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Glucose and Serum Deprivation Led to Altered Proliferation, Differentiation Potential and AMPK Activation in Stem Cells from Human Deciduous Tooth. J Pers Med 2021; 12:jpm12010018. [PMID: 35055333 PMCID: PMC8778212 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an evolving treatment strategy in regenerative medicine. Recent studies report stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth could complement the traditional mesenchymal stem cell sources. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit mesenchymal characteristics with multilineage differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells are widely investigated for cell therapy and disease modeling. Although many research are being conducted to address the challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in clinics, most of the studies are still in infancy. Host cell microenvironment is one of the major factors affecting the homing of transplanted stem cell and understanding the factors affecting the fate of stem cells of prime important. In this study we aimed to understand the effects of serum deprivation in stem cells derived from human deciduous tooth. Our study aimed to understand the morphological, transcriptional, cell cycle and stemness based changes of stem cells in nutrient deprived medium. Our results suggest that stem cells in nutrient deprived media undergo low proliferation, high apoptosis and changed the differentiation potential of the stem cells. Serum deprived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited enhanced chondrogenic differentiation potential and reduced osteogenic differentiation potential. Moreover, the activation of key metabolic sensor AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) leads to activation of transcription factors such as FOXO3, which leads to an S phase quiescence. Serum deprivation also enhanced the expression of stemness related genes Sox2 and c-Myc.
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Montal ED, Bhalla K, Dewi RE, Ruiz CF, Haley JA, Ropell AE, Gordon C, Haley JD, Girnun GD. Inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase blocks lactate utilization and impairs tumor growth in colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:8. [PMID: 31388420 PMCID: PMC6670241 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-019-0199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of malignant cells. While glucose is one of the primary substrates for malignant cells, cancer cells also display a remarkable metabolic flexibility. Depending on nutrient availability and requirements, cancer cells will utilize alternative fuel sources to maintain the TCA cycle for bioenergetic and biosynthetic requirements. Lactate was typically viewed as a passive byproduct of cancer cells. However, studies now show that lactate is an important substrate for the TCA cycle in breast, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Methods Metabolic analysis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was performed using a combination of bioenergetic analysis and 13C stable isotope tracing. Results We show here that CRC cells use lactate to fuel the TCA cycle and promote growth especially under nutrient-deprived conditions. This was mediated in part by maintaining cellular bioenergetics. Therefore targeting the ability of cancer cells to utilize lactate via the TCA cycle would have a significant therapeutic benefit. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is an important cataplerotic enzyme that promotes TCA cycle activity in CRC cells. Treatment of CRC cells with low micromolar doses of a PEPCK inhibitor (PEPCKi) developed for diabetes decreased cell proliferation and utilization of lactate by the TCA cycle in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we observed that the PEPCKi increased nutrient stress as determined by decreased cellular bioenergetics including decreased respiration, ATP levels, and increased AMPK activation. 13C stable isotope tracing showed that the PEPCKi decreased the incorporation of lactate into the TCA cycle. Conclusions These studies highlight lactate as an important substrate for CRC and the use of PEPCKi as a therapeutic approach to target lactate utilization in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Montal
- 1Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.,2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Kavita Bhalla
- 3Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S Greene St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ruby E Dewi
- 4Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Christian F Ruiz
- 2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - John A Haley
- 2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Ashley E Ropell
- 2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Chris Gordon
- 2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - John D Haley
- 2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- 1Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.,2Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA.,5Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Rd, BST Level 9, Room 191, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
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Wright Muelas M, Ortega F, Breitling R, Bendtsen C, Westerhoff HV. Rational cell culture optimization enhances experimental reproducibility in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3029. [PMID: 29445172 PMCID: PMC5813001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimization of experimental conditions is critical in ensuring robust experimental reproducibility. Through detailed metabolomic analysis we found that cell culture conditions significantly impacted on glutaminase (GLS1) sensitivity resulting in variable sensitivity and irreproducibility in data. Baseline metabolite profiling highlighted that untreated cells underwent significant changes in metabolic status. Both the extracellular levels of glutamine and lactate and the intracellular levels of multiple metabolites changed drastically during the assay. We show that these changes compromise the robustness of the assay and make it difficult to reproduce. We discuss the implications of the cells' metabolic environment when studying the effects of perturbations to cell function by any type of inhibitor. We then devised 'metabolically rationalized standard' assay conditions, in which glutaminase-1 inhibition reduced glutamine metabolism differently in both cell lines assayed, and decreased the proliferation of one of them. The adoption of optimized conditions such as the ones described here should lead to an improvement in reproducibility and help eliminate false negatives as well as false positives in these assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wright Muelas
- Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Doctoral Training Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Fernando Ortega
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Claus Bendtsen
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Doctoral Training Centre, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Netherlands Institute for Systems Biology, VU University Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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Lainé AL, Clavreul A, Rousseau A, Tétaud C, Vessieres A, Garcion E, Jaouen G, Aubert L, Guilbert M, Benoit JP, Toillon RA, Passirani C. Inhibition of ectopic glioma tumor growth by a potent ferrocenyl drug loaded into stealth lipid nanocapsules. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1667-77. [PMID: 24842766 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this work, a novel ferrocenyl complex (ansa-FcdiOH) was assessed for brain tumor therapy through stealth lipid nanocapsules (LNCs). Stealth LNCs, prepared according to a one-step process, showed rapid uptake by cancer cells and extended blood circulation time. The ferrocenyl complex was successfully encapsulated into these LNCs measuring 40 nm with a high loading capacity (6.4%). In vitro studies showed a potent anticancer effect of ansa-FcdiOH on 9L cells with a low IC50 value (0.1 μM) associated with an oxidative stress and a dose-dependent alteration of the cell cycle. Repeated intravenous injections of stealth ansa-FcdiOH LNCs in ectopic glioma bearing rats induced a significant tumor growth inhibition, supported by a reduced number of proliferative cells in tumors compared to control group. Additionally, no liver damage was observed in treated animals. These results indicated that stealth ansa-FcdiOH LNCs might be considered as a potential new approach for cancer chemotherapy. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this study, a novel ferrocenyl complex was assessed for brain tumor therapy through stealth lipid nanocapsules, demonstrating no liver damage, and superior tumor volume reduction compared to saline and stealth lipid nanocapsules alone in an ectopic glioma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Lainé
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France; Département de Neurochirurgie - CHU, Angers, France
| | - Audrey Rousseau
- Département de Pathologie Cellulaire et Tissulaire - CHU, Angers, France
| | - Clément Tétaud
- Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France; Département de Neurochirurgie - CHU, Angers, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Garcion
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France
| | | | - Léo Aubert
- Inserm U908, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Benoit
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France
| | | | - Catherine Passirani
- LUNAM Université - Micro et Nanomédecines Biomimétiques, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, France.
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Schutte B, Tinnemans MM, Pijpers GF, Lenders MH, Ramaekers FC. Three parameter flow cytometric analysis for simultaneous detection of cytokeratin, proliferation associated antigens and DNA content. CYTOMETRY 1995; 21:177-86. [PMID: 8582238 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990210210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the cell cycle distributions by univariate flow cytometric DNA measurement has been widely applied in the clinic to determine kinetic parameters of human malignancies. A common problem with measurements of cell cycle phase distributions in tumor biopsy material is the presence of non-malignant diploid cells. Furthermore, such a static measurement might not be accurate enough to describe the dynamic process of cell proliferation. For this purpose alternative methods have been developed to include BrdUrd incorporation or the presence of intrinsic proliferation associated markers such as PCNA or Ki67-Ag into the analysis. However, the presence of nonmalignant diploid cells will influence also these bivariate analyses, especially in case of DNA-diploidy of the tumor cells. Here we present a three parameter flow cytometric assay based on the simultaneous detection of cytokeratin, DNA and a proliferation associated marker, such as BrdUrd, PCNA or Ki67-Ag. Based on the presence of cytokeratin, epithelial cells can be selected for a detailed cell cycle analysis. This method can be applied to frozen tissue, which makes this assay useful for multicentre clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schutte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Limburg, The Netherlands
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