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Hu B, Zhang J, Huang J, Luo B, Zeng X, Jia J. NLRP3/1-mediated pyroptosis: beneficial clues for the development of novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2400-2410. [PMID: 38526276 PMCID: PMC11090449 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in innate immunity that mediates the inflammatory response leading to pyroptosis, which is a lytic, inflammatory form of cell death. There is accumulating evidence that nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated microglial pyroptosis and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in the brain are closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we summarize the possible pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on neuroinflammation. We also describe the structures of NLRP3 and NLRP1 and the role their activation plays in Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we examine the neuroprotective activity of small-molecule inhibitors, endogenous inhibitor proteins, microRNAs, and natural bioactive molecules that target NLRP3 and NLRP1, based on the rationale that inhibiting NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis can be an effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bairu Luo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinjing Jia
- Research Center of Neuroscience, Jiaxing University Medical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
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Li Y, Qiang R, Cao Z, Wu Q, Wang J, Lyu W. NLRP3 Inflammasomes: Dual Function in Infectious Diseases. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:407-417. [PMID: 39102612 PMCID: PMC11299487 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been the most distinctive polymer protein complex. After recognizing the endogenous and exogenous danger signals, NLRP3 can cause inflammation by pyroptosis and secretion of mature, bioactive forms of IL-1β and IL-18. The NLRP3 inflammasome is essential in the genesis and progression of infectious illnesses. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the NLRP3 inflammasome in infectious diseases, focusing on its two-sided effects. As an essential part of host defense with a protective impact, abnormal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, however, result in a systemic high inflammatory response, leading to subsequent damage. In addition, scientific evidence of small molecules, biologics, and phytochemicals acting on the NLRP3 inflammasome has been reviewed. We believe that the NLRP3 inflammasome helps us understand the pathological mechanism of different stages of infectious diseases and that inhibitors targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome will become a new and valuable research direction for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Rui Qiang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shunyi Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengmin Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Qingjuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
| | - Wenliang Lyu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing
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Silva F, Boal-Carvalho I, Williams N, Chabert M, Niu C, Hedhili D, Choltus H, Liaudet N, Gaïa N, Karenovics W, Francois P, Schmolke M. Identification of a short sequence motif in the influenza A virus pathogenicity factor PB1-F2 required for inhibition of human NLRP3. J Virol 2024; 98:e0041124. [PMID: 38567952 PMCID: PMC11092369 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00411-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein signaling complex responsible for the proteolytic activation and release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β from monocytes and macrophages. Some influenza A virus (IAV) strains encode a short 90-amino acid peptide (PB1-F2) on an alternative open reading frame of segment 2, with immunomodulatory activity. We recently demonstrated that contemporary IAV PB1-F2 inhibits the activation of NLRP3, potentially by NEK7-dependent activation. PB1-F2 binds to NLRP3 with its C-terminal 50 amino acids, but the exact binding motif was unknown. On the NLRP3 side, the interface is formed through the leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) domain, potentially in conjunction with the pyrin domain. Here, we took advantage of PB1-F2 sequences from IAV strains with either weak or strong NLRP3 interaction. Sequence comparison and structure prediction using Alphafold2 identified a short four amino acid sequence motif (TQGS) in PB1-F2 that defines NLRP3-LRR binding. Conversion of this motif to that of the non-binding PB1-F2 suffices to lose inhibition of NLRP3 dependent IL-1β release. The TQGS motif further alters the subcellular localization of PB1-F2 and its colocalization with NLRP3 LRR and pyrin domain. Structural predictions suggest the establishment of additional hydrogen bonds between the C-terminus of PB1-F2 and the LRR domain of NLRP3, with two hydrogen bonds connecting to threonine and glutamine of the TQGS motif. Phylogenetic data show that the identified NLRP3 interaction motif in PB1-F2 is widely conserved among recent IAV-infecting humans. Our data explain at a molecular level the specificity of NLRP3 inhibition by influenza A virus. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus infection is accompanied by a strong inflammatory response and high fever. The human immune system facilitates the swift clearance of the virus with this response. An essential signal protein in the proinflammatory host response is IL-1b. It is released from inflammatory macrophages, and its production and secretion depend on the function of NLRP3. We had previously shown that influenza A virus blocks NLRP3 activation by the expression of a viral inhibitor, PB1-F2. Here, we demonstrate how this short peptide binds to NLRP3 and provide evidence that a four amino acid stretch in PB1-F2 is necessary and sufficient to mediate this binding. Our data identify a new virus-host interface required to block one signaling path of the innate host response against influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filo Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Inês Boal-Carvalho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalia Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Chabert
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chengyue Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dalila Hedhili
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hélèna Choltus
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Liaudet
- Bioimaging Core Facility, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Gaïa
- Genomic Research Laboratory, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrice Francois
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Thoracic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for inflammation research, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Xu Z, Kombe Kombe AJ, Deng S, Zhang H, Wu S, Ruan J, Zhou Y, Jin T. NLRP inflammasomes in health and disease. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:14. [PMID: 38644450 PMCID: PMC11033252 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
NLRP inflammasomes are a group of cytosolic multiprotein oligomer pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) produced by infected cells. They regulate innate immunity by triggering a protective inflammatory response. However, despite their protective role, aberrant NLPR inflammasome activation and gain-of-function mutations in NLRP sensor proteins are involved in occurrence and enhancement of non-communicating autoimmune, auto-inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. In the last few years, significant advances have been achieved in the understanding of the NLRP inflammasome physiological functions and their molecular mechanisms of activation, as well as therapeutics that target NLRP inflammasome activity in inflammatory diseases. Here, we provide the latest research progress on NLRP inflammasomes, including NLRP1, CARD8, NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP2, NLRP9, NLRP10, and NLRP12 regarding their structural and assembling features, signaling transduction and molecular activation mechanisms. Importantly, we highlight the mechanisms associated with NLRP inflammasome dysregulation involved in numerous human auto-inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. Overall, we summarize the latest discoveries in NLRP biology, their forming inflammasomes, and their role in health and diseases, and provide therapeutic strategies and perspectives for future studies about NLRP inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xu
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Arnaud John Kombe Kombe
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shasha Deng
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, 06030, USA.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Center of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Laboratory of Structural Immunology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Core Facility Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
- Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been a rapid increase in silicosis cases, particularly related to artificial stone. The key to management is avoidance of silica exposure. Despite this, many develop progressive disease and there are no routinely recommended treatments. This review provides a summary of the literature pertaining to pharmacological therapies for silicosis and examines the plausibility of success of such treatments given the disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS In-vitro and in-vivo models demonstrate potential efficacy for drugs, which target inflammasomes, cytokines, effector cells, fibrosis, autophagy, and oxidation. SUMMARY There is some evidence for potential therapeutic targets in silicosis but limited translation into human studies. Treatment of silicosis likely requires a multimodal approach, and there is considerable cross-talk between pathways; agents that modulate both inflammation, fibrosis, autophagy, and ROS production are likely to be most efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Barnes
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne
| | - Maggie Lam
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Hoy
- Monash Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Monash University
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health
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Calabrese L, Fiocco Z, Mellett M, Aoki R, Rubegni P, French LE, Satoh TK. Role of the NLRP1 inflammasome in skin cancer and inflammatory skin diseases. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:305-315. [PMID: 37889986 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic protein complexes that play a crucial role in protecting the host against pathogenic and sterile stressors by initiating inflammation. Upon activation, these complexes directly regulate the proteolytic processing and activation of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to induce a potent inflammatory response, and induce a programmed form of cell death called pyroptosis to expose intracellular pathogens to the surveillance of the immune system, thus perpetuating inflammation. There are various types of inflammasome complexes, with the NLRP1 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-1) inflammasome being the first one identified and currently recognized as the predominant inflammasome sensor protein in human keratinocytes. Human NLRP1 exhibits a unique domain structure, containing both an N-terminal pyrin (PYD) domain and an effector C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). It can be activated by diverse stimuli, such as viruses, ultraviolet B radiation and ribotoxic stress responses. Specific mutations in NLRP1 or related genes have been associated with rare monogenic skin disorders, such as multiple self-healing palmoplantar carcinoma; familial keratosis lichenoides chronica; autoinflammation with arthritis and dyskeratosis; and dipeptidyl peptidase 9 deficiency. Recent research breakthroughs have also highlighted the involvement of dysfunctions in the NLRP1 pathway in a handful of seemingly unrelated dermatological conditions. These range from monogenic autoinflammatory diseases to polygenic autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and skin cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and Kaposi sarcoma. Additionally, emerging evidence implicates NLRP1 in systemic lupus erythematosus, pemphigus vulgaris, Addison disease, Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome and leprosy. The aim of this review is to shed light on the implications of pathological dysregulation of the NLRP1 inflammasome in skin diseases and investigate the potential rationale for targeting this pathway as a future therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Calabrese
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Zeno Fiocco
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rui Aoki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Pietro Rubegni
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Takashi K Satoh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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Barry K, Murphy C, Mansell A. NLRP1- A CINDERELLA STORY: a perspective of recent advances in NLRP1 and the questions they raise. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1274. [PMID: 38104185 PMCID: PMC10725483 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP1, while the first inflammasome described, has only recently begun to gain significant attention in disease pathology, inflammation research, and potentially, as a therapeutic target. Recently identified human variants provide key insights into NLRP1 biology while its unique expression in barrier cells such as keratinocytes and airway epithelial cells has aligned with new, human specific agonists. This differentiates NLRP1 from other inflammasomes such as NLRP3 and identifies it as a key therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. Indeed, recent discoveries highlight that NLRP1 may be the predominant inflammasome in human barrier cells, its primary role akin to NLRP3, to respond to cellular stress. This review focuses on recent studies identifying new human-specific NLRP1 mechanisms of activation of, gain-of-function human variants and disease, its role in responding to cellular stress, and discuss potential advances and the therapeutic potential for NLRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Barry
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ashley Mansell
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Zheng X, Zhao D, Jin Y, Liu Y, Liu D. Role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in gynecological disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115393. [PMID: 37660654 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the innate immune system and is a three-part macromolecular complex comprising the NLRP3 protein, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and the cysteine protease pro-caspase-1. When the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated, it can produce interleukin (IL)- 1β and IL-18 and eventually lead to inflammatory cell pyroptosis. Related studies have demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome can induce an immune response and is related to the occurrence and development of gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome and breast cancer. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors are beneficial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and tissue health and have been found effective in targeting some gynecological diseases. However, excessive inhibitor concentrations have been found to cause adverse effects. Therefore, proper control of NLRP3 inflammasome activity is critical. This paper summarizes the structure and function of the NLRP3 inflammasome and highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting it in gynecological diseases, such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome and breast cancer The application of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ye Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Acupuncture department,Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Da Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin, China.
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