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Scalability of U-Shape Magnetic Nanoparticles-Based Microreactor–Lipase-Catalyzed Preparative Scale Kinetic Resolutions of Drug-like Fragments. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and fine chemicals is accelerating due to the advent of novel microreactors and new materials for immobilizing customized biocatalysts that permit long-term use in continuous-flow reactors. This work studied the scalability of a tunable U-shape magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-based microreactor. The reactor consisted of a polytetrafluoroethylene tube (PTFE) of various inner diameters (ID = 0.75 mm, 1.50 mm, or 2.15 mm) and six movable permanent magnets positioned under the tube to create reaction chambers allowing the fluid reaction mixture to flow through and above the enzyme-loaded MNPs anchored by permanent magnets. The microreactors with various tube sizes and MNP capacities were tested with the preparative scale kinetic resolution of the drug-like alcohols 4-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butan-2-ol (±)-1a and 4-(3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)butan-2-ol (±)-1b, utilizing Lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized covalently onto MNPs, leading to highly enantioenriched products [(R)-2a,b and (S)-1a,b]. The results in the U-shape MNP flow reactor were compared with reactions in the batch mode with CaLB-MNPs using similar conditions. Of the three different systems, the one with ID = 1.50 mm showed the best balance between the maximum loading capacity of biocatalysts in the reactor and the most effective cross-section area. The results showed that this U-shaped tubular microreactor might be a simple and flexible instrument for many processes in biocatalysis, providing an easy-to-set-up alternative to existing techniques.
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Némethová V, Krištofíková D, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Asymmetric Organocatalysis Under Mechanochemical Conditions. CHEM REC 2023:e202200283. [PMID: 36703542 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is a robust methodology providing access to numerous valuable compounds while having green chemistry principles in mind. The realization of organocatalytic transformation under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions brings additional benefits in terms of yields, selectivities, and, last but not least overall improved sustainability. This overview describes developments in the use of mechanochemistry as a vehicle for asymmetric organocatalytic transformations. The material is organized according to main catalytic activation modes, starting with covalent activation and proceeding to non-covalent activation modes. The advantages of mechanochemical organocatalytic reactions are particularly highlighted, but in some cases also, limitations are mentioned. Possibilities for target compound synthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Némethová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Krištofíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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3
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Kaabel S, Arciszewski J, Borchers TH, Therien JPD, Friščić T, Auclair K. Solid-State Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mixed PET/Cotton Textiles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201613. [PMID: 36165763 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Waste polyester textiles are not recycled due to separation challenges and partial structural degradation during use and recycling. Chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textiles through depolymerization can provide a feedstock of recycled monomers to make "as-new" polymers. While enzymatic PET recycling is a more selective and more sustainable approach, methods in development, however, have thus far been limited to clean, high-quality PET feedstocks, and require an energy-intensive melt-amorphization step ahead of enzymatic treatment. Here, high-crystallinity PET in mixed PET/cotton textiles could be directly and selectively depolymerized to terephthalic acid (TPA) by using a commercial cutinase from Humicola insolens under moist-solid reaction conditions, affording up to 30±2 % yield of TPA. The process was readily combined with cotton depolymerization through simultaneous or sequential application of the cellulase enzymes CTec2®, providing up to 83±4 % yield of glucose without any negative influence on the TPA yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jane Arciszewski
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tristan H Borchers
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - J P Daniel Therien
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
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Cuccu F, De Luca L, Delogu F, Colacino E, Solin N, Mocci R, Porcheddu A. Mechanochemistry: New Tools to Navigate the Uncharted Territory of "Impossible" Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200362. [PMID: 35867602 PMCID: PMC9542358 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical transformations have made chemists enter unknown territories, forcing a different chemistry perspective. While questioning or revisiting familiar concepts belonging to solution chemistry, mechanochemistry has broken new ground, especially in the panorama of organic synthesis. Not only does it foster new "thinking outside the box", but it also has opened new reaction paths, allowing to overcome the weaknesses of traditional chemistry exactly where the use of well-established solution-based methodologies rules out progress. In this Review, the reader is introduced to an intriguing research subject not yet fully explored and waiting for improved understanding. Indeed, the study is mainly focused on organic transformations that, although impossible in solution, become possible under mechanochemical processing conditions, simultaneously entailing innovation and expanding the chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Cuccu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Niclas Solin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Electronic and Photonic Materials (EFM), Building Fysikhuset, Room M319, Campus, Valla, Sweden
| | - Rita Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Sánchez‐Muñoz GK, Ortega‐Rojas MA, Chavelas‐Hernández L, Razo‐Hernández RS, Valdéz‐Camacho JR, Escalante J. Solvent‐Free Lipase‐Catalyzed Transesterification of Alcohols with Methyl Esters Under Vacuum‐Assisted Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grecia K. Sánchez‐Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Marina A. Ortega‐Rojas
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Leticia Chavelas‐Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Rodrigo S. Razo‐Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Jonathan R. Valdéz‐Camacho
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - Jaime Escalante
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Centro de Investigaciones Químicas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Av. Universidad No. 1001, Col. Chamilpa C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Morelos México
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Hollenbach R, Delavault A, Gebhardt L, Soergel H, Muhle-Goll C, Ochsenreither K, Syldatk C. Lipase-Mediated Mechanoenzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters in Dissolved Unconventional and Neat Reaction Systems. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10192-10202. [PMID: 35966390 PMCID: PMC9364441 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanochemical and biocatalytic approaches in modern research are two major assets to develop greener processes. In the present study, these modular tools of sustainability are pointed toward the production of versatile and daily employed compounds such as surfactants. Toward this aim, glycolipids, a class of nonionic surfactants composed of ubiquitous and primary metabolites such as sugar and fatty acid moieties, represent a promising alternative to petroleum-derived surface-active agents. Therefore, the combination of biocatalysis with mechanochemistry aiming at glycolipid synthesis seemed a logical step that was taken in this study for the first time. The monoacylated model compound glucose-6-O-decanoate was synthesized with the help of a bead mill apparatus using two different unconventional dissolved reaction systems, namely, menthol-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents and 2-methyl-2-butanol, thus reaching up to 12% yield in the latter based on the conversion of vinyl decanoate, after only 90 min of reaction. In addition, a neat reaction system using an excess of vinylated fatty ester as an adjuvant allowed a 27 mM/h space-time yield. The overall significant increase in productivities, up to 6 times, compared to standard heating and shaking methods, shows the tremendous potential of mechanoenzymatic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hollenbach
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - André Delavault
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Laura Gebhardt
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Hannah Soergel
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 4 and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Claudia Muhle-Goll
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 4 and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Christoph Syldatk
- Technical
Biology, Institute for Process Engineering in Life Sciences II, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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7
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Green Strategies for the Preparation of Enantiomeric 5-8-Membered Carbocyclic β-Amino Acid Derivatives through CALB-Catalyzed Hydrolysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082600. [PMID: 35458798 PMCID: PMC9032184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase B-catalyzed hydrolysis of carbocyclic 5−8-membered cis β-amino esters was carried out in green organic media, under solvent-free and ball-milling conditions. In accordance with the high enantioselectivity factor (E > 200) observed in organic media, the preparative-scale resolutions of β-amino esters were performed in tBuOMe at 65 °C. The unreacted β-amino ester enantiomers (1R,2S) and product β-amino acid enantiomers (1S,2R) were obtained with modest to excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) values (ees > 62% and eep > 96%) and in good chemical yields (>25%) in one or two steps. The enantiomers were easily separated by organic solvent/H2O extraction.
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8
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Arciszewski J, Auclair K. Mechanoenzymatic Reactions Involving Polymeric Substrates or Products. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102084. [PMID: 35104019 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoenzymology is an emerging field in which mechanical mixing is used to sustain enzymatic reactions in low-solvent or solvent-free mixtures. Many enzymes have been reported that thrive under such conditions. Considering the central role of biopolymers and synthetic polymers in our society, this minireview highlights the use of mechanoenzymology for the synthesis or depolymerization of oligomeric or polymeric materials. In contrast to traditional in-solution reactions, solvent-free mechanoenzymology has the advantages of avoiding solubility issues, proceeding in a minimal volume, and reducing solvent waste while potentially improving the reaction efficiency and accessing new reactivity. It is expected that this strategy will continue to gain popularity and find more applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Arciszewski
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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9
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Gamboa-Velázquez G, Juaristi E. Mechanoenzymology in the Kinetic Resolution of β-Blockers: Propranolol as a Case Study. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:343-350. [PMID: 36855594 PMCID: PMC9955203 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biotechnology, protein engineering, and enzymatic immobilization have made it possible to carry out biocatalytic transformations through alternative non-conventional activation strategies. In particular, mechanoenzymology (i.e., the use of the mechanical force produced by milling or grinding to activate a biotransformation) has become a new area in so-called "green chemistry", reshaping key fundaments of biocatalysis and leading to the exploration of enzymatic transformations under more sustainable conditions. Significantly, numerous chiral active pharmaceutical ingredients have been synthesized via mechanoenzymatic methods, boosting the use of biocatalysis in the synthesis of chiral drugs. In this regard and aiming to widen the scope of the young field of mechanoenzymology, a dual kinetic resolution of propranolol precursors was explored. The biocatalytic methodology mediated by Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB) and activated by mechanical force allowed the isolation of both enantiomeric precursors of propranolol with high enantiomeric excess (up to 99% ee), complete conversion (c = 50%), and excellent enantiodifferentiation (E > 300). Moreover, the enantiomerically pure products were used to synthesize both enantiomers of the β-blocker propranolol with high enantiopurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Gamboa-Velázquez
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación
y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Eusebio Juaristi
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación
y de Estudios Avanzados, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico,El
Colegio Nacional, Luis
González Obregón 23, Centro Histórico, 06020 Ciudad de México, Mexico,
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Williams MTJ, Morrill LC, Browne DL. Mechanochemical Organocatalysis: Do High Enantioselectivities Contradict What We Might Expect? CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102157. [PMID: 34767693 PMCID: PMC9300213 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ball mills input energy to samples by pulverising the contents of the jar. Each impact on the sample or wall of the jar results in an instantaneous transmission of energy in the form of a temperature and pressure increase (volume reduction). Conversely, enantioselective organocatalytic reactions proceed through perceived delicate and well-organised transition states. Does there exist a dichotomy in the idea of enantioselective mechanochemical organocatalysis? This Review provides a survey of the literature reporting the combination of organocatalytic reactions with mechanochemical ball milling conditions. Where possible, direct comparisons of stirred in solution, stirred neat and ball milled processes are drawn with a particular focus on control of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Williams
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Louis C. Morrill
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiffCF10 3ATUK
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistrySchool of PharmacyUniversity College London29–39 Brunswick Square, BloomsburyLondonWC1N 1AXUK
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