1
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Kubota K, Kawamura S, Jiang J, Maeda S, Ito H. Mechanochemical generation of aryl barium nucleophiles from unactivated barium metal. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc05361c. [PMID: 39371463 PMCID: PMC11447672 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc05361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Organobarium reagents are of interest as homologues of the Grignard reagents based on organomagnesium compounds due to their unique reactivity as well as regio- and stereoselectivity. However, reactions involving organobarium reagents are less developed in comparison to reactions involving Grignard reagents due to the lack of a simple and economical synthetic method and their high reactivity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no established method for the direct synthesis of organobarium compounds from commercially available bulk barium metal and organic halides. So far, the generation of organobarium compounds usually requires the use of activated barium (Rieke barium), which significantly reduces the practical utility of organobarium reagents and hinders the development of new organobarium-mediated transformations. Here, we present a mechanochemical strategy based on ball-milling that facilitates the direct generation of various aryl barium nucleophiles from commercially available unactivated barium metal and aryl halides without complicated pre-activation processes. Our simple mechanochemical protocol allows the rapid development of novel carbon-silicon-bond-forming reactions with hydrosilanes mediated by aryl barium nucleophiles; importantly, these reactions are difficult to achieve using other Grignard-type carbon nucleophiles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction involving an aryl barium species. Furthermore, this mechanochemical strategy established the first example of a nucleophilic addition to a carbonyl compound involving an aryl barium nucleophile. Preliminary theoretical calculations using the artificial force-induced reaction (AFIR) method to reveal the reaction mechanism of the hydrosilane arylation are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Sota Kawamura
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Julong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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2
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Tay BY, Kan C, Ong J, Dighe SU, Hengne AM, Huang KW, Zhang L, Wong RJ, Tan D. Mechanochemically-based three-way approach for the synthesis of K-doped Cu-Fe/ZnO-Al 2O 3 catalysts for converting CO 2 to oxygenates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:10890-10893. [PMID: 39253791 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Three ball-milling methodologies were developed to synthesize bespoke multi-metallic K-doped Cu-Fe/ZnO-Al2O3 catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was benchmarked against their solution-based counterparts. The catalysts synthesized by ball milling are greener, showing smaller particles, with different selectivity towards oxygenate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Ying Tay
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Charmain Kan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Jennet Ong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Shashikant U Dighe
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Amol M Hengne
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Division of Physical Sciences & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lili Zhang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Roong Jien Wong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Davin Tan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
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3
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Xing H, Yaylayan V. Mechanochemistry in Glycation Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20738-20751. [PMID: 39241158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry by milling has recently attracted considerable interest for its ability to drive solvent-free chemical transformations exclusively through mechanical energy and at ambient temperatures. Despite its popularity and expanding applications in different fields of chemistry, its impact on Food Science remains limited. This review aims to demonstrate the specific benefits that mechanochemistry can provide in performing controlled glycation, and in "activating" sugar and amino acid mixtures, thereby allowing for continued generation of colors and aromas even after termination of milling. The generated mechanical energy can be tuned under specific conditions either to form only the corresponding Schiff bases and Amadori compounds or to generate their degradation products, as a function of the frequency of the oscillations in combination with the reactivity of the selected substrates. Similarly, its ability to initiate the Strecker degradation and generate pyrazines and Strecker aldehydes was also demonstrated when proteogenic amino acids were milled with glyoxal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Varoujan Yaylayan
- Department of Food Science & Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Québec H9X 3 V9, Canada
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4
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Verdoliva V, Bedini E, De Luca S. Sustainable Chemical Modification of Natural Polysaccharides: Mechanochemical, Solvent-Free Conjugation of Pectins and Hyaluronic Acid Promoted by Microwave Radiations. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 39269184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The modern chemistry has the main focus of saving resources and developing synthetic strategies characterized by intrinsic efficiency, ease and safety in operation, short reaction time, reduced energy, and waste. Natural polysaccharides are largely distributed in plant/animal cells; in other words, they are often provided by renewable sources. This characteristic makes them suitable compounds to be investigated for their employment as biodegradable material. In addition, natural polysaccharides have been proven to have a wide range of applications, and this prompted researchers to investigate their chemical modifications in order to modulate their properties. Herein we discuss the development of conjugation strategies of some polysaccharides with natural substrates and the effects of the structural modification on their bioactivities. Finally, this work intends to provide suggestions and perspectives on the development of safe and sustainable synthetic processes on polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Verdoliva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania De Luca
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Gao P, Li Y, Zhang D, Zhang G, Gao L, Chen F. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Silylcyclopentenes via Ball Milling. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400963. [PMID: 38923685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The development of innovative methods for synthesizing silylcyclopentene compounds is particularly important for enriching and improving the synthetical toolbox of organosilicon compounds. Herein, a facile approach has been developed for the synthesis of silylcyclopentenes promoted by mechanochemically generated organolithium species as silicon nucleophiles under ball milling conditions, avoiding the requirement of large amounts of bulk solvent. This operationally simple method demonstrates good functional group compatibility, which provides a great opportunity for further exploration of the synthetic applications of silylcyclopentenes. Density functional theory calculations indicated that the transient lithiosilole intermediates undergo a stepwise nucleophilic addition process, which governs this mechanic-force-promoted [4+1] cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Medicine Centre, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, Liuzhou, Guangxi, 545006, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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6
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Gao P, Wu X, Zhang D, Sun X, Zhang G, Chen F. Mechanochemical Activation of Aryl Diazonium Salts: Synthesis of Polycyclic (Hetero)Aromatics. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12197-12203. [PMID: 39162099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of polycyclic (hetero)aromatics via the [4 + 2] benzannulation process has been thoroughly explored, the restricted availability of energy sources (including thermal, light, and electrical energy) mandates the utilization of substantial quantities of organic solvents, inevitably leading to environmental pollution, resource wastage, and low reaction efficiency. Herein, we report a new method for the synthesis of polycyclic (hetero)aromatics from diazonium salts and alkynes under ball-milling conditions. This mechanochemical approach requires only substoichiometric amounts of DMSO as a liquid-assisted grinding additive and furnishes the desired product in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Xinyin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Medicine Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Xiaohuan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
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7
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Yaragorla S, Sneha Latha D, Kumar R. Mechanochemical Regioselective [3+3] Annulation of 6-Amino Uracil with Propargyl Alcohols Catalyzed by a Brønsted Acid/Hexafluoroisopropanol. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401480. [PMID: 38727792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
A mechanochemistry approach is developed for regioselective synthesis of functionalized dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines by milling propargylic alcohols and 6-aminouracils with HFIP/p-TsOH. In the case of tert-propargyl alcohols, this [3+3] cascade annulation proceeded through allenylation of uracil followed by a 6-endo trig cyclization. With sec-propargyl alcohols, the reaction furnished the propargylation of uracil. This atom economy ball milling reaction allows access to a broad range of dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives in excellent yields. We demonstrated the gram scale synthesis of 3 g and post-synthetic modifications to effect the cyclization of 5 to 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- University of Hyderabad (an Institute of Eminence), P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, 500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Dandugula Sneha Latha
- University of Hyderabad (an Institute of Eminence), P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, 500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Rituraj Kumar
- University of Hyderabad (an Institute of Eminence), P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, 500046, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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8
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Liu R, He X, Liu T, Wang X, Wang Q, Chen X, Lian Z. Organic Reactions Enabled by Mechanical Force-Induced Single Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401376. [PMID: 38887819 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemical reactions, achieved through milling, grinding, or other mechanical actions, have emerged as a solvent-free alternative to traditional solution-based chemistry. Mechanochemistry not only provides the opportunity to eliminate bulk solvent use, reducing waste generation, but also unveils a new reaction strategy which enables the realization of reactions previously inaccessible in solution. While the majority of organic reactions facilitated by mechanical force traditionally follow two-electron transfer pathways similar to their solution-based counterparts, the field of mechanochemically induced single-electron transfer (SET) reactions has witnessed rapid development. This review outlines examples of mechanochemical reactions facilitated by the SET process, focusing on the reagents that initiate SET, thereby positioning mechanochemistry as a burgeoning field within the realm of single-electron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
| | - Xiaochun He
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
| | - Tianfen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
| | - Xinzhou Chen
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R., China
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9
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Wang D, Yao H, Ye J, Gao Y, Cong H, Yu B. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Classification, Synthesis, Modification, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404350. [PMID: 39149999 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new variety of solid crystalline porous functional materials. As an extension of inorganic porous materials, it has made important progress in preparation and application. MOFs are widely used in various fields such as gas adsorption storage, drug delivery, sensing, and biological imaging due to their high specific surface area, porosity, adjustable pore size, abundant active sites, and functional modification by introducing groups. In this paper, the types of MOFs are classified, and the synthesis methods and functional modification mechanisms of MOFs materials are summarized. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of metal-organic framework materials in the biomedical field are discussed, hoping to promote their application in multidisciplinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huanchen Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jiashuo Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Amer MM, Backer L, Buschmann H, Handler N, Scherf-Clavel O, Holzgrabe U, Bolm C. Prediction of Degradation Profiles for Various Sartans under Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Conditions. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39092810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
For the approval of a drug, the stability data must be submitted to regulatory authorities. Such analyses are often time-consuming and cost-intensive. Forced degradation studies are mainly carried out under harsh conditions in the dissolved state, often leading to extraneous degradation profiles for a solid drug. Oxidative mechanochemical degradation offers the possibility of generating realistic degradation profiles. In this study, a sustainable mechanochemical procedure is presented for the degradation of five active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the sartan family: losartan potassium, irbesartan, valsartan, olmesartan medoxomil, and telmisartan. High-resolution mass spectrometry enabled the detection of impurities already present in untreated APIs and allowed the elucidation of degradation products. Significant degradation profiles could already be obtained after 15-60 min of ball milling time. Many of the identified degradation products are described in the literature and pharmacopoeias, emphasizing the significance of our results and the applicability of this approach to predict degradation profiles for drugs in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Amer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Laura Backer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helmut Buschmann
- RD&C Research, Development & Consulting GmbH, 1170 Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Handler
- RD&C Research, Development & Consulting GmbH, 1170 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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11
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Kallmeier F, Matthews AJR, Nelmes GR, Lawson NR, Hicks J. Mechanochemical synthesis of iron aluminyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12450-12454. [PMID: 39011575 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
A series of iron aluminyl complexes have been synthesised in good crystalline yields from reactions between bulky diamido aluminium iodide complexes and K[Fe(CO)2Cp] in the solid state. The series of metal-metal bonded complexes have been characterised by X-ray crystallography and were investigated using density functional theory to probe the effects of ligand substitution on the Al-Fe bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kallmeier
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Aidan J R Matthews
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Gareth R Nelmes
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Nina R Lawson
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Arfelis S, Martín-Perales AI, Nguyen R, Pérez A, Cherubin I, Len C, Malpartida I, Bala A, Fullana-I-Palmer P. Linking mechanochemistry with the green chemistry principles: Review article. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34655. [PMID: 39148985 PMCID: PMC11325060 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to explore contemporary alternatives for industrial production has driven the development of innovative techniques that address critical limitations linked to traditional batch mechanochemistry. One particularly promising strategy involves the integration of flow processes with mechanochemistry. Three noteworthy technologies in this domain are single-screw extrusion (SSE) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and Impact (Induction) in Continuous-flow Heated Mechanochemistry (ICHeM). These technologies go beyond the industrial production of polymers, extending to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the fabrication of (nano)materials, and the extraction of high-added value products through the valorisation of biomass and waste materials. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, ball milling processes are generally considered greener compared to conventional solvothermal processes. In fact, ball milling processes require less solvent, enhance reaction rates and reaction conversion by increasing surface area and substituting thermal energy with mechanochemical energy, among others. Special attention will be given to the types of products, reactants, size of the milling balls and reaction conditions, selecting 60 articles after applying a screening methodology during the period 2020-2022. This paper aims to compile and analyze the cutting edge of research in utilizing mechanochemistry for green chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Arfelis
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Martín-Perales
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie C3, Universidad de Córdoba, Crta. Nnal IV-A, km 396, E-14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Remy Nguyen
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
| | | | - Igor Cherubin
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Polytechnique Montreal, Département de Génie Chimique, 2500, chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christophe Len
- Chimie ParisTech, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CNRS, PSL Research University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, F-75005, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiegne, CS 60319, Compiegne Cedex, 60203, France
| | - Irene Malpartida
- Deasyl, S.A., Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
- Universidad de Málaga, Departamento Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Av. de Cervantes 2, 29016, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alba Bala
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Fullana-I-Palmer
- UNESCO Chair in Life Cycle and Climate Change ESCI-UPF, Pg. Pujades 1, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Bhanja R, Kanti Bera S, Mal P. Sustainable Synthesis through Catalyst-Free Photoinduced Cascaded Bond Formation. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400279. [PMID: 38717944 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The beginning of photochemical reactions revolutionized synthetic chemistry through sustainable practices. This review explores cutting-edge developments in leveraging light-induced processes for generating cascaded C-C and C-hetero bonds without catalysts. Significantly, catalyst-free photoinduced methodologies have garnered considerable attention, especially in the creation of varied heterocyclic frameworks for drug design and the synthesis of natural products. The article delves into underlying mechanisms, addresses limitations, and evaluates various methodologies, emphasizing the potential of photocatalyst and transition metal-free photochemical reactions to enhance sustainability. Divided into two sections, it covers recent strides in C-C and C-heteroatom and multiple C-heteroatom bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Bhanja
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - Shyamal Kanti Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, 752050, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, India
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14
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Qu R, Wan S, Zhang X, Wang X, Xue L, Wang Q, Cheng GJ, Dai L, Lian Z. Mechanical-Force-Induced Non-spontaneous Dehalogenative Deuteration of Aromatic Iodides Enabled by Using Piezoelectric Materials as a Redox Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400645. [PMID: 38687047 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of green and efficient deuteration methods is of great significance for various fields such as organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Herein, we have developed a dehalogenative deuteration strategy using piezoelectric materials as catalysts in a solid-phase system under ball-milling conditions. This non-spontaneous reaction is induced by mechanical force. D2O can serve as both a deuterium source and an electron donor in the transformation, eliminating the need for additional stoichiometric exogenous reductants. A series of (hetero)aryl iodides can be transformed into deuterated products with high deuterium incorporation. This method not only effectively overcomes existing synthetic challenges but can also be used for deuterium labelling of drug molecules and derivatives. Bioactivity experiments with deuterated drug molecule suggest that the D-ipriflavone enhances the inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation of BMDMs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Qu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wan
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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15
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Yaragorla S, Tiwari D, Lone MS. Mechanochemical Cascade Cyclization of Cyclopropyl Ketones with 1,2-Diamino Arenes for the Direct Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles†. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9427-9439. [PMID: 38905327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A mechanochemical synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles from donor-acceptor cyclopropyl ketones and 1,2-diaminoarenes under metal-free and solventless conditions is reported. The reaction does not require inert conditions and is promoted by a stoichiometric amount of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol. This cascade reaction involves ring-opening, cyclization, and retro-Mannich reaction of cyclopropyl ketones with aryl 1,2-diamines. Compared to its solution-phase counterpart, this mechanochemical approach shows fast reactivity (24 vs 1.5 h). Mechanistic investigations by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry helped us to propose the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Divyanshu Tiwari
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Mehak Saba Lone
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, India
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16
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Feng H, Shao X, Wang Z. Mechanochemical Controlled Radical Polymerization: From Harsh to Mild. Chempluschem 2024:e202400287. [PMID: 38940320 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry constitutes a burgeoning field that investigates the chemical and physicochemical alterations of substances under mechanical force. It enables the synthesis of materials which is challenging to obtain via thermal, optical or electrical activation methods. In addition, it diminishes reliance on organic solvents and provides a novel route for green chemistry. Today, as a distinct branch alongside electrochemistry, photochemistry, and thermochemistry, mechanochemistry has emerged as a frontier research domain within chemistry and material science. In recent years, the intersection of mechanochemistry with controlled radical polymerization has witnessed rapid advancements, providing new routes to polymer science. Significantly, we have experienced breakthroughs in methods relying on sonochemistry, piezoelectricity and contact electrification. These methodologies not only facilitate the synthesis of polymers with high molecular weight but also enable precise control over polymer chain length and structure. Transitioning from harsh to mild conditions in mechanochemical routes has facilitated a significant improvement in the controllability of mechanochemical polymerization. From this perspective, we introduce the progress of mechanochemistry in controlled radical polymerization in recent years, aim to clarify the historcial development of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Feng
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyang Shao
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an, 710072, China
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17
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Geib R, Colacino E, Gremaud L. Sustainable Beckmann Rearrangement using Bead-Milling Technology: The Route to Paracetamol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301921. [PMID: 38353034 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
To address the growing demand for more sustainable and greener chemistry, mechanochemical methodologies are emerging as key players. However, to date there has been little data highlighting the benefits of these rising mechanochemical technologies with regard to process scale-up activities or implementation in commercial production scale. Herein, we report the first application of bead-mill technology (Dyno®-mill) for the sustainable mechanochemical synthesis of Acetaminophen, known under the brand name Paracetamol. Using the Beckmann rearrangement, the optimized solvent-free methodology delivered a final product on a scale of several tens of grams. In comparison to current production solvent-based process, the proposed process achieves a higher yield while also allowing the removal of solvents in the chemical reaction, hereby reducing one of the extensive drivers to waste generation. The mechanochemical approach was compared to solvent-based process using a combination of green metrics and EcoScale score. The mechanochemical synthesis of paracetamol scores the highest for all the metrics over currently used solution-based processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Geib
- School of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry -, Institute of Chemical Technology, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Boulevard de Pérolles, 80, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Ludovic Gremaud
- School of Engineering and Architecture of Fribourg, Department of Chemistry -, Institute of Chemical Technology, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Boulevard de Pérolles, 80, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Nayek P, Mal P. Mimicking Ozonolysis via Mechanochemistry: Internal Alkynes to 1,2-Diketones using H 5IO 6. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401027. [PMID: 38634437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing periodic acid as an environmentally benign oxidizing agent, this study introduces a novel mechanochemical method that mimics ozonolysis to convert internal alkynes into 1,2-diketones, showcasing effective emulation of ozone's reactivity. Notably, this oxidation occurs at room temperature in aerobic conditions, eliminating the need for toxic transition metals, hazardous oxidants, or expensive solvents. Through control experiments validating the mechanism, substantial evidence supports a concerted reaction pathway. This progress marks a significant stride toward cleaner and more efficient chemical synthesis, mitigating the environmental impact of conventional processes. Assessing the green chemistry metrics in both solvent-free and previously reported solvent-based methods, our eco-friendly protocol demonstrates an E-factor of 7.40, a 51.7 % atom economy, a 45.5 % atom efficiency, 100 % carbon efficiency, and 11.9 % reaction mass efficiency when solvents are not used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha, 752050, India
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19
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Li MJ, Xiao HJ, Xu P, Wu LT, Chen SQ, Zhang Z, Xu H. Mechanosynthesis of Pyrrole-2-carboxylic Acids via Copper-Catalyzed Spiroannulation/Ring-Opening Aromatization of 4-Arylidene Isoxazol-5-ones with Enamino Esters. Org Lett 2024; 26:4189-4193. [PMID: 38743432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An efficient and practical tandem reaction of 4-arylidene isoxazol-5-ones with enamino esters catalyzed by an inexpensive copper salt has been established in a ball mill. This innovative approach yields a diverse array of structurally novel pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids, showing excellent tolerance toward different functional groups. By integrating spiroannulation and ring-opening aromatization processes, this protocol introduces a facile and cost-effective strategy for synthesizing highly functionalized pyrrole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Xiao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Luan-Ting Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
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20
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Iacob BC, Bodoki AE, Da Costa Carvalho DF, Serpa Paulino AA, Barbu-Tudoran L, Bodoki E. Unlocking New Avenues: Solid-State Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5504. [PMID: 38791542 PMCID: PMC11122393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are established artificial molecular recognition platforms with tailored selectivity towards a target molecule, whose synthesis and functionality are highly influenced by the nature of the solvent employed in their synthesis. Steps towards the "greenification" of molecular imprinting technology (MIT) has already been initiated by the elaboration of green MIT principles; developing MIPs in a solvent-free environment may not only offer an eco-friendly alternative, but could also significantly influence the affinity and expected selectivity of the resulting binding sites. In the current study the first solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of MIPs via liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) is reported. The successful synthesis of the imprinted polymer was functionally demonstrated by measuring its template rebinding capacity and the selectivity of the molecular recognition process in comparison with the ones obtained by the conventional, non-covalent molecular imprinting process in liquid media. The results demonstrated similar binding capacities towards the template molecule and superior chemoselectivity compared to the solution-based MIP synthesis method. The adoption of green chemistry principles with all their inherent advantages in the synthesis of MIPs may not only be able to alleviate the potential environmental and health concerns associated with their analytical (e.g., selective adsorbents) and biomedical (e.g., drug carriers or reservoirs) applications, but might also offer a conceptual change in molecular imprinting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan-Cezar Iacob
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Elena Bodoki
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creangă St., 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Diogo Filipe Da Costa Carvalho
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.F.D.C.C.); (A.A.S.P.)
| | - Antonio Augusto Serpa Paulino
- Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa, Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; (D.F.D.C.C.); (A.A.S.P.)
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Center, Faculty of Biology and Geology, “Babes-Bolyai” University, 5-7 Clinicilor St., 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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21
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Periasamy K, van Bonn P, Orloff RT, Völcker N, Lu Q, Rissanen K, Bolm C. Synthesis of Benzo[ e][1,4,3]oxathiazin-3-one 1-Oxides from NH- S-(2-Hydroxyaryl)sulfoximines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38743919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyclizations of NH-S-(2-hydroxyaryl)sulfoximines with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazol (CDI) give unprecedented benzo[e][1,4,3]oxathiazin-3-one 1-oxides in good yields. The standard synthetic protocol involves the use of DCE at an increased temperature for 16 h. Under mechanochemical conditions, a representative product was obtained without a solvent at ambient temperature in only 60 min. X-ray single-crystal structure analysis confirmed the molecular scaffold representing a three-dimensional heterocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Periasamy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pit van Bonn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Nils Völcker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Qiulan Lu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, Survontie 9 B, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Canale VC, Hasanzadeh M, Cuscela DM, Buschini A, Zarepour A, Khosravi A, Cordani M, Rizzolio F, Zarrabi A. Synergistic applications of cyclodextrin-based systems and metal-organic frameworks in transdermal drug delivery for skin cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3807-3839. [PMID: 38529820 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00312h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This review article explores the innovative field of eco-friendly cyclodextrin-based coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for transdermal drug delivery in the case of skin cancer therapy. We critically examine the significant advancements in developing these nanocarriers, with a focus on their unique properties such as biocompatibility, targeted drug release, and enhanced skin permeability. These attributes are instrumental in addressing the limitations inherent in traditional skin cancer treatments and represent a paradigm shift towards more effective and patient-friendly therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges faced in optimizing the synthesis process for large-scale production while ensuring environmental sustainability. The review also emphasizes the immense potential for clinical applications of these nanocarriers in skin cancer therapy, highlighting their role in facilitating targeted, controlled drug release which minimizes systemic side effects. Future clinical applications could see these nanocarriers being customized to individual patient profiles, potentially revolutionizing personalized medicine in oncology. With further research and clinical trials, these nanocarriers hold the promise of transforming the landscape of skin cancer treatment. With this study, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field and outline future directions for advancing the development and clinical application of these innovative nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Viviana Claudia Canale
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mahdi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, P.O. Box 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
| | - Denise Maria Cuscela
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- COMT (Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- COMT (Interdepartmental Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai-600 077, India
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkey
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan
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23
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Wang H, Chi X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Liu Q, Zhao Z, Zhang D, Cui H, Liu H. Electromagnetic Mill-Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed Heck-Type Cyclization/Decarboxylative Coupling of ( Z)-1-Iodo-1,6-diene with Propiolic Acids. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5320-5327. [PMID: 38554091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Electromagnetic mill (EMM)-promoted solid-state cascade Heck-type cyclization/decarboxylative coupling of propiolic acid with (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-diene derivate was demonstrated. The reaction was realized via palladium catalysis, which is solvent-free and involves no additional heating. The collision between ferromagnetic rods could not only be a favor to the mixing between the solid substrates and the catalyst system, but also the thermogenic action could accelerate this transformation. More importantly, this EMM strategy realized multiple bond construction under mechanochemical conditions in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Company Limited, No.1, Lutai Road, Zibo 255000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengdian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Daopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyou Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, People's Republic of China
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24
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Sharma A, Singh J, Sharma A. Synthesis of Quinazolinones and Benzothiazoles Using α-Keto Acids under Ball Milling. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5229-5238. [PMID: 38551089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry refers to the initiation of chemical reactions via mechanical forces such as milling, grinding, or shearing to achieve the chemical transformations. As a manifestation of mechanocatalysis, herein, an oxidant-free and solvent-free approach for the synthesis of quinazolinones (23 derivatives) and benzothiazoles (23 derivatives) has been developed through stainless-steel-driven decarboxylative acyl radical generation from α-keto acids. A library of 2-arylquinazolinones and 2-arylbenzothiazoles has been prepared in moderate to good yields at room temperature. Moreover, control experiments and XPS studies supported the reduction (by zerovalent iron) of molecular oxygen through the moderate abrasion of balls, which promoted the generation of a superoxide radical anion via a SET process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Jitender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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25
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Li MJ, Lu MM, Xu P, Chen SQ, Wu LT, Zhang Z, Xu H. Chemodivergent mechanosynthesis of cyclopentenyl and pyrrolinyl spirobarbiturates from unsaturated barbiturates and enamino esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3958-3961. [PMID: 38501223 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel and interesting controllable spirocyclization of unsaturated barbiturates with enamino esters for the assembly of cyclopentenyl and pyrrolinyl spirobarbiturates has been developed under ball-milling conditions. The present protocol features high chemoselectivity and efficiency, excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Ming-Ming Lu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Luan-Ting Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
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Podgorbunskikh E, Kuskov T, Bukhtoyarov V, Lomovsky O, Bychkov A. Recrystallization of Cellulose, Chitin and Starch in Their Individual and Native Forms. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:980. [PMID: 38611238 PMCID: PMC11013776 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Semi-crystalline natural polymers are involved in many technological processes. Biopolymers having identical chemical compositions can differ in reactivity in heterogeneous transformations depending on their crystal structure (polymorphic modification). This paper compares the crystal structure recrystallization processes occurring in natural polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and starch) in the individual form and as a component of native biomass. Aqueous treatment of pre-amorphized semi-crystalline biopolymers was shown to result in swelling, thus alleviating the kinetic restrictions imposed on the restoration of crystalline regions and phase transition to the thermodynamically more stable polymorphic modification. During recrystallization, cellulose I in the individual form and within plant-based biomass undergoes a transition to the more stable cellulose II. A similar situation was demonstrated for α- and β-chitin, which recrystallize only into the α-polymorphic modification in the case of both individual polymers and native materials. Recrystallization of A-, B-, and C-type starch, both in the individual form and within plant-based flour, during aqueous treatment, results in a phase transition, predominantly to the B-type starch. The recrystallization process depends on the temperature of aqueous treatment; longer treatment duration has almost no effect on the recrystallization degree of polymers, both in the individual form and within native materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh
- Laboratory of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, 18 Kutateladze Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.K.); (V.B.); (O.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Aleksey Bychkov
- Laboratory of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, 18 Kutateladze Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.K.); (V.B.); (O.L.)
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Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Esa M, Khan A, Yan H. Recent Advancements and Unexplored Biomedical Applications of Green Synthesized Ag and Au Nanoparticles: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3187-3215. [PMID: 38590511 PMCID: PMC10999736 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) has acquired huge popularity owing to their potential applications in various fields. A large number of research articles exist in the literature describing the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs for biomedical applications. However, these findings are scattered, making it time-consuming for researchers to locate promising advancements in Ag and Au NPs synthesis and their unexplored biomedical applications. Unlike other review articles, this systematic study not only highlights recent advancements in the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs but also explores their potential unexplored biomedical applications. The article discusses the various synthesis approaches for the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs highlighting the emerging developments and novel strategies. Then, the article reviews the important biomedical applications of green synthesized Ag and Au NPs by critically evaluating the expected advantages. To expose future research direction in the field, the article describes the unexplored biomedical applications of the NPs. Finally, the articles discuss the challenges and limitations in the green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs and their biomedical applications. This article will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, working on green synthesis of Ag and Au NPs for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujat Ali
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Esa
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai Yan
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
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Ardila-Fierro KJ, Hernández JG. Intermediates in Mechanochemical Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317638. [PMID: 38179857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Mechanochemical reactions offer methodological and environmental advantages for chemical synthesis, constantly attracting attention within the scientific community. Besides unmistakable sustainability advantages, the conditions under which mechanochemical reactions occur, namely solventless conditions, sometimes facilitate the isolation of otherwise labile or inaccessible products. Despite these advantages, limited knowledge exists regarding the mechanisms of these reactions and the types of intermediates involved. Nevertheless, in an expanding number of cases, ex situ and in situ monitoring techniques have allowed for the observation, characterization, and isolation of reaction intermediates in mechanochemical transformations. In this Minireview, we present a series of examples in which reactive intermediates have been detected in mechanochemical reactions spanning organic, organometallic, inorganic, and materials chemistry. Many of these intermediates were stabilized by non-covalent interactions, which played a pivotal role in guiding the chemical transformations. We believe that by uncovering and understanding such instances, the growing mechanochemistry community could find novel opportunities in catalysis and discover new mechanochemical reactions while achieving simplification in chemical reaction design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José G Hernández
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Reichle S, Kang L, Demirbas D, Weidenthaler C, Felderhoff M, DeBeer S, Schüth F. Mechanocatalytic Synthesis of Ammonia: State of the Catalyst During Reaction and Deactivation Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317038. [PMID: 38372407 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia synthesis holds significant importance for both agricultural fertilizer production and emerging green energy applications. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of a catalyst for mechanochemical ammonia synthesis, based on Cs-promoted Fe. The study sheds light on the catalyst's dynamic evolution under reaction conditions and the origin of deactivation. Initially, elemental Cs converts to CsH, followed by partial CsOH formation due to trace oxygen impurities on the surface of the Fe metal and the equipment. Concurrently, the mechanical milling process comminutes Fe, exposing fresh metallic Fe surfaces. This comminution correlates with an induction period observed during ammonia formation. Critical to the study, degradation of active Cs promoter species (CsH and CsNH2) into inactive CsOH emerged as the primary deactivation mechanism. By increasing the Cs content from 2.2 mol % to 4.2 mol %, we achieved stable, continuous ammonia synthesis for nearly 90 hours, showcasing one of the longest-running mechanocatalytic gas phase reactions. Studies of the temperature dependence of the reaction revealed negligible bulk temperature influence in the range of -10 °C to 100 °C, highlighting the dominance of mechanical action over bulk thermal effects. This study offers insights into the complex interplay between mechanical processing, reactive species, and deactivation mechanisms in mechanocatalytic ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Reichle
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis/, Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy (JWS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Liqun Kang
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Derya Demirbas
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis/, Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy (JWS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Claudia Weidenthaler
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis/, Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy (JWS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Felderhoff
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis/, Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy (JWS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ferdi Schüth
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis/, Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy (JWS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Bodach A, Portet A, Winkelmann F, Herrmann B, Gallou F, Ponnusamy E, Virieux D, Colacino E, Felderhoff M. Scalability of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystal Formation by Mechanochemistry in Batch. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301220. [PMID: 37975728 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of mechanochemistry is considerably growing. Benign by design, this technology complies with several principles of green chemistry, contributing to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) and the European Green Deal objectives. Herein, we report the use of mechanochemical processes in batch to prepare kilogram-scale of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API): Ibuprofen-Nicotinamide (rac-IBP:NCT) co-crystal in an industrial eccentric vibration mill. This scenario shows a sustainable approach to the industrial up-scaling of pharmaceutical co-crystals by a solvent-free mechanochemical process in batch. The quantitative assessment of the greenness of the mechanochemical process against the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry was performed using the DOZN 2.0 Green Chemistry Evaluator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bodach
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Anaïs Portet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frederik Winkelmann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Bastian Herrmann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Ettigounder Ponnusamy
- Merck, SIGMA-ALDRICH Production GmbH, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9471, Buchs, Switzerland
| | - David Virieux
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Michael Felderhoff
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Kondo K, Kubota K, Ito H. Mechanochemistry enabling highly efficient Birch reduction using sodium lumps and d-(+)-glucose. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4452-4457. [PMID: 38516077 PMCID: PMC10952065 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a mechanochemical protocol for highly efficient and ammonia-free sodium-based Birch reduction was developed, leveraging the use of cheap and easy-to-handle sodium lumps. The key to achieving this transformation is the use of d-(+)-glucose as a proton source, which solidifies the reaction mixture in bulk state, enhancing the efficiency of the in situ mechanical activation of sodium lumps through the ball-milling process. Under the developed conditions, a diverse array of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds were selectively reduced to produce the corresponding 1,4-cyclohexadiene derivatives in high yields within 30 min. Notably, all synthetic operations can be carried out without inert gases or the need for dry or bulk organic solvents. Furthermore, a scaled-up synthesis can be conducted without any yield losses. These results suggest that the present mechanochemical approach offers a more convenient, economically attractive, and sustainable alternative to previously established Birch reduction protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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Danielis M, Felli A, Zampol M, Fonda N, Brüner P, Grehl T, Furlani E, Maschio S, Colussi S, Trovarelli A. Tuning Chemical and Morphological Properties of Ceria Nanopowders by Mechanochemistry. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12046-12059. [PMID: 38496971 PMCID: PMC10938310 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cerium oxide powders are widely used and are of fundamental importance in catalytic pollution control and energy production due to the unique chemical properties of CeO2. Processing steps involved in catalyst preparation, such as high-temperature calcination or mechanical milling processes, can alter the morphological and chemical properties of ceria, heavily affecting its final properties. Here, we focus on the tuning of CeO2 nanopowder properties by mild- and high-energy milling processes, as the mechanochemical synthesis is gaining increasing attention as a green synthesis method for catalyst production. The textural and redox properties were analyzed by an array of techniques to follow the aggregation and comminution mechanisms induced by mechanical stresses, which are more prominent under high-energy conditions but strongly depend on the starting properties of the ceria powders. Simultaneously, the evolution of surface defects and chemical properties was followed by Raman spectroscopy and H2 reduction tests, ultimately revealing a trade-off effect between structural and redox properties induced by the mechanochemical action. The mild-energy process appears to induce the largest enhancement in surface properties while maintaining bulk properties of the starting materials, hence confirming its effectiveness for its exploitation in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maila Danielis
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Andrea Felli
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Matteo Zampol
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Nicolas Fonda
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | | | | | - Erika Furlani
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Stefano Maschio
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Sara Colussi
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trovarelli
- Dipartimento Politecnico e INSTM, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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Mei H, Wang N, Wu D, Rong Q, Bai X, Huang X, Zhou L, Wang T, Hao H. Novel Pharmaceutical Cocrystals of Tegafur: Synthesis, Performance, and Theoretical Studies. Pharm Res 2024; 41:577-593. [PMID: 38291166 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tegafur (TF) is one of the most important clinical antitumor drugs with poor water solubility, severely reducing its bioavailability. This work develops new cocrystals to improve the solubility of TF and systematically investigates the intermolecular interactions to provide new insights into the formation of cocrystal and changes in physicochemical properties. METHOD In this paper, two new 1:1 cocrystals of TF with 2,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4HBA) and p-nitrophenol (PNP) were synthesized. The cocrystal products were identified and characterized by various solid state analysis techniques. And the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to determine the solubility and dissolution rate of TF and cocrystals. Moreover, the quantum chemistry calculations of crystal structure provided theoretical support for the results. RESULT Compared with pure TF, the solubility and dissolution rate of TF-2,4HBA is significantly increased in a pH 6.8 buffer at 37°C. Under accelerated storage conditions (40°C, 75% RH), all cocrystal exhibits excellent stability over 8 weeks. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis, atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis, interaction region indicator (IRI) analysis, molecular electrostatic potential surface (MEPS) analysis and frontier molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) analysis were integrated to understand the hydrogen bonding interaction more comprehensively. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the analysis of physical and chemical properties of TF-PNP cocrystal and TF crystal by quantum chemistry method is reliable at molecular level. CONCLUSION These results are helpful to provide guiding methods in the cocrystal development and theoretical study of tegafur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Mei
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Rong
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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Jadoun S, Yáñez J, Aepuru R, Sathish M, Jangid NK, Chinnam S. Recent advancements in sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using various plant extracts for environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19123-19147. [PMID: 38379040 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The sustainable synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using plant extracts has gained significant attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly nature and potential applications in numerous fields. This synthetic approach reduces the reliance on non-renewable resources and eliminates the need for hazardous chemicals, minimizing environmental pollution and human health risks. These ZnO-NPs can be used in environmental remediation applications, such as wastewater treatment or soil remediation, effectively removing pollutants and improving overall ecosystem health. These NPs possess a high surface area and band gap of 3.2 eV, can produce both OH° (hydroxide) and O2-° (superoxide) radicals for the generation of holes (h+) and electrons (e-), resulting in oxidation and reduction of the pollutants in their valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB) resulting in degradation of dyes (95-100% degradation of MB, MO, and RhB dyes), reduction and removal of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cr6+, etc.), degradation of pharmaceutical compounds (paracetamol, urea, fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin)) using photocatalysis. Here, we review an overview of various plant extracts used for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs and their potential applications in environmental remediation including photocatalysis, adsorption, and heavy metal remediation. This review summarizes the most recent studies and further research perspectives to explore their applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Jadoun
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Avda. General Velásquez, 1775, Arica, Chile.
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica E Inorgánica, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, 4070371, Concepción, Chile
| | - Radhamanohar Aepuru
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manda Sathish
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Sampath Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
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Kubota K, Endo T, Ito H. Solid-state mechanochemistry for the rapid and efficient synthesis of tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3365-3371. [PMID: 38425515 PMCID: PMC10901499 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05796h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have received widespread attention as attractive prospective materials for e.g., organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photoredox catalysts, and bioimaging probes. However, their preparation usually requires prolonged reaction times, significant amounts of high-boiling solvents, multistep synthesis, and inert-gas-line techniques. Unfortunately, these requirements represent major drawbacks from both a production-cost and an environmental perspective. Herein, we show that a two-step mechanochemical protocol using ball milling enables the rapid and efficient synthesis of various tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes from relatively cheap iridium(iii) chloride hydrate without the use of significant amounts of organic solvent in air. Notably, a direct one-pot procedure is also demonstrated. The present solid-state approach can be expected to inspire the development of cost-effective and timely production methods for these valuable iridium-based complexes, as well as the discovery of new phosphorescent materials, sensors, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kubota
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tsubura Endo
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hajime Ito
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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Zhang X, Xue S, Yan Y, Liu S, Ye Q, Zhou F. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Thiadiazole Functionalized COF as Oil-Based Lubricant Additive for Reducing Friction and Wear. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4373-4381. [PMID: 38359406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) was prepared via a convenient ball milling process. The aldehyde group terminated COF-F reacted with amino thiadiazole in the ball milling jar under mechanical forces; hence, the thiadiazole functionalized COF-F was obtained and denoted as Thdz@COF-F. The as-prepared Thdz@COF-F serves as an oil-based lubricant additive and exhibits remarkable tribological properties, which can reduce the average friction coefficient of base oil from 0.169 to 0.102 and decrease the wear volume by 87.0%. The antifriction and antiwear performances are mainly due to the repairing effect of Thdz@COF-F nanoparticles and the protective tribo-film that averts the direct contact of friction pairs. In addition, through the ball milling method, triazole and thiazole functionalized COF-F were also prepared and represented good lubrication performance, demonstrating the feasibility of this mechanochemical synthesis method for functionalized COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Shenghua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Yaojie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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Biswas S, Bolm C. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed N-H Insertions of Carbenes under Mechanochemical Conditions. Org Lett 2024; 26:1511-1516. [PMID: 38358095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Under mechanochemical conditions in a mixer mill, Rh2(OAc)4 catalyzes the reaction between aryldiazoesters and anilines to give α-amino esters. The process proceeds under mild conditions and is insensitive to air. It is solvent-free and scalable. A broad substrate scope, short reaction times, operational simplicity, and good functional group tolerance are additional salient features of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Biswas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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38
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Gómez S, Gómez S, Rojas-Valencia N, Hernández JG, Ardila-Fierro KJ, Gómez T, Cárdenas C, Hadad C, Cappelli C, Restrepo A. Interactions and reactivity in crystalline intermediates of mechanochemical cyclorhodation reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2228-2241. [PMID: 38165158 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04201d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is experimental evidence that solid mixtures of the rhodium dimer [Cp*RhCl2]2 and benzo[h] quinoline (BHQ) produce two different polymorphic molecular cocrystals called 4α and 4β under ball milling conditions. The addition of NaOAc to the mixture leads to the formation of the rhodacycle [Cp*Rh-(BHQ)Cl], where the central Rh atom retains its tetracoordinate character. Isolate 4β reacts with NaOAc leading to the same rhodacycle while isolate 4α does not under the same conditions. We show that the puzzling difference in reactivity between the two cocrystals can be traced back to fundamental aspects of the intermolecular interactions between the BHQ and [Cp*RhCl2]2 fragments in the crystalline environment. To support this view, we report a number of descriptors of the nature and strength of chemical bonds and intermolecular interactions in the extended solids and in a cluster model. We calculate formal quantum mechanical descriptors based on electronic structure, electron density, and binding and interaction energies including an energy decomposition analysis. Without exception, all descriptors point to 4β being a transient structure higher in energy than 4α with larger local and global electrophilic and nucleophilic powers, a more favorable spatial and energetic distribution of the frontier orbitals, and a more fragile crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gómez
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Santiago Gómez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Natalia Rojas-Valencia
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - José G Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Karen J Ardila-Fierro
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Tatiana Gómez
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Center, Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 425, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárdenas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Centro para el desarrollo de las Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Av. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cacier Hadad
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Classe di Scienze, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Albeiro Restrepo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
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39
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Takizawa S. Synthesis and Structural and Optical Behavior of Dehydrohelicene-Containing Polycyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:296. [PMID: 38257209 PMCID: PMC10819569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicene-based molecules stand out as highly promising scaffolds and captivating chiroptical materials, characterized by their unique chirality. Their quasi-helical π-conjugated molecular architecture, featuring successively ortho-annulated aromatic rings, endows them with remarkable thermal stability and optical properties. Over the past decade, diverse approaches have emerged for synthesizing these scaffolds, reinvigorating this field, with anticipated increased attention in the coming years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of dehydrohelicene chemistry since the pioneering work of Zander and Franke in 1969 and highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various molecules incorporating dehydrohelicene motifs. We elucidate the intriguing structural features and optical merits of these molecules, occasionally drawing comparisons with their helicene or circulene analogs to underscore the significance of the bond between the helical termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
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40
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Templ J, Schnürch M. Allylation of C-, N-, and O-Nucleophiles via a Mechanochemically-Driven Tsuji-Trost Reaction Suitable for Late-Stage Modification of Bioactive Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314637. [PMID: 37931225 PMCID: PMC10952285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the first solvent-free, mechanochemical protocol for a palladium-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost allylation. This approach features exceptionally low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %), short reaction times (<90 min), and a simple setup, eliminating the need for air or moisture precautions, making the process highly efficient and environmentally benign. We introduce solid, nontoxic, and easy-to-handle allyl trimethylammonium salts as valuable alternative to volatile or hazardous reagents. Our approach enables the allylation of various O-, N-, and C-nucleophiles in yields up to 99 % even for structurally complex bioactive compounds, owing to its mild conditions and exceptional functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/E1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/E1631060ViennaAustria
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41
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Templ J, Schnürch M. Allylation of C-, N-, and O-Nucleophiles via a Mechanochemically-Driven Tsuji-Trost Reaction Suitable for Late-Stage Modification of Bioactive Molecules. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 136:e202314637. [PMID: 38516646 PMCID: PMC10953357 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202314637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
We present the first solvent-free, mechanochemical protocol for a palladium-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost allylation. This approach features exceptionally low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol %), short reaction times (<90 min), and a simple setup, eliminating the need for air or moisture precautions, making the process highly efficient and environmentally benign. We introduce solid, nontoxic, and easy-to-handle allyl trimethylammonium salts as valuable alternative to volatile or hazardous reagents. Our approach enables the allylation of various O-, N-, and C-nucleophiles in yields up to 99 % even for structurally complex bioactive compounds, owing to its mild conditions and exceptional functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/E1631060ViennaAustria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU WienGetreidemarkt 9/E1631060ViennaAustria
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42
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Zwaihed W, Maurel F, Kobeissi M, Schmaltz B. New Quinoid Bio-Inspired Materials Using Para-Azaquinodimethane Moiety. Molecules 2023; 29:186. [PMID: 38202770 PMCID: PMC10780065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinoid single molecules are regarded as promising materials for electronic applications due to their tunable chemical structure-driven properties. A series of three single bio-inspired quinoid materials containing para-azaquinodimethane (p-AQM) moiety were designed, synthesized and characterized. AQM1, AQM2 and AQM3, prepared using aldehydes derived from almonds, corncobs and cinnamon, respectively, were studied as promising quinoid materials for optoelectronic applications. The significance of facile synthetic procedures is highlighted through a straightforward two-step synthesis, using Knoevenagel condensation. The synthesized molecules showed molar extinction coefficients of 22,000, 32,000 and 61,000 L mol-1 cm-1, respectively, for AQM1, AQM2 and AQM3. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps were calculated experimentally, theoretically showing the same trends: AQM3 < AQM2 < AQM1. The role of the aryl substituent was studied and showed an impact on the electronic properties. DFT calculations show planar structures with quinoidal bond length alternation, in agreement with the experimental results. Finally, these bio-based materials showed high thermal stabilities between 290 °C and 340 °C and a glassy behavior after the first heating-cooling scan. These results highlight these bio-based single molecules as potential candidates for electronic or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Zwaihed
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes Pour l’Energie (PCM2E)EA6299, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
- Laboratoire Rammal Rammal, Equipe de Synthèse Organique Appliquée SOA, Faculté des Sciences 5, Université Libanaise, Boulevard Nabih Berri, Quartier des Universités, Nabatieh 6573/14, Lebanon;
| | | | - Marwan Kobeissi
- Laboratoire Rammal Rammal, Equipe de Synthèse Organique Appliquée SOA, Faculté des Sciences 5, Université Libanaise, Boulevard Nabih Berri, Quartier des Universités, Nabatieh 6573/14, Lebanon;
| | - Bruno Schmaltz
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes Pour l’Energie (PCM2E)EA6299, Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France;
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43
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Pan S, Mulks FF, Wu P, Rissanen K, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Iron-Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: Direct Synthesis of N-Acyl Sulfonimidamides from Sulfinamides and Dioxazolones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202316702. [PMID: 38055189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A mechanochemical synthesis of sulfonimidamides by iron(II)-catalyzed exogenous ligand-free N-acyl nitrene transfer to sulfinamides is reported. The one-step method tolerates a wide range of sulfinamides with various substituents under solvent-free ambient conditions. Compared to its solution-phase counterpart, this mechanochemical approach shows better conversion and chemoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations by ESI-MS revealed the generation of crucial nitrene iron intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Pan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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44
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Silva IDA, Bartalucci E, Bolm C, Wiegand T. Opportunities and Challenges in Applying Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Mechanochemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304092. [PMID: 37407000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years it is shown that mechanochemical strategies can be beneficial in directed conversions of organic compounds. Finding new reactions proved difficult, and due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical reaction events, respective efforts have mostly remained empirical. Spectroscopic techniques are crucial in shedding light on these questions. In this overview, the opportunities and challenges of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the field of organic mechanochemistry are discussed. After a brief discussion of the basics of high-resolution solid-state NMR under magic-angle spinning (MAS) conditions, seven opportunities for solid-state NMR in the field of organic mechanochemistry are presented, ranging from ex situ approaches to structurally elucidated reaction products obtained by milling to the potential and limitations of in situ solid-state NMR approaches. Particular strengths of solid-state NMR, for instance in differentiating polymorphs, in NMR-crystallographic structure-determination protocols, or in detecting weak noncovalent interactions in molecular-recognition events employing proton-detected solid-state NMR experiments at fast MAS frequencies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ettore Bartalucci
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wiegand
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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45
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Marchetti D, Pedrini A, Massera C, Faye Diouf MD, Jandl C, Steinfeld G, Gemmi M. 3D electron diffraction analysis of a novel, mechanochemically synthesized supramolecular organic framework based on tetrakis-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2023; 79:432-436. [PMID: 37811771 PMCID: PMC10833357 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520623007680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrakis-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane (TPPM) is a tetrahedral rigid molecule that crystallizes forming a dynamically responsive supramolecular organic framework (SOF). When exposed to different stimuli, this supramolecular network can reversibly switch from an empty to a filled solvated solid phase. This article describes a novel expanded form of a TPPM-based SOF that has been mechanochemically synthesized and whose crystal structure has been determined by 3D electron diffraction analysis using a novel electron diffractometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
| | - Moussa Diame Faye Diouf
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Christian Jandl
- ELDICO Scientific AG, PARK INNOVAARE: deliveryLAB, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Steinfeld
- ELDICO Scientific AG, PARK INNOVAARE: deliveryLAB, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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46
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Wenger LE, Hanusa TP. Synthesis without solvent: consequences for mechanochemical reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14210-14222. [PMID: 37953718 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Solvents are so nearly omnipresent in synthetic chemistry that a classic question for their use has been: "What is the best solvent for this reaction?" The increasing use of mechanochemical approaches to synthesis-by grinding, milling, extrusion, or other means-and usually with no, or only limited, amounts of solvent, has raised an alternative question for the synthetic chemist: "What happens if there is no solvent?" This review focuses on a three-part answer to that question: when there is little change ("solvent-optional" reactions); when solvent needs to be present in some form, even if only in the amounts provided by liquid-assisted (LAG) or solvate-assisted grinding; and those cases in which mechanochemistry allows access to compounds that cannot be obtained from solution-based routes. The emphasis here is on inorganic and organometallic systems, including selected examples of mechanosynthesis and mechanocatalysis. Issues of mechanochemical depictions and the adequacy of LAG descriptions are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.
| | - Timothy P Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37235, USA.
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47
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Stolar T, Alić J, Talajić G, Cindro N, Rubčić M, Molčanov K, Užarević K, Hernández JG. Supramolecular intermediates in thermo-mechanochemical direct amidations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13490-13493. [PMID: 37882212 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04448c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a solvent-free thermo-mechanochemical approach for the direct coupling of carboxylic acids and amines, which avoids activators and additives. Detailed analysis of the reactions by ex situ and in situ monitoring methods led to the observation, isolation, and characterisation of multicomponent crystalline intermediates that precede the formation of amides. We applied our methodology for the quantitative synthesis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient moclobemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Alić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Gregor Talajić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | - José G Hernández
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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48
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Julien PA, Arhangelskis M, Germann LS, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Morris AJ, Friščić T. Illuminating milling mechanochemistry by tandem real-time fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy monitoring. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12121-12132. [PMID: 37969588 PMCID: PMC10631231 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of accessible and interpretable methods for direct and real-time observation of mechanochemical reactions, we demonstrate a tandem spectroscopic method for monitoring of ball-milling transformations combining fluorescence emission and Raman spectroscopy, accompanied by high-level molecular and periodic density-functional theory (DFT) calculations, including periodic time-dependent (TD-DFT) modelling of solid-state fluorescence spectra. This proof-of-principle report presents this readily accessible dual-spectroscopy technique as capable of observing changes to the supramolecular structure of the model pharmaceutical system indometacin during mechanochemical polymorph transformation and cocrystallisation. The observed time-resolved in situ spectroscopic and kinetic data are supported by ex situ X-ray diffraction and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. The application of first principles (ab initio) calculations enabled the elucidation of how changes in crystalline environment, that result from mechanochemical reactions, affect vibrational and electronic excited states of molecules. The herein explored interpretation of both real-time and ex situ spectroscopic data through ab initio calculations provides an entry into developing a detailed mechanistic understanding of mechanochemical milling processes and highlights the challenges of using real-time spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada 13 General Crerar Crescent K7K 7B4 Kingston Canada
| | - Mihails Arhangelskis
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw 1 Pasteura St. 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Luzia S Germann
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches-Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestrasse 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research Heisenbergstrasse 1 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. H3A 0B8 Montreal Canada
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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49
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Adamou P, Harkou E, Hafeez S, Manos G, Villa A, Al-Salem SM, Constantinou A, Dimitratos N. Recent progress on sonochemical production for the synthesis of efficient photocatalysts and the impact of reactor design. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106610. [PMID: 37806038 PMCID: PMC10568290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemical-assisted synthesis has flourished recently for the design of photocatalysts. The main power used is ultrasound that allows the nanomaterials shape and size modification and control. This review highlights the effect in formation mechanism by ultrasound application and the most common photocatalysts that were prepared via sonochemical techniques. Moreover, the challenge for the suitable reactor design for the synthesis of materials or for their photocatalytic evaluation is discussed since the most prominent reactor systems, batch, and continuous flow, has both advantages and drawbacks. This work summarises the significance of sonochemical synthesis for photocatalytic materials as a green technology that needs to be further investigated for the preparation of new materials and the scale up of developed reactor systems to meet industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiota Adamou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleana Harkou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Sanaa Hafeez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - George Manos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WCIE 7JE, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Alberto Villa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S M Al-Salem
- Environment & Life Sciences Research Centre, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box: 24885, Safat 13109, Kuwait
| | - Achilleas Constantinou
- Department of Chemical Engineering Cyprus University of Technology, 57 Corner of Athinon and Anexartisias, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Nikolaos Dimitratos
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna, Italy; Center for Chemical Catalysis - C3, University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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50
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Reynes JF, Isoni V, García F. Tinkering with Mechanochemical Tools for Scale Up. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300819. [PMID: 37114517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemistry provides an environmentally benign platform to develop more sustainable chemical processes by limiting raw materials, energy use, and waste generation while using physically smaller equipment. A continuously growing research community has steadily showcased examples of beneficial mechanochemistry applications at both the laboratory and the preparative scale. In contrast to solution-based chemistry, mechanochemical processes have not yet been standardized, and thus scaling up is still a nascent discipline. The purpose of this Minireview is to highlight similarities, differences and challenges of the various approaches that have been successfully applied for a range of chemical applications at various scales. We hope to provide a discussion starting point for those interested in further developing mechanochemical processes for commercial use and/or industrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier F Reynes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Valerio Isoni
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1, Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore
| | - Felipe García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Av. Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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