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Teuwen JTJ, van der Vorst EPC, Maas SL. Navigating the Maze of Kinases: CaMK-like Family Protein Kinases and Their Role in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6213. [PMID: 38892400 PMCID: PMC11172518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels are a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and even though current treatment strategies focusing on lowering lipid levels are effective, CVD remains the primary cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of CVD and is a chronic inflammatory condition in which various cell types and protein kinases play a crucial role. However, the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis are not entirely understood yet. Notably, protein kinases are highly druggable targets and represent, therefore, a novel way to target atherosclerosis. In this review, the potential role of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like (CaMKL) family and its role in atherosclerosis will be discussed. This family consists of 12 subfamilies, among which are the well-described and conserved liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subfamilies. Interestingly, LKB1 plays a key role and is considered a master kinase within the CaMKL family. It has been shown that LKB1 signaling leads to atheroprotective effects, while, for example, members of the microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK) subfamily have been described to aggravate atherosclerosis development. These observations highlight the importance of studying kinases and their signaling pathways in atherosclerosis, bringing us a step closer to unraveling the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules T. J. Teuwen
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Sanne L. Maas
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Li MS, Wang XH, Wang H. Immunomodulation of Proton-activated G Protein-coupled Receptors in Inflammation. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:475-484. [PMID: 38748372 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Proton-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), initially discovered by Ludwig in 2003, are widely distributed in various tissues. These receptors have been found to modulate the immune system in several inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Proton-activated GPCRs belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and can detect alternations in extracellular pH. This detection triggers downstream signaling pathways within the cells, ultimately influencing the function of immune cells. In this review, we specifically focused on investigating the immune response of proton-activated GPCRs under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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3
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Sun C, Wang Z, Tan Y, Li L, Zhou F, Hu SA, Yan QW, Li LH, Pei G. Mechanism of Mulberry Leaves and Black Sesame in Alleviating Slow Transit Constipation Revealed by Multi-Omics Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:1713. [PMID: 38675536 PMCID: PMC11051911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) possesses the potential of providing good curative effects with no side effects for the effective management of slow transit constipation (STC), an intestinal disease characterized by colonic dyskinesia. Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) and black sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), referred to as SH, are processed and conditioned as per standardized protocols. SH has applications as food and medicine. Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic potential of SH in alleviating STC. The analysis of SH composition identified a total of 504 compounds. The intervention with SH significantly improved intestinal motility, reduced the time for the first black stool, increased antioxidant activity, and enhanced water content, thereby effectively alleviating colon damage caused by STC. Transcriptome analysis revealed the SH in the treatment of STC related to SOD1, MUC2, and AQP1. The analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated notable differences in the abundance of 10 bacteria between the SH and model. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that SH supplementation increased the levels of nine metabolites associated with STC. Integrative analysis revealed that SH modulated amino acid metabolism, balanced intestinal flora, and targeted key genes (i.e., SOD1, MUC2, AQP1) to exert its effects. SH also inhibited the AQP1 expression and promoted SOD1 and MUC2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China;
| | - Zheng Wang
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi & Education Ministry, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China;
| | - Yang Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- National Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Chinese Medicinal Powder & Innovative Medicinal Jointly Established by Province and Ministry, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shi-An Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qin-Wen Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Lin-Hui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Gang Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (C.S.); (Y.T.); (L.L.); (F.Z.); (S.-A.H.); (Q.-W.Y.); (L.-H.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Modern Research of TCM, Education Department of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
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4
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Glitsch MD. Recent advances in acid sensing by G protein coupled receptors. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:445-455. [PMID: 38340167 PMCID: PMC11006784 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Changes in extracellular proton concentrations occur in a variety of tissues over a range of timescales under physiological conditions and also accompany virtually all pathologies, notably cancers, stroke, inflammation and trauma. Proton-activated, G protein coupled receptors are already partially active at physiological extracellular proton concentrations and their activity increases with rising proton concentrations. Their ability to monitor and report changes in extracellular proton concentrations and hence extracellular pH appears to be involved in a variety of processes, and it is likely to mirror and in some cases promote disease progression. Unsurprisingly, therefore, these pH-sensing receptors (pHR) receive increasing attention from researchers working in an expanding range of research areas, from cellular neurophysiology to systemic inflammatory processes. This review is looking at progress made in the field of pHRs over the past few years and also highlights outstanding issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike D Glitsch
- Medical School Hamburg, Am Sandtorkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
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Ma C, Shi Y, Wu S, Ye X, Zhuang Q, Ning M, Xia J, Shen S, Dong Z, Chen D, Liu Z, Wan X. ETS translocation variant 5 (ETV5) promotes CD4 + T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00030-8. [PMID: 38555025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
E26 transformation-specific translocation variant 5 (ETV5) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the exact roles of ETV5 in regulating CD4+ T cell-mediated intestinal inflammation and fibrosis formation remain unclear. Here, we reveal that ETV5 overexpression induced interleukin (IL)-9 and its transcription factor IRF4 expression in IBD CD4+ T cells under T helper type 9 (Th9) cells-polarizing conditions. The silencing of IRF4 inhibited ETV5-induced IL-9 expression. CD4+ T cell-specific ETV5 deletion ameliorated intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis and CD4+ T cell-transferred recombination-activating gene-1 knockout (Rag1-/-) colitis mice, characterized by less CD4+ T cell infiltration and lower fibroblast activation and collagen deposition in the colonic tissues. Furthermore, IL-9 treatment aggressive TNBS-induced intestinal fibrosis in CD4+ T cell-specific ETV5 deletion and wild-type control mice. In vitro, human intestinal fibroblasts cocultured with ETV5 overexpressed-Th9 cells expressed higher levels of collagen I and III, whereas an inclusion of anti-IL-9 antibody could reverse this effect. Ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis demonstrated that IL-9 upregulated TAF1 expression in human intestinal fibroblasts. Clinical data showed that number of α-smooth muscle actin+TAF1+ fibroblasts are higher in inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD. Importantly, TAF1 small interfering ribonucleic acid treatment suppressed IL-9-mediated profibrotic effect in vitro. These findings reveal that CD4+ T cell-derived ETV5 promotes intestinal inflammation and fibrosis through upregulating IL-9-mediated intestinal inflammatory and fibrotic response in IBD. Thus, the ETV5/IL-9 signal pathway in T cells might represent a novel therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation and fibrosis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Ma
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ye
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ning
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Shen
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixia Dong
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research and Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinjian Wan
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xu Y, Liu RR, Yu XJ, Liu XN, Zhang X, Jiang ZH, Cong ZF, Li QQ, Gao P. Quality markers of Dajianzhong decoction based on multicomponent qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with network pharmacology and chemometric analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:146-162. [PMID: 37731278 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dajianzhong decoction (DJZD), a classic famous prescription, has a long history of medicinal application. Modern studies have demonstrated its clinical utility in the treatment of postoperative ileus (POI). But none of the current quality evaluation methods for this compound is associated with efficacy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the quality markers (Q-Markers) connected to the treatment of POI in DJZD. METHODOLOGY Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) was used to identify the main constituents in DJZD. Based on the qualitative results obtained by fingerprinting, chemical pattern recognition (CPR) was used to analyse the key components affecting the quality and finally to establish the network of the active ingredients in DJZD with POI. RESULTS A total of 64 chemical components were detected. After fingerprint analysis, 13 common peaks were identified. The fingerprint similarity of 15 batches of samples ranged from 0.860 to 1.000. CPR analysis was able to categorically classify 15 batches of DJZD into two groups. And gingerenone A, methyl-6-gingerdiol, 6-gingerol, and hydroxy-β-sanshool contributed to their grouping. Twelve common components interact with the therapeutic targets for treating POI. In addition, the mechanism of this prescription for treating POI may be related to the jurisdiction of the neurological system, the immunological system, and the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS This integrated approach can accurately assess and forecast the quality of DJZD, presume the Q-Markers of DJZD for POI, and lay the foundation for studying the theoretical underpinnings and exploring the mechanism of DJZD in the treatment of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Run-Run Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Nan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Feng Cong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Qing Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, P. R. China
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7
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Gray EH, Srenathan U, Durham LE, Lalnunhlimi S, Steel KJA, Catrina A, Kirkham BW, Taams LS. Human in vitro-induced IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells exert pro-inflammatory effects on synovial fibroblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:103-119. [PMID: 37367825 PMCID: PMC10711358 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells, termed Tc17 cells, have been identified at sites of inflammation in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. However, the biological function of human IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells is not well characterized, likely due in part to the relative scarcity of these cells. Here, we expanded IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells from healthy donor PBMC or bulk CD8+ T-cell populations using an in vitro polarization protocol. We show that T-cell activation in the presence of IL-1β and IL-23 significantly increased the frequencies of IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells, which was not further enhanced by IL-6, IL-2, or anti-IFNγ mAb addition. In vitro-generated IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells displayed a distinct type-17 profile compared with IL-17A- CD8+ T-cells, as defined by transcriptional signature (IL17A, IL17F, RORC, RORA, MAF, IL23R, CCR6), high surface expression of CCR6 and CD161, and polyfunctional production of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IFNγ, TNFα, and GM-CSF. A significant proportion of in vitro-induced IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells expressed TCRVα7.2 and bound MR1 tetramers indicative of MAIT cells, indicating that our protocol expanded both conventional and unconventional IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells. Using an IL-17A secretion assay, we sorted the in vitro-generated IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells for functional analysis. Both conventional and unconventional IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells were able to induce pro-inflammatory IL-6 and IL-8 production by synovial fibroblasts from patients with psoriatic arthritis, which was reduced upon addition of anti-TNFα and anti-IL-17A neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, these data demonstrate that human in vitro-generated IL-17A+ CD8+ T-cells are biologically functional and that their pro-inflammatory function can be targeted, at least in vitro, using existing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H Gray
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ushani Srenathan
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy E Durham
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sylvine Lalnunhlimi
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn J A Steel
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anca Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruce W Kirkham
- Department of Rheumatology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Zhou QM, Zheng L. Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cells-susceptibility genes, intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8111-8125. [PMID: 38130785 PMCID: PMC10731169 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i34.8111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people. Paneth cells (PCs) play a central role in IBD pathogenesis, especially in Crohn's disease development, and their morphology, number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes. In the intestine, PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis. Moreover, PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine. This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes, PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Lanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanxi 321100, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 710003, Shaanxi Province, China
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9
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Mohammad Nezhady MA, Modaresinejad M, Zia A, Chemtob S. Versatile lactate signaling via HCAR1: a multifaceted GPCR involved in many biological processes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1502-C1515. [PMID: 37899751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
G-coupled protein receptors (GPCRs) are the ultimate refuge of pharmacology and medicine as more than 40% of all marketed drugs are directly targeting these receptors. Through cell surface expression, they are at the forefront of cellular communication with the outside world. Metabolites among the conveyors of this communication are becoming more prominent with the recognition of them as ligands for GPCRs. HCAR1 is a GPCR conveyor of lactate. It is a class A GPCR coupled to Gαi which reduces cellular cAMP along with the downstream Gβγ signaling. It was first found to inhibit lipolysis, and lately has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, including neural activities, angiogenesis, inflammation, vision, cardiovascular function, stem cell proliferation, and involved in promoting pathogenesis for different conditions, such as cancer. Other than signaling from the plasma membrane, HCAR1 shows nuclear localization with different location-biased activities therein. Although different functions for HCAR1 are being discovered, its cell and molecular mechanisms are yet ill understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive review on HCAR1, which covers the literature on the subject, and discusses its importance and relevance in various biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Mohammad Nezhady
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monir Modaresinejad
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aliabbas Zia
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Li G, Lin J, Gao X, Su H, Lin R, Gao H, Feng Z, Wu H, Feng B, Zuo K, Li Y, Wu W, Fang L, Liu Z. Intestinal epithelial pH-sensing receptor GPR65 maintains mucosal homeostasis via regulating antimicrobial defense and restrains gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257269. [PMID: 37749885 PMCID: PMC10524779 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) regulation of barrier function and mucosal homeostasis enables the establishment of a harmonious gut microenvironment. However, host-derived regulatory networks that modulate intestinal antimicrobial defenses have not been fully defined. Herein we generated mice with IEC-specific deletion of Gpr65 (Gpr65ΔIEC) and investigated the role of epithelial GPR65 using DSS- and C. rodentium-induced murine colitis models. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted on colonic IECs from Gpr65fl/fl and Gpr65ΔIEC mice, and colonoids and colonic epithelial cell lines were used to evaluate the pH-sensing effect of GPR65. The expression of GPR65 was determined in IECs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and DSS colitis mice by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We observed that the absence of GPR65 in IECs abrogated homeostatic antimicrobial programs, including the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and defense response-associated proteins. Gpr65ΔIEC mice displayed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and were prone to DSS- and C. rodentium-induced colitis, as characterized by significantly disrupted epithelial antimicrobial responses, pathogen invasion, and increased inflammatory infiltrates in the inflamed colon. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that deletion of GPR65 in IECs provoked dramatic transcriptome changes with respect to the downregulation of immune and defense responses to bacteria. Forced AMP induction assays conducted in vivo or in ex vivo colonoids revealed that IEC-intrinsic GPR65 signaling drove antimicrobial defense. Mechanistically, GPR65 signaling promoted STAT3 phosphorylation to optimize mucosal defense responses. Epithelial cell line and colonoid assays further confirmed that epithelial GPR65 sensing pH synergized with IL-22 to facilitate antimicrobial responses. Finally, the expression of GPR65 was markedly decreased in the inflamed epithelia of IBD patients and DSS colitis mice. Our findings define an important role of epithelial GPR65 in regulating intestinal homeostasis and mucosal inflammation and point toward a potential therapeutic approach by targeting GPR65 in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfeng Li
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linfen Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Zuo
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zou C, Zan X, Jia Z, Zheng L, Gu Y, Liu F, Han Y, Xu C, Wu A, Zhi Q. Crosstalk between alternative splicing and inflammatory bowel disease: Basic mechanisms, biotechnological progresses and future perspectives. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1479. [PMID: 37983927 PMCID: PMC10659771 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is an omnipresent regulatory mechanism of gene expression that enables the generation of diverse splice isoforms from a single gene. Recently, AS events have gained considerable momentum in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Our review has summarized the complex process of RNA splicing, and firstly highlighted the potential involved molecules that target aberrant splicing events in IBD. The quantitative transcriptome analyses such as microarrays, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for AS events in IBD have been also discussed. RESULTS Available evidence suggests that some abnormal splicing RNAs can lead to multiple intestinal disorders during the onset of IBD as well as the progression to colitis-associated cancer (CAC), including gut microbiota perturbations, intestinal barrier dysfunctions, innate/adaptive immune dysregulations, pro-fibrosis activation and some other risk factors. Moreover, current data show that the advanced technologies, including microarrays and NGS, have been pioneeringly employed to screen the AS candidates and elucidate the potential regulatory mechanisms of IBD. Besides, other biotechnological progresses such as the applications of third-generation sequencing (TGS), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST), will be desired with great expectations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current review is the first one to evaluate the potential regulatory mechanisms of AS events in IBD. The expanding list of aberrantly spliced genes in IBD along with the developed technologies provide us new clues to how IBD develops, and how these important AS events can be explored for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Zou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinquan Zan
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yijie Gu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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12
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Wang X, Li X, Zhang L, An L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Recent progress in plant-derived polysaccharides with prebiotic potential for intestinal health by targeting gut microbiota: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37651130 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products of plant origin are of high interest and widely used, especially in the food industry, due to their low toxicity and wide range of bioactive properties. Compared to other plant components, the safety of polysaccharides has been generally recognized. As dietary fibers, plant-derived polysaccharides are mostly degraded in the intestine by polysaccharide-degrading enzymes secreted by gut microbiota, and have potential prebiotic activity in both non-disease and disease states, which should not be overlooked, especially in terms of their involvement in the treatment of intestinal diseases and the promotion of intestinal health. This review elucidates the regulatory effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on gut microbiota and summarizes the mechanisms involved in targeting gut microbiota for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Further, the structure-activity relationships between different structural types of plant-derived polysaccharides and the occurrence of their prebiotic activity are further explored. Finally, the practical applications of plant-derived polysaccharides in food production and food packaging are summarized and discussed, providing important references for expanding the application of plant-derived polysaccharides in the food industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Nan S, Wan J, Lei Q, Wang X, Ma N, Yin R, Zhu J, Ding M, Ding Y. The involvement of the primo vascular system in local enteritis and its modification by electroacupuncture. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1072996. [PMID: 36713388 PMCID: PMC9874324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1072996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The primo vascular system (PVS), an intensive network structure, has been claimed to be representative of the acupuncture meridian. Here, we explored the role of the PVS in local enteritis and its modification by acupuncture. Methods Chronic cecitis in rabbits was induced by 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS). The PVS on the cecum was visualized with trypan blue staining, and collected with the help of microsurgical forceps under an optical stereomicroscope. Results The increased primo vessels (PVs) and primo nodes (PNs) of the PVS on the surface of the cecum were induced by local inflammation, which was positively correlated with the inflammatory cells in the cecal mucosa. Tandem mass tag (TMT) based proteomic analysis revealed that 110 differentiated proteins of the PVS existed between TNBS-treated and control rabbits; 65 proteins were upregulated, while 45 proteins were downregulated. These proteins were mainly enriched in inflammation- and immunity-related processes, such as inflammatory cell proliferation, antigen presentation, and cell adhesion in the proliferated PVS (data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifiers PXD034280). Importantly, TNBS-induced cecitis, the proliferated PVS and inflammation response-related proteins (CD40, CD45, HLA-DRA1, LAMP1, JAGN1 and FGL1) in the PVS were alleviated or reversed by repetitive electroacupuncture (EA) stimulations. Conclusion These results suggest that the proliferated PVS and its active inclusions were related to the inflammatory process, which was modified by EA. Our study provides a new avenue for further exploration of the mechanism by which EA exerts anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Nan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Gannan Innovation and Transformation Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qianghui Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinya Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiling Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiandi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Yi Ding,
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14
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Lin J, Lu Z, Li G, Zhang C, Lu H, Gao S, Zhu R, Huang H, Aden K, Wang J, Cong Y, Wu H, Liu Z. MCPIP-1-Mediated Immunosuppression of Neutrophils Exacerbates Acute Bacterial Peritonitis and Liver Injury. J Innate Immun 2022; 15:262-282. [PMID: 36273448 PMCID: PMC10643898 DOI: 10.1159/000526784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP-1) is highly expressed in activated immune cells and negatively regulates immune responses, while the mechanisms underlying the immunoregulation of neutrophils in acute bacterial infection and liver injury remain elusive. Here, we examined the role of MCPIP-1 in regulating neutrophil functions during acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. Mice with myeloid cell-specific overexpression (McpipMye-tg) or knockout (McpipΔMye) of MCPIP-1 were generated. We found that reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidase production, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and migratory capacity were deficient in McpipMye-tg neutrophils but enhanced in McpipΔMye neutrophils. The recruitment of neutrophils and pathogen clearance were markedly suppressed in McpipMye-tg mice following intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella typhimurium while intensified in McpipΔMye mice. Severe acute S. typhimurium-infected peritonitis and liver injury occurred in McpipMye-tg mice but were alleviated in McpipΔMye mice. RNA sequencing, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and qPCR analysis revealed that MCPIP-1 downregulated the protective functions of neutrophils via degrading the mRNA of cold inducible RNA-binding protein. Consistently, MCPIP-1 was highly expressed in neutrophils of patients with acute infectious diseases, especially in those with liver injury. Collectively, we uncover that MCPIP-1 negatively regulates the antibacterial capacities of neutrophils, leading to exacerbating severe acute bacterial peritonitis and liver injury. It may serve as a candidate target for maintaining neutrophil homeostasis to control acute infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Konrad Aden
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Rackow AR, Nagel DJ, Zapas G, Clough RS, Sime PJ, Kottmann RM. The Novel Small Molecule BTB Inhibits Pro-Fibrotic Fibroblast Behavior though Inhibition of RhoA Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11946. [PMID: 36233248 PMCID: PMC9569993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, chronic, interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. Although specific anti-fibrotic medications are now available, the median survival time following diagnosis remains very low, and new therapies are urgently needed. To uncover novel therapeutic targets, we examined how biochemical properties of the fibrotic lung are different from the healthy lung. Previous work identified lactate as a metabolite that is upregulated in IPF lung tissue. Importantly, inhibition of the enzyme responsible for lactate production prevents fibrosis in vivo. Further studies revealed that fibrotic lesions of the lung experience a significant decline in tissue pH, likely due to the overproduction of lactate. It is not entirely clear how cells in the lung respond to changes in extracellular pH, but a family of proton sensing G-protein coupled receptors has been shown to be activated by reductions in extracellular pH. This work examines the expression profiles of proton sensing GPCRs in non-fibrotic and IPF-derived primary human lung fibroblasts. We identify TDAG8 as a proton sensing GPCR that is upregulated in IPF fibroblasts and that knockdown of TDAG8 dampens myofibroblast differentiation. To our surprise, BTB, a proposed positive allosteric modulator of TDAG8, inhibits myofibroblast differentiation. Our data suggest that BTB does not require TDAG8 to inhibit myofibroblast differentiation, but rather inhibits myofibroblast differentiation through suppression of RhoA mediated signaling. Our work highlights the therapeutic potential of BTB as an anti-fibrotic treatment and expands upon the importance of RhoA-mediated signaling pathways in the context of myofibroblast differentiation. Furthermore, this works also suggests that TDAG8 inhibition may have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Rackow
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - David J. Nagel
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gregory Zapas
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Ryan S. Clough
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Patricia J. Sime
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - R. Matthew Kottmann
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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ETS-1 facilitates Th1 cell-mediated mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases through upregulating CIRBP. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102872. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Hathaway‐Schrader JD, Novince CM. GPR65, a novel regulator of helper T-cell polarization in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e857. [PMID: 35678010 PMCID: PMC9178348 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D. Hathaway‐Schrader
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics‐Division of Endocrinology, College of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Stomatology‐Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South CarolinaMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
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18
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Feng Z, Sun R, Cong Y, Liu Z. Critical roles of G protein-coupled receptors in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:819-828. [PMID: 35732818 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a group of membrane proteins that mediate most of the physiological responses to various signaling molecules such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and environmental stimulants. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and presents a spectrum of heterogeneous disorders falling under two main clinical subtypes including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and is related to a genetically dysregulated mucosal immune response to environmental drivers, mainly microbiotas. Although many drugs, such as 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and biological agents, have been approved for IBD treatment, none can cure IBD permanently. Emerging evidence indicates significant associations between GPCRs and the pathogenesis of IBD. Here, we provide an overview of the essential physiological functions and signaling pathways of GPCRs and their roles in mucosal immunity and IBD regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ruicong Sun
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
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