials in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a triazine-based covalent organic framework employing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the bridging unit is synthesized by the presence of carbon powder through Stille coupling reaction. The carbon powder was added in an in-situ manner to overcome the low intrinsic conductivity of the polymer, which led to the formation of the polymer@C composite (PTT-O@C, PTT-O is a type of CTFs). The composite material is then employed in LIBs as anode material. The designed polymer shows a narrow band gap of 1.84 eV, proving the effectiveness of the nitrogen-enriched triazine unit in reducing the band gap of the resultant polymers. The CV results showed that the redox potential of the composite (vs. Li/Li+) is around 1.0 V, which makes it suitable to be used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The composite material could exhibit the stable specific capacity of 645 mAh/g at 100 mA/g and 435 mAh/g at 500 mA/g, respectively, much higher than the pure carbon materials, indicating the good reversibility of the material. This work provides some additional information on electrochemical performance of the triazine and EDOT based CTFs, which is helpful for developing a deep understanding of the structure-performance correlations of the CTFs as anode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Shukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (S.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Hongmei Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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Narzary BB, Baker BC, Yadav N, D'Elia V, Faul CFJ. Crosslinked porous polyimides: structure, properties and applications. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous polyimides (pPIs) represent a fascinating class of porous organic polymers (POPs). Here the properties and functions of amorphous and crystalline pPIs are reviewed, and applications contributing to solutions to global challenges highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neha Yadav
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, VISTEC, Thailand
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- School of Molecular Science and Engineering, VISTEC, Thailand
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