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Sriaishwarya S, Lakshmi BS. RAD23B mediated proteasomal degradation occurs through p38 MAPK/ATF-2/RAD23B axis under nutrient-deprived conditions in breast cancer. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38561940 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer occurs due to interaction of cells with the surrounding tumor microenvironment. In the microenvironment of solid tumors, nutrient deprivation is induced by high consumption of nutrients and insufficient vasculature. Tumor cells alter their metabolic strategies to adapt to the microenvironment. To understand the role of these metabolic changes, in the current study, we have mimicked nutrient deprivation condition in vitro to evaluate the associated signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. In our study, we have shown that nutritional deprivation activated p38 MAPK and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) by increased phosphorylation of Thr180/Tyr182 and Thr71, respectively, in breast cancer cells. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK showed increased cell viability and reduced expression of ATF-2 and RAD23B under nutrient starvation conditions. Further, silencing of ATF-2 showed increased cell viability and decreased expression of RAD23B under nutrient starvation conditions. This suggests the involvement of p38 MAPK/ATF-2/RAD23B axis as a signaling pathway under nutrition starvation in breast cancer cells. The RAD23B mediated proteasome activity was shown to be much higher under stress conditions indicating a crucial role of RAD23B as a target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baddireddi Subhadra Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Centre for Food Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Bai Q, Jin W, Chen F, Zhu J, Cao L, Yang Y, Zhong F, Li L. KLF8 Promotes the Survival of Lung Adenocarcinoma During Nutrient Deprivation by Regulating the Pentose Phosphate Pathway through SIRT2. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2024; 29:27. [PMID: 38287804 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2901027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a critical metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and redox homeostasis. In this study, we investigated a potential regulatory role for Krüppel-like factor 8 (KLF8) in the control of PPP in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. METHODS Based on a comprehensive set of experimental approaches, including cell culture, molecular techniques, and functional assays, we revealed a novel mechanism by which KLF8 promotes the activation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), a component enzyme in the PPP. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that KLF8 inhibits the acetylation of G6PD, leading to its increased enzymatic activity. Additionally, we observed that KLF8 activates the transcription of SIRT2, which has been implicated in regulating G6PD acetylation. These results highlight the interplay between KLF8, G6PD, and protein acetylation in the regulation of PPP in LUAD. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic reprogramming driven by KLF8 in lung cancer provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies targeting the PPP. This study emphasizes the significance of KLF8 as a key modulator of metabolic pathways and indicates the potential of targeting the KLF8-G6PD axis for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Bai
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfang Jin
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Futao Chen
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Lianyungang, 222000 Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Lianyungang, 222000 Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Cao
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Lianyungang, 222000 Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Lianyungang, 222000 Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fukuan Zhong
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Lianyungang, 222000 Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 210000 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Ishtayeh H, Galves M, Barnatan TT, Berdichevsky Y, Amer‐Sarsour F, Pasmanik‐Chor M, Braverman I, Blumen SC, Ashkenazi A. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy mutations link the RNA-binding protein HNRNPQ to autophagosome biogenesis. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13949. [PMID: 37559347 PMCID: PMC10577562 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process with an important role in cellular homeostasis. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein (RBP), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein Q (HNRNPQ)/SYNCRIP is required to stimulate early events in autophagosome biogenesis, in particular the induction of VPS34 kinase by ULK1-mediated beclin 1 phosphorylation. The RBPs HNRNPQ and poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) form a regulatory network that controls the turnover of distinct autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. We also show that oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) mutations engender a switch from autophagosome stimulation to autophagosome inhibition by impairing PABPN1 and HNRNPQ control of the level of ULK1. The overexpression of HNRNPQ in OPMD patient-derived cells rescues the defective autophagy in these cells. Our data reveal a regulatory mechanism of autophagy induction that is compromised by PABPN1 disease mutations, and may thus further contribute to their deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ishtayeh
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Margarita Galves
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Tania T. Barnatan
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Fatima Amer‐Sarsour
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Metsada Pasmanik‐Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, G.S. Wise Faculty of Life ScienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Itzhak Braverman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck SurgeryHillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, TechnionHaifaIsrael
| | - Sergiu C. Blumen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, TechnionHaifaIsrael
- Department of NeurologyHillel Yaffe Medical CenterHaderaIsrael
| | - Avraham Ashkenazi
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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4
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Réthoré E, Ali N, Pluchon S, Hosseini SA. Silicon Enhances Brassica napus Tolerance to Boron Deficiency by the Remobilisation of Boron and by Changing the Expression of Boron Transporters. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2574. [PMID: 37447134 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants, and its deficiency is a widespread nutritional disorder, particularly in high-demanding crops like Brassica napus. Over the past few decades, silicon (Si) has been shown to mitigate plant nutrient deficiencies of different macro- and micro-nutrients. However, the work on B and Si cross-talk has mostly been focused on the alleviation of B toxicity by Si application. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Si application on rapeseed plants grown hydroponically under long-term B deficiency (20 days at 0.1 µM B). In addition, a B-uptake labelling experiment was conducted, and the expression of the genes involved in B uptake were monitored between 2 and 15 days of B shortage. The results showed that Si significantly improved rapeseed plant growth under B deficiency by 34% and 49% in shoots and roots, respectively. It also increased the expression level of BnaNIP5;1 and BOR1;2c in both young leaves and roots. The uptake labelling experiment showed the remobilization of previously fixed 11B from old leaves to new tissues. This study provides additional evidence of the beneficial effects of Si under conditions lacking B by changing the expression of the BnaNIP5;1 gene and by remobilizing 11B to young tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint Malo, France
| | - Nusrat Ali
- Phys-Chem and Bio-Analytics R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint-Malo, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint Malo, France
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Plant Nutrition R&D Department, Centre Mondial de l'Innovation of Roullier Group, 35400 Saint Malo, France
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5
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Demirer GS, Gibson DJ, Yue X, Pan K, Elishav E, Khandal H, Horev G, Tarkowská D, Cantó-Pastor A, Kong S, Manzano C, Maloof JN, Savaldi-Goldstein S, Brady SM. Phosphate deprivation-induced changes in tomato are mediated by an interaction between brassinosteroid signaling and zinc. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37306070 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a necessary macronutrient for basic biological processes. Plants modulate their root system architecture (RSA) and cellular processes to adapt to Pi deprivation albeit with a growth penalty. Excess application of Pi fertilizer, on the contrary, leads to eutrophication and has a negative environmental impact. We compared RSA, root hair elongation, acid phosphatase activity, metal ion accumulation, and brassinosteroid hormone levels of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum pennellii, which is a wild relative of tomato, under Pi sufficiency and deficiency conditions to understand the molecular mechanism of Pi deprivation response in tomato. We showed that S. pennellii is partially insensitive to phosphate deprivation. Furthermore, it mounts a constitutive response under phosphate sufficiency. We demonstrate that activated brassinosteroid signaling through a tomato BZR1 ortholog gives rise to the same constitutive phosphate deficiency response, which is dependent on zinc overaccumulation. Collectively, these results reveal an additional strategy by which plants can adapt to phosphate starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde S Demirer
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Donald J Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Yue
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Kelly Pan
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Eshel Elishav
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hitaishi Khandal
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Guy Horev
- Lorey I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Alex Cantó-Pastor
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shuyao Kong
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Concepcion Manzano
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Julin N Maloof
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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6
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Galves M, Sperber M, Amer-Sarsour F, Elkon R, Ashkenazi A. Transcriptional profiling of the response to starvation and fattening reveals differential regulation of autophagy genes in mammals. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230407. [PMID: 36987635 PMCID: PMC10050925 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient deprivation (starvation) induced by fasting and hypercaloric regimens are stress factors that can influence cell and tissue homeostasis in mammals. One of the key cellular responses to changes in nutrient availability is the cell survival pathway autophagy. While there has been much research into the protein networks regulating autophagy, less is known about the gene expression networks involved in this fundamental process. Here, we applied a network algorithm designed to analyse omics datasets, to identify sub-networks that are enriched for induced genes in response to starvation. This enabled us to identify two prominent active modules, one composed of key stress-induced transcription factors, including members of the Jun, Fos and ATF families, and the other comprising autophagosome sub-network genes, including ULK1. The results were validated in the brain, liver and muscle of fasting mice. Moreover, differential expression analysis of autophagy genes in the brain, liver and muscle of high-fat diet-exposed mice showed significant suppression of GABARAPL1 in the liver. Finally, our data provide a resource that may facilitate the future identification of regulators of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Galves
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Sperber
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Fatima Amer-Sarsour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ran Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avraham Ashkenazi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Lee J, Kim K, Kwon IC, Lee KY. Intracellular Glucose-Depriving Polymer Micelles for Antiglycolytic Cancer Treatment. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2207342. [PMID: 36524460 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new anticancer strategy to exploit abnormal metabolism of cancer cells rather than to merely control the drug release or rearrange the tumor microenvironment is reported. An antiglycolytic amphiphilic polymer, designed considering the unique metabolism of cancer cells (Warburg effect) and aimed at the regulation of glucose metabolism, is synthesized through chemical conjugation between glycol chitosan (GC) and phenylboronic acid (PBA). GC-PBA derivatives form stable micellar structures under physiological conditions and respond to changes in glucose concentration. Once the micelles accumulate at the tumor site, intracellular glucose capture occurs, and the resultant energy deprivation through the inhibition of aerobic glycolysis remarkably suppresses tumor growth without significant side effects in vivo. This strategy highlights the need to develop safe and effective cancer treatment without the use of conventional anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwook Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuen Yong Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Ali B, Gill RA. Editorial: Heavy metal toxicity in plants: Recent insights on physiological and molecular aspects, volume II. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1016257. [PMID: 36340414 PMCID: PMC9634536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1016257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat A. Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Barthet VJA, Mrschtik M, Kania E, McEwan DG, Croft D, O'Prey J, Long JS, Ryan KM. DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 are compensatory regulators of autophagy and cell survival in nutrient-deprived conditions. FEBS J 2022; 289:3752-3769. [PMID: 35060334 PMCID: PMC9544835 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a membrane-trafficking process that delivers cytoplasmic material to lysosomes for degradation. The process preserves cellular integrity by removing damaged cellular constituents and can promote cell survival by providing substrates for energy production during hiatuses of nutrient availability. The process is also highly responsive to other forms of cellular stress. For example, DNA damage can induce autophagy and this involves up-regulation of the Damage-Regulated Autophagy Modulator-1 (DRAM-1) by the tumor suppressor p53. DRAM-1 belongs to an evolutionarily conserved protein family, which has five members in humans and we describe here the initial characterization of two members of this family, which we term DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 for DRAM-Related/Associated Member 4/5. We show that the genes encoding these proteins are not regulated by p53, but instead are induced by nutrient deprivation. Similar to other DRAM family proteins, however, DRAM-4 principally localizes to endosomes and DRAM-5 to the plasma membrane and both modulate autophagy flux when over-expressed. Deletion of DRAM-4 using CRISPR/Cas-9 also increased autophagy flux, but we found that DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 undergo compensatory regulation, such that deletion of DRAM-4 does not affect autophagy flux in the absence of DRAM-5. Similarly, deletion of DRAM-4 also promotes cell survival following growth of cells in the absence of amino acids, serum, or glucose, but this effect is also impacted by the absence of DRAM-5. In summary, DRAM-4 and DRAM-5 are nutrient-responsive members of the DRAM family that exhibit interconnected roles in the regulation of autophagy and cell survival under nutrient-deprived conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin J. A. Barthet
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | | | - Elzbieta Kania
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
| | | | - Dan Croft
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - Kevin M. Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
- Institute of Cancer SciencesUniversity of GlasgowUK
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10
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Grashei M, Biechl P, Schilling F, Otto AM. Conversion of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate in Breast Cancer Cells Depends on Their Malignancy, Metabolic Program and Nutrient Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1845. [PMID: 35406616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technology for characterizing tumors in vivo based on their metabolic activities. The conversion rates (kpl) of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate depend on monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); these are also indicators of tumor malignancy. An unresolved issue is how glucose and glutamine availability in the tumor microenvironment affects metabolic characteristics of the cancer and how this relates to kpl-values. Two breast cancer cells of different malignancy (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) were cultured in media containing defined combinations of low glucose (1 mM; 2.5 mM) and glutamine (0.1 mM; 1 mM) and analyzed for pyruvate uptake, intracellular metabolite levels, LDH and pyruvate kinase activities, and 13C6-glucose-derived metabolomics. The results show variability of kpl with the different glucose/glutamine conditions, congruent with glycolytic activity, but not with LDH activity or the Warburg effect; this suggests metabolic compartmentation. Remarkably, kpl-values were almost two-fold higher in MCF-7 than in the more malignant MDA-MB-231 cells, the latter showing a higher flux of 13C-glucose-derived pyruvate to the TCA-cycle metabolites 13C2-citrate and 13C3-malate, i.e., pyruvate decarboxylation and carboxylation, respectively. Thus, MRS with hyperpolarized [1-13C-pyruvate] is sensitive to both the metabolic program and the nutritional state of cancer cells.
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11
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Gill RA, Kanwar MK, Rodrigues dos Reis A, Ali B. Editorial: Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants: Recent Insights on Physiological and Molecular Aspects. Front Plant Sci 2022; 12:830682. [PMID: 35251066 PMCID: PMC8896650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.830682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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12
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Mondal A, Bhattacharya A, Singh V, Pandita S, Bacolla A, Pandita RK, Tainer JA, Ramos KS, Pandita TK, Das C. Stress Responses as Master Keys to Epigenomic Changes in Transcriptome and Metabolome for Cancer Etiology and Therapeutics. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0048321. [PMID: 34748401 PMCID: PMC8773053 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00483-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From initiation through progression, cancer cells are subjected to a magnitude of endogenous and exogenous stresses, which aid in their neoplastic transformation. Exposure to these classes of stress induces imbalance in cellular homeostasis and, in response, cancer cells employ informative adaptive mechanisms to rebalance biochemical processes that facilitate survival and maintain their existence. Different kinds of stress stimuli trigger epigenetic alterations in cancer cells, which leads to changes in their transcriptome and metabolome, ultimately resulting in suppression of growth inhibition or induction of apoptosis. Whether cancer cells show a protective response to stress or succumb to cell death depends on the type of stress and duration of exposure. A thorough understanding of epigenetic and molecular architecture of cancer cell stress response pathways can unveil a plethora of information required to develop novel anticancer therapeutics. The present view highlights current knowledge about alterations in epigenome and transcriptome of cancer cells as a consequence of exposure to different physicochemical stressful stimuli such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypoxia, radiation, hyperthermia, genotoxic agents, and nutrient deprivation. Currently, an anticancer treatment scenario involving the imposition of stress to target cancer cells is gaining traction to augment or even replace conventional therapeutic regimens. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of stress response pathways is crucial for devising and implementing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Apoorva Bhattacharya
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shruti Pandita
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Raj K. Pandita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John A. Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Ramos
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Chen F, El-Naccache DW, Ponessa JJ, Lemenze A, Espinosa V, Wu W, Lothstein K, Jin L, Antao O, Weinstein JS, Damani-Yokota P, Khanna K, Murray PJ, Rivera A, Siracusa MC, Gause WC. Helminth resistance is mediated by differential activation of recruited monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and arginine depletion. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110215. [PMID: 35021079 PMCID: PMC9403845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are known to mediate anti-helminth responses, but it remains uncertain which subsets are involved or how macrophages actually kill helminths. Here, we show rapid monocyte recruitment to the lung after infection with the nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. In this inflamed tissue microenvironment, these monocytes differentiate into an alveolar macrophage (AM)-like phenotype, expressing both SiglecF and CD11c, surround invading parasitic larvae, and preferentially kill parasites in vitro. Monocyte-derived AMs (Mo-AMs) express type 2-associated markers and show a distinct remodeling of the chromatin landscape relative to tissue-derived AMs (TD-AMs). In particular, they express high amounts of arginase-1 (Arg1), which we demonstrate mediates helminth killing through L-arginine depletion. These studies indicate that recruited monocytes are selectively programmed in the pulmonary environment to express AM markers and an anti-helminth phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Darine W El-Naccache
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John J Ponessa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vanessa Espinosa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Linhua Jin
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia Antao
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Payal Damani-Yokota
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamal Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Pediatrics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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14
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Vultaggio-Poma V, Falzoni S, Chiozzi P, Sarti AC, Adinolfi E, Giuliani AL, Sánchez-Melgar A, Boldrini P, Zanoni M, Tesei A, Pinton P, Di Virgilio F. Extracellular ATP is increased by release of ATP-loaded microparticles triggered by nutrient deprivation. Theranostics 2022; 12:859-874. [PMID: 34976217 PMCID: PMC8692914 DOI: 10.7150/thno.66274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Caloric restriction improves the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. This effect is largely dependent on the increase of the extracellular ATP concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Pathways for ATP release triggered by nutrient deprivation are largely unknown. Methods: The extracellular ATP (eATP) concentration was in vivo measured in the tumor microenvironment of B16F10-inoculated C57Bl/6 mice with the pmeLuc probe. Alternatively, the pmeLuc-TG-mouse was used. Caloric restriction was in vivo induced with hydroxycitrate (HC). B16F10 melanoma cells or CT26 colon carcinoma cells were in vitro exposed to serum starvation to mimic nutrient deprivation. Energy metabolism was monitored by Seahorse. Microparticle release was measured by ultracentrifugation and by Nanosight. Results: Nutrient deprivation increases eATP release despite the dramatic inhibition of intracellular energy synthesis. Under these conditions oxidative phosphorylation was dramatically impaired, mitochondria fragmented and glycolysis and lactic acid release were enhanced. Nutrient deprivation stimulated a P2X7-dependent release of ATP-loaded, mitochondria-containing, microparticles as well as of naked mitochondria. Conclusions: Nutrient deprivation promotes a striking accumulation of eATP paralleled by a large release of ATP-laden microparticles and of naked mitochondria. This is likely to be a main mechanism driving the accumulation of eATP into the TME.
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15
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Pawar M, Pawar V, Renugalakshmi A, Albrakati A, Uthman US, Dewan H, Mugri M, Sayed M, Bhandi S, Patil VR, Reda R, Testarelli L, Patil S. Glucose and Serum Deprivation Led to Altered Proliferation, Differentiation Potential and AMPK Activation in Stem Cells from Human Deciduous Tooth. J Pers Med 2021; 12:18. [PMID: 35055333 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an evolving treatment strategy in regenerative medicine. Recent studies report stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth could complement the traditional mesenchymal stem cell sources. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth exhibit mesenchymal characteristics with multilineage differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells are widely investigated for cell therapy and disease modeling. Although many research are being conducted to address the challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in clinics, most of the studies are still in infancy. Host cell microenvironment is one of the major factors affecting the homing of transplanted stem cell and understanding the factors affecting the fate of stem cells of prime important. In this study we aimed to understand the effects of serum deprivation in stem cells derived from human deciduous tooth. Our study aimed to understand the morphological, transcriptional, cell cycle and stemness based changes of stem cells in nutrient deprived medium. Our results suggest that stem cells in nutrient deprived media undergo low proliferation, high apoptosis and changed the differentiation potential of the stem cells. Serum deprived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited enhanced chondrogenic differentiation potential and reduced osteogenic differentiation potential. Moreover, the activation of key metabolic sensor AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) leads to activation of transcription factors such as FOXO3, which leads to an S phase quiescence. Serum deprivation also enhanced the expression of stemness related genes Sox2 and c-Myc.
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16
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Zhan Q, Jeon J, Li Y, Huang Y, Xiong J, Wang Q, Xu TL, Li Y, Ji FH, Du G, Zhu MX. CAMK2/CaMKII activates MLKL in short-term starvation to facilitate autophagic flux. Autophagy 2021; 18:726-744. [PMID: 34282994 PMCID: PMC9037428 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1954348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MLKL (mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase) is a well-known core component of necrosome that executes necroptotic cell death upon phosphorylation by RIPK3 (receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3). Recent studies also implicate a role of MLKL in endosomal trafficking, which is not always dependent on RIPK3. Using mouse Neuro-2a and L929 as well as human HEK293 and HT29 cells, we show here that MLKL is phosphorylated in response to serum and amino acid deprivation from the culture medium, in a manner that depends on CAMK2/CaMKII (calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II) but not RIPK3. The starvation-induced increase in MLKL phosphorylation was accompanied by decreases in levels of lipidated MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LC3-II) and SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), markers of autophagosomes. These changes were prevented by disrupting either MLKL or CAMK2 by pharmacology and genetic manipulations. Moreover, disrupting MLKL or CAMK2 also inhibited the incorporation of LC3-II into autolysosomes, demonstrating a role of the CAMK2-MLKL pathway in facilitating autophagic flux during short-term starvation, in contrast to necroptosis which suppressed autophagic flux. Furthermore, unlike the necroptotic pathway, the starvation-evoked CAMK2-mediated MLKL phosphorylation protected cells from starvation-induced death. We propose that upon nutrient deprivation, MLKL is activated by CAMK2, which in turn facilitates membrane scission needed for autophagosome maturation, allowing the proper fusion of the autophagosome with lysosome and the subsequent substance degradation. This novel function is independent of RIPK3 and is not involved in necroptosis, implicating new roles for this pseudokinase in cell survival, signaling and metabolism. Abbreviations: CAMK2/CaMKII: calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II; DIABLO/SMAC: direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI/second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase; ECS: extracellular solution; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GSK3B: glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; HBSS: Hanks’ balanced salt solution; KO: knockout; LC3-II: lipidated microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; N2a: Neuro-2a neuroblastoma; Nec-1: necrostatin-1; NSA: necrosulfonamide; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PI: propidium iodide; PK-hLC3: pHluorin-mKate2-human LC3; RIPK1: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1; RIPK3: receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 3; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6KB1/S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siRNA: small interference RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; TNF/TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor; TSZ, treatment with TNF + DIABLO mimetics + z-VAD-FMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghui Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaepyo Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tian-Le Xu
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangwei Du
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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He J, Liu C, Du M, Zhou X, Hu Z, Lei A, Wang J. Metabolic Responses of a Model Green Microalga Euglena gracilis to Different Environmental Stresses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:662655. [PMID: 34354984 PMCID: PMC8329484 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.662655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Euglena gracilis, a green microalga known as a potential candidate for jet fuel producers and new functional food resources, is highly tolerant to antibiotics, heavy metals, and other environmental stresses. Its cells contain many high-value products, including vitamins, amino acids, pigments, unsaturated fatty acids, and carbohydrate paramylon as metabolites, which change contents in response to various extracellular environments. However, mechanism insights into the cellular metabolic response of Euglena to different toxic chemicals and adverse environmental stresses were very limited. We extensively investigated the changes of cell biomass, pigments, lipids, and paramylon of E. gracilis under several environmental stresses, such as heavy metal CdCl2, antibiotics paromomycin, and nutrient deprivation. In addition, global metabolomics by Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was applied to study other metabolites and potential regulatory mechanisms behind the differential accumulation of major high-valued metabolites. This study collects a comprehensive update on the biology of E. gracilis for various metabolic responses to stress conditions, and it will be of great value for Euglena cultivation and high-value [154mm][10mm]Q7metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - ChenChen Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengzhe Du
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiyi Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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18
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Yurube T, Hirata H, Ito M, Terashima Y, Kakiuchi Y, Kuroda R, Kakutani K. Involvement of Autophagy in Rat Tail Static Compression-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Notochordal Cell Disappearance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5648. [PMID: 34073333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular low-nutrient organ in the body. Thus, resident cells may utilize autophagy, a stress-response survival mechanism, by self-digesting and recycling damaged components. Our objective was to elucidate the involvement of autophagy in rat experimental disc degeneration. In vitro, the comparison between human and rat disc nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells found increased autophagic flux under serum deprivation rather in humans than in rats and in NP cells than in AF cells of rats (n = 6). In vivo, time-course Western blotting showed more distinct basal autophagy in rat tail disc NP tissues than in AF tissues; however, both decreased under sustained static compression (n = 24). Then, immunohistochemistry displayed abundant autophagy-related protein expression in large vacuolated disc NP notochordal cells of sham rats. Under temporary static compression (n = 18), multi-color immunofluorescence further identified rapidly decreased brachyury-positive notochordal cells with robust expression of autophagic microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and transiently increased brachyury-negative non-notochordal cells with weaker LC3 expression. Notably, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive apoptotic death was predominant in brachyury-negative non-notochordal cells. Based on the observed notochordal cell autophagy impairment and non-notochordal cell apoptosis induction under unphysiological mechanical loading, further investigation is warranted to clarify possible autophagy-induced protection against notochordal cell disappearance, the earliest sign of disc degeneration, through limiting apoptosis.
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19
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Abstract
MOAP1 (modulator of apoptosis 1) is a BAX-binding protein tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Apoptotic stimuli stabilize MOAP1 protein and facilitate its interaction with BAX to promote apoptosis. Here we show that in contrast to being resistant to apoptotic stimuli, MOAP1-deficient cells are hypersensitive to cell death mediated by starvation rendered by EBSS treatment. MOAP1-deficient cells exhibited impairment in macroautophagy/autophagy signaling induced by EBSS. Mechanistic analysis revealed that MOAP1-deficient cells had no notable defect in the recruitment of the pre-autophagosomal phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P)-binding proteins, ZFYVE1/DFCP1 and WIPI2, nor in the LC3 lipidation mechanism regulated by the ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex upon EBSS treatment. Interestingly, MOAP1 is required for facilitating efficient closure of phagophore in the EBSS-treated cells. Analysis of LC3-positive membrane structures using Halo-tagged LC3 autophagosome completion assay showed that predominantly unclosed phagophore rather than closed autophagosome was present in the EBSS-treated MOAP1-deficient cells. The autophagy substrate SQSTM1/p62, which is normally contained within the enclosed autophagosome under EBSS condition, was also highly sensitive to degradation by proteinase K in the absence of MOAP1. MOAP1 binds LC3 and the binding is critically dependent on a LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif detected at its N-terminal region. Re-expression of MOAP1, but not its LC3-binding defective mutant, MOAP1-LIR, in the MOAP1-deficient cells, restored EBSS-induced autophagy. Together, these observations suggest that MOAP1 serves a distinct role in facilitating autophagy through interacting with LC3 to promote efficient phagophore closure during starvation.Abbreviations CQ: Chloroquine; EBSS: Earle's Balanced Salt Solution; GABARAP: Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid Receptor Associated Protein; IF: Immunofluorescence; IP: Immunoprecipitation; LAMP1: Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 1; LIR: LC3-Interacting Region; MAP1LC3/LC3: Microtubule Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3; MEF: Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast; MOAP1: Modulator of Apoptosis 1; PE: Phosphatidylethanolamine; PtdIns3K: class III PtdIns3K complex I; PtdIns3P: Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; STX17: Syntaxin 17; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chun Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ran N Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong Teik Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ya Jun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor C Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Tsai PY, Lee MS, Jadhav U, Naqvi I, Madha S, Adler A, Mistry M, Naumenko S, Lewis CA, Hitchcock DS, Roberts FR, DelNero P, Hank T, Honselmann KC, Morales Oyarvide V, Mino-Kenudson M, Clish CB, Shivdasani RA, Kalaany NY. Adaptation of pancreatic cancer cells to nutrient deprivation is reversible and requires glutamine synthetase stabilization by mTORC1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2003014118. [PMID: 33653947 PMCID: PMC7958225 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003014118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal, therapy-resistant cancer that thrives in a highly desmoplastic, nutrient-deprived microenvironment. Several studies investigated the effects of depriving PDA of either glucose or glutamine alone. However, the consequences on PDA growth and metabolism of limiting both preferred nutrients have remained largely unknown. Here, we report the selection for clonal human PDA cells that survive and adapt to limiting levels of both glucose and glutamine. We find that adapted clones exhibit increased growth in vitro and enhanced tumor-forming capacity in vivo. Mechanistically, adapted clones share common transcriptional and metabolic programs, including amino acid use for de novo glutamine and nucleotide synthesis. They also display enhanced mTORC1 activity that prevents the proteasomal degradation of glutamine synthetase (GS), the rate-limiting enzyme for glutamine synthesis. This phenotype is notably reversible, with PDA cells acquiring alterations in open chromatin upon adaptation. Silencing of GS suppresses the enhanced growth of adapted cells and mitigates tumor growth. These findings identify nongenetic adaptations to nutrient deprivation in PDA and highlight GS as a dependency that could be targeted therapeutically in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yun Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Min-Sik Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Unmesh Jadhav
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Insia Naqvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Shariq Madha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ashley Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Meeta Mistry
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sergey Naumenko
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Metabolite Profiling Core Facility, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Daniel S Hitchcock
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | | | - Peter DelNero
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Thomas Hank
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Kim C Honselmann
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Ramesh A Shivdasani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nada Y Kalaany
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
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21
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Springer MZ, Poole LP, Drake LE, Bock-Hughes A, Boland ML, Smith AG, Hart J, Chourasia AH, Liu I, Bozek G, Macleod KF. BNIP3-dependent mitophagy promotes cytosolic localization of LC3B and metabolic homeostasis in the liver. Autophagy 2021; 17:3530-3546. [PMID: 33459136 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1877469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy formed the basis of the original description of autophagy by Christian de Duve when he demonstrated that GCG (glucagon) induced macroautophagic/autophagic turnover of mitochondria in the liver. However, the molecular basis of liver-specific activation of mitophagy by GCG, or its significance for metabolic stress responses in the liver is not understood. Here we show that BNIP3 is required for GCG-induced mitophagy in the liver through interaction with processed LC3B; an interaction that is also necessary to localize LC3B out of the nucleus to cytosolic mitophagosomes in response to nutrient deprivation. Loss of BNIP3-dependent mitophagy caused excess mitochondria to accumulate in the liver, disrupting metabolic zonation within the liver parenchyma, with expansion of zone 1 metabolism at the expense of zone 3 metabolism. These results identify BNIP3 as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis in the liver through its effect on mitophagy and mitochondrial mass distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Z Springer
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Logan P Poole
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lauren E Drake
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Althea Bock-Hughes
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle L Boland
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexandra G Smith
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Aparajita H Chourasia
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivan Liu
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grazyna Bozek
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kay F Macleod
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The Gordon Center for Integrative Sciences, W-338 the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Bunker S, Pandey J. Educational Case: Understanding Kwashiorkor and Marasmus: Disease Mechanisms and Pathologic Consequences. Acad Pathol 2021; 8:23742895211037027. [PMID: 34458565 PMCID: PMC8392804 DOI: 10.1177/23742895211037027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, seehttp://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bunker
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Jyotsna Pandey
- Central Michigan University College of Medicine, East Campus Drive, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
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23
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Otto AM. Metabolic Constants and Plasticity of Cancer Cells in a Limiting Glucose and Glutamine Microenvironment-A Pyruvate Perspective. Front Oncol 2020; 10:596197. [PMID: 33425750 PMCID: PMC7793857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.596197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of cancer cells is an issue of dealing with fluctuating and limiting levels of nutrients in a precarious microenvironment to ensure their vitality and propagation. Glucose and glutamine are central metabolites for catabolic and anabolic metabolism, which is in the limelight of numerous diagnostic methods and therapeutic targeting. Understanding tumor metabolism in conditions of nutrient depletion is important for such applications and for interpreting the readouts. To exemplify the metabolic network of tumor cells in a model system, the fate 13C6-glucose was tracked in a breast cancer cell line growing in variable low glucose/low glutamine conditions. 13C-glucose-derived metabolites allowed to deduce the engagement of metabolic pathways, namely glycolysis, the TCA-cycle including glutamine and pyruvate anaplerosis, amino acid synthesis (serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate), gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate replenishment. While the metabolic program did not change, limiting glucose and glutamine supply reduced cellular metabolite levels and enhanced pyruvate recycling as well as pyruvate carboxylation for entry into the TCA-cycle. Otherwise, the same metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis, were similarly engaged with physiologically saturating as with limiting glucose and glutamine. Therefore, the metabolic plasticity in precarious nutritional microenvironment does not require metabolic reprogramming, but is based on dynamic changes in metabolite quantity, reaction rates, and directions of the existing metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Otto
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
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24
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Amraei R, Alwani T, Ho RXY, Aryan Z, Wang S, Rahimi N. Cell adhesion molecule IGPR-1 activates AMPK connecting cell adhesion to autophagy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16691-16699. [PMID: 32978258 PMCID: PMC7864065 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays critical roles in the maintenance of endothelial cells in response to cellular stress caused by blood flow. There is growing evidence that both cell adhesion and cell detachment can modulate autophagy, but the mechanisms responsible for this regulation remain unclear. Immunoglobulin and proline-rich receptor-1 (IGPR-1) is a cell adhesion molecule that regulates angiogenesis and endothelial barrier function. In this study, using various biochemical and cellular assays, we demonstrate that IGPR-1 is activated by autophagy-inducing stimuli, such as amino acid starvation, nutrient deprivation, rapamycin, and lipopolysaccharide. Manipulating the IκB kinase β activity coupled with in vivo and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that IκB kinase β is a key serine/threonine kinase activated by autophagy stimuli and that it catalyzes phosphorylation of IGPR-1 at Ser220 The subsequent activation of IGPR-1, in turn, stimulates phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which leads to phosphorylation of the major pro-autophagy proteins ULK1 and Beclin-1 (BECN1), increased LC3-II levels, and accumulation of LC3 punctum. Thus, our data demonstrate that IGPR-1 is activated by autophagy-inducing stimuli and in response regulates autophagy, connecting cell adhesion to autophagy. These findings may have important significance for autophagy-driven pathologies such cardiovascular diseases and cancer and suggest that IGPR-1 may serve as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Amraei
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tooba Alwani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Xi-Yeen Ho
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zahra Aryan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nader Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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25
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Sahu PK, Singh S, Gupta A, Singh UB, Paul S, Paul D, Kuppusamy P, Singh HV, Saxena AK. A Simplified Protocol for Reversing Phenotypic Conversion of Ralstonia solanacearum during Experimentation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17124274. [PMID: 32549351 PMCID: PMC7344456 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ralstonia solanacearum has the problem of losing the virulence in laboratory conditions, during prolonged experimentation. Since pure colonies of R. solanacearum contain cell fractions differing in virulence, it was considered worthwhile to find a way of selecting the cells with lower attenuation. Therefore, a methodology for inducing virulent-type colonies occurrence in Ralstonia solanacearum was developed. METHODS Nutrient gradient was created by swabbing R. solanacearum culture in a slanted KMTTC medium, and Phyllanthus emblica extract was given by well diffusion. Live-dead cell imaging using BacLight, effects of ascorbic acid on cell viability, and production of virulence factors (exopolysaccharides, cellulase, and pectinase) supported this hypothesis. The tagging of R. solanacearum with green fluorescent protein and further confocal scanning laser microscopic visualization confirmed the colonization in vascular bundles of tomato. RESULTS P. emblica extract suppressed R. solanacearum initially in well diffusion, but further developed virulent-type colonies around the wells. Nutrient deprivation was found to have synergistic effects with P. emblica extract. The converted fluidal (virulent type) colonies could be able to colonize vascular bundles and cause wilting symptoms. CONCLUSION This method will be useful in the laboratories working on biocontrol of R. solanacearum for maintaining virulent-type colonies. Moreover, it could form the basis for studies on the stability of phenotypic conversion and cell fractions in R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Sahu
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
- Corresponding author:
| | - Shailendra Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Amrita Gupta
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Udai B. Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Surinder Paul
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Diby Paul
- Pilgram Marpeck School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Truett McConnel University, 100 Alumni Dr. Cleveland, GA 30528, USA;
| | - Pandiyan Kuppusamy
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Ginning Training Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440023, India;
| | - Harsh V. Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan UP-275103, India; (S.S.); (A.G.); (U.B.S.); (S.P.); (H.V.S.); (A.K.S.)
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26
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Alexander BE, Sun S, Palframan MJ, Kociok‐Köhn G, Dibwe DF, Watanabe S, Caggiano L, Awale S, Lewis SE. Sidechain Diversification of Grandifloracin Allows Identification of Analogues with Enhanced Anti-Austerity Activity against Human PANC-1 Pancreatic Cancer Cells. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:125-135. [PMID: 31821731 PMCID: PMC7003952 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The natural product (+)-grandifloracin is a potent "anti-austerity" agent, able to suppress the ability of various pancreatic cancer cell lines to tolerate conditions of nutrient deprivation. Such anti-austerity agents represent a promising approach to cancer chemotherapy. Here we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of racemic analogues of grandifloracin bearing diverse sidechains, of which two show enhanced potency in comparison with the natural product. Additionally, several unexpected by-products containing modifications of the grandifloracin core were isolated, identified and similarly evaluated for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sijia Sun
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
| | | | - Gabriele Kociok‐Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC)University of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
| | - Lorenzo Caggiano
- Department of Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of BathBathBA2 7AYUK
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama2630 SugitaniToyama930-0194Japan
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27
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Kokabi K, Gorelova O, Zorin B, Didi-Cohen S, Itkin M, Malitsky S, Solovchenko A, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I. Lipidome Remodeling and Autophagic Respose in the Arachidonic-Acid-Rich Microalga Lobosphaera incisa Under Nitrogen and Phosphorous Deprivation. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:614846. [PMID: 33329680 PMCID: PMC7728692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The green microalga Lobosphaera incisa accumulates triacylglycerols (TAGs) with exceptionally high levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA) under nitrogen (N) deprivation. Phosphorous (P) deprivation induces milder changes in fatty acid composition, cell ultrastructure, and growth performance. We hypothesized that the resource-demanding biosynthesis and sequestration of ARA-rich TAG in lipid droplets (LDs) are associated with the enhancement of catabolic processes, including membrane lipid turnover and autophagic activity. Although this work focuses mainly on N deprivation, a comparative analysis of N and P deprivation responses is included. The results of lipidomic profiling showed a differential impact of N and P deprivation on the reorganization of glycerolipids. The formation of TAG under N deprivation was associated with the enhanced breakdown of chloroplast glycerolipids and the formation of lyso-lipids. N-deprived cells displayed a profound reorganization of cell ultrastructure, including internalization of cellular material into autophagic vacuoles, concomitant with the formation of LDs, while P-deprived cells showed better cellular ultrastructural integrity. The expression of the hallmark autophagy protein ATG8 and the major lipid droplet protein (MLDP) genes were coordinately upregulated, but to different extents under either N or P deprivation. The expression of the Δ5-desaturase gene, involved in the final step of ARA biosynthesis, was coordinated with ATG8 and MLDP, exclusively under N deprivation. Concanamycin A, the inhibitor of vacuolar proteolysis and autophagic flux, suppressed growth and enhanced levels of ATG8 and TAG in N-replete cells. The proportions of ARA in TAG decreased with a concomitant increase in oleic acid under both N-replete and N-deprived conditions. The photosynthetic apparatus's recovery from N deprivation was impaired in the presence of the inhibitor, along with the delayed LD degradation. The GFP-ATG8 processing assay showed the release of free GFP in N-replete and N-deprived cells, supporting the existence of autophagic flux. This study provides the first insight into the homeostatic role of autophagy in L. incisa and points to a possible metabolic link between autophagy and ARA-rich TAG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilya Kokabi
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Olga Gorelova
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Zorin
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Shoshana Didi-Cohen
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Maxim Itkin
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sergey Malitsky
- Metabolic Profiling Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexei Solovchenko
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov, Russia
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sammy Boussiba
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Goldberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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28
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Khan F, Hussain S, Khan S, Geng M. Seed Priming Improved Antioxidant Defense System and Alleviated Ni-Induced Adversities in Rice Seedlings Under N, P, or K Deprivation. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:565647. [PMID: 33013986 PMCID: PMC7509405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.565647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Excess nickel (Ni) concentration in the growing medium severely hampers the plant growth by disturbing oxidative metabolism and nutrient status. The present study was carried out to investigate the individual and interactive effects of Ni toxicity (0.25 mM NiSO4.6H2O) and nutrient deprivation (no-N, no-P, or no-K) on growth, oxidative metabolism, and nutrient uptake in primed and non-primed rice seedlings. Rice seed was primed with distilled water (hydropriming), selenium (5 mg L-1), or salicylic acid (100 mg L-1). The Ni toxicity and deprivation of N, P, or K posed negative effects on the establishment of rice seedlings. The shoot length and fresh biomass were severely reduced by Ni toxicity and nutrient stresses; the minimum shoot growth was recorded for rice seedlings grown under Ni toxicity and no-N stress. The Ni toxicity reduced the root fresh biomass but did not significantly affect the root length of N-deprived seedlings. The rice seedlings with no-P or no-K recorded similar root fresh biomass compared with those grown with sufficient nutrient supply. The Ni toxicity alone or in combination with nutrient stresses triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caused lipid peroxidation in rice seedlings. Among antioxidants, only glutathione reductase and vitamin E were significantly increased by Ni toxicity under different nutrient stress treatments. The Ni toxicity also reduced the concentrations of N particularly in shoot of rice seedlings. The N-deprived (no-N) seedlings recorded maximum Ni concentration in shoot, while K-deprived (no-K) seedlings showed higher Ni concentrations in root. Seed priming with selenium or salicylic acid was effective to alleviate the detrimental effects of Ni toxicity and/or nutrient stresses on rice seedlings. The better growth and greater stress tolerance of primed seedlings was coordinately attributed to lower ROS production, higher membrane stability, strong antioxidative defense system, and maintenance of mineral nutrient status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mingjian Geng
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Mingjian Geng,
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29
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Lin WC, Chakraborty A, Huang SC, Wang PY, Hsieh YJ, Chien KY, Lee YH, Chang CC, Tang HY, Lin YT, Tung CS, Luo JD, Chen TW, Lin TY, Cheng ML, Chen YT, Yeh CT, Liu JL, Sung LY, Shiao MS, Yu JS, Chang YS, Pai LM. Histidine-Dependent Protein Methylation Is Required for Compartmentalization of CTP Synthase. Cell Rep 2019; 24:2733-2745.e7. [PMID: 30184506 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CTP synthase (CTPS) forms compartmentalized filaments in response to substrate availability and environmental nutrient status. However, the physiological role of filaments and mechanisms for filament assembly are not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that CTPS forms filaments in response to histidine influx during glutamine starvation. Tetramer conformation-based filament formation restricts CTPS enzymatic activity during nutrient deprivation. CTPS protein levels remain stable in the presence of histidine during nutrient deprivation, followed by rapid cell growth after stress relief. We demonstrate that filament formation is controlled by methylation and that histidine promotes re-methylation of homocysteine by donating one-carbon intermediates to the cytosolic folate cycle. Furthermore, we find that starvation stress and glutamine deficiency activate the GCN2/ATF4/MTHFD2 axis, which coordinates CTPS filament formation. CTPS filament formation induced by histidine-mediated methylation may be a strategy used by cancer cells to maintain homeostasis and ensure a growth advantage in adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Archan Chakraborty
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Huang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ju Hsieh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shung Tung
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Bioinformatics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Li-Ying Sung
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shi Shiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Li-Mei Pai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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30
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Gkiouli M, Biechl P, Eisenreich W, Otto AM. Diverse Roads Taken by 13C-Glucose-Derived Metabolites in Breast Cancer Cells Exposed to Limiting Glucose and Glutamine Conditions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101113. [PMID: 31547005 PMCID: PMC6829299 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancers, tumor cells are exposed to fluctuating nutrient microenvironments with limiting supplies of glucose and glutamine. While the metabolic program has been related to the expression of oncogenes, only fractional information is available on how variable precarious nutrient concentrations modulate the cellular levels of metabolites and their metabolic pathways. We thus sought to obtain an overview of the metabolic routes taken by 13C-glucose-derived metabolites in breast cancer MCF-7 cells growing in combinations of limiting glucose and glutamine concentrations. Isotopologue profiles of key metabolites were obtained by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). They revealed that in limiting and standard saturating medium conditions, the same metabolic routes were engaged, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, as well as the TCA cycle with glutamine and pyruvate anaplerosis. However, the cellular levels of 13C-metabolites, for example, serine, alanine, glutamate, malate, and aspartate, were highly sensitive to the available concentrations and the ratios of glucose and glutamine. Notably, intracellular lactate concentrations did not reflect the Warburg effect. Also, isotopologue profiles of 13C-serine as well as 13C-alanine show that the same glucose-derived metabolites are involved in gluconeogenesis and pyruvate replenishment. Thus, anaplerosis and the bidirectional flow of central metabolic pathways ensure metabolic plasticity for adjusting to precarious nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gkiouli
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Philipp Biechl
- Munich School of BioEngineering, and Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Angela M Otto
- Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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31
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Kwong SC, Jamil AHA, Rhodes A, Taib NA, Chung I. Metabolic role of fatty acid binding protein 7 in mediating triple-negative breast cancer cell death via PPAR-α signaling. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1807-1817. [PMID: 31484694 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, partly due to the lack of targeted therapy available. Cancer cells heavily reprogram their metabolism and acquire metabolic plasticity to satisfy the high-energy demand due to uncontrolled proliferation. Accumulating evidence shows that deregulated lipid metabolism affects cancer cell survival, and therefore we sought to understand the function of fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7), which is expressed predominantly in TNBC tissues. As FABP7 was not detected in the TNBC cell lines tested, Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 cells were transduced with lentiviral particles containing either FABP7 open reading frame or red fluorescent protein. During serum starvation, when lipids were significantly reduced, FABP7 decreased the viability of Hs578T, but not of MDA-MB-231, cells. FABP7-overexpressing Hs578T (Hs-FABP7) cells failed to efficiently utilize other available bioenergetic substrates such as glucose to sustain ATP production, which led to S/G2 phase arrest and cell death. We further showed that this metabolic phenotype was mediated by PPAR-α signaling, despite the lack of fatty acids in culture media, as Hs-FABP7 cells attempted to survive. This study provides imperative evidence of metabolic vulnerabilities driven by FABP7 via PPAR-α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soke Chee Kwong
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anthony Rhodes
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Taib
- Surgery Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ivy Chung
- Departments of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .,University of Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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32
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Dreis C, Ottenlinger FM, Putyrski M, Ernst A, Huhn M, Schmidt KG, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Tissue Cytokine IL-33 Modulates the Cytotoxic CD8 T Lymphocyte Activity During Nutrient Deprivation by Regulation of Lineage-Specific Differentiation Programs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1698. [PMID: 31396219 PMCID: PMC6667839 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1 family member IL-33 exerts a variety of immune activating and regulating properties and has recently been proposed as a prognostic biomarker for cancer diseases, although its precise role in tumor immunity is unclear. Here we analyzed in vitro conditions influencing the function of IL-33 as an alarmin and a co-factor for the activity of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in order to explain the widely discussed promiscuous behavior of IL-33 in vivo. Circulating IL-33 detected in the serum of healthy human volunteers was biologically inactive. Additionally, bioactivity of exogenous recombinant IL-33 was significantly reduced in plasma, suggesting local effects of IL-33, and inactivation in blood. Limited availability of nutrients in tissue causes necrosis and thus favors release of IL-33, which—as described before—leads to a locally high expression of the cytokine. The harsh conditions however influence T cell fitness and their responsiveness to stimuli. Nutrient deprivation and pharmacological inhibition of mTOR mediated a distinctive phenotype characterized by expression of IL-33 receptor ST2L on isolated CD8+ T cells, downregulation of CD8, a transitional CD45RAlowROlow phenotype and high expression of secondary lymphoid organ chemokine receptor CCR7. Under nutrient deprivation, IL-33 inhibited an IL-12 induced increase in granzyme B protein expression and increased expression of GATA3 and FOXP3 mRNA. IL-33 enhanced the TCR-dependent activation of CD8+ T cells and co-stimulated the IL-12/TCR-dependent expression of IFNγ. Respectively, GATA3 and FOXP3 mRNA were not regulated during TCR-dependent activation. TCR-dependent stimulation of PBMC, but not LPS, initiated mRNA expression of soluble IL-33 decoy receptor sST2, a control mechanism limiting IL-33 bioactivity to avoid uncontrolled inflammation. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the compartment-specific activity of IL-33. Furthermore, we newly describe conditions, which promote an IL-33-dependent induction of pro- or anti-inflammatory activity in CD8+ T cells during nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dreis
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian M Ottenlinger
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mateusz Putyrski
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Meik Huhn
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin G Schmidt
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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33
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Sun S, Fan Z, Zhao Y, Guo L, Dai Y. A Novel Nutrient Deprivation-Induced Neonicotinoid Insecticide Acetamiprid Degradation by Ensifer adhaerens CGMCC 6315. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:63-71. [PMID: 30576131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of pesticide pollution is often restricted by environmental pressures, such as nutrient deprivation. Ensifer adhaerens CGMCC 6315 could overcome this issue and degrade neonicotinoid acetamiprid (ACE) efficiently under low nutrient stimuli. The ACE degradation rate improved by 33.1-fold when the lysogeny broth content for cell culture was decreased to 1/15-fold. Resting cells of CGMCC 6315 degraded 94.4% of 200 mg/L ACE in 12 h and quickly eliminated 87.8% of 5 mg/kg of residual soil ACE within 2 d. ACE degradation by CGMCC 6315 was via a nitrile hydratase (NHase) pathway. Genome sequencing showed that CGMCC 6315 had two NHase genes ( cnhA and pnhA). PnhA had the highest reported activity of 28.8 U/mg for ACE. QPCR and proteomic analysis showed that the improved ACE degradation ability was attributed to the up-regulated expression of PnhA. This biodegradation system of CGMCC 6315 has great potential for use in pesticide pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixia Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Boulay K, Topisirovic I, Mallette FA. Translation Links Nutrient Availability with Inflammation. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:849-52. [PMID: 30224182 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Translation plays a crucial role in shaping the proteome during adaptation to various types of stress. A recent study by Gameiro and Struhl identified an inflammatory response which comprises coordination of transcriptional and translational programs, and which appears to be required for recovery from nutrient deprivation.
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Abstract
The mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulate cell survival and metabolism in response to diverse stimuli such as variations in amino acid content, changes in cellular bioenergetics, oxygen levels, neurotrophic factors and xenobiotics. This Opinion paper aims to discuss the current state of knowledge regarding how mTOR and AMPK regulate the metabolism and survival of brain cells and the close interrelationship between both signaling cascades. It is now clear that both mTOR and AMPK pathways regulate cellular homeostasis at multiple levels. Studies so far demonstrate that dysregulation in these two pathways is associated with neuronal injury, degeneration and neurotoxicity, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Most of the work so far has been focused on their antagonistic regulation of autophagy, but recent findings highlight that changes in protein synthesis, metabolism and mitochondrial function are likely to play a role in the regulatory effects of both mTOR and AMPK on neuronal health. Understanding the role and relationship between these two master regulators of cell metabolism is crucial for future therapeutic approaches to counteract alterations in cell metabolism and survival in brain injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- Redox Biology Center. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583.,Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México 04510
| | - Annika Schroder
- Redox Biology Center. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Elsa M Reyes-Reyes
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
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36
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells. It is deputed to lipid and protein biosynthesis, calcium storage, and the detoxification of various exogenous and endogenous harmful compounds. ER activity and size must be adapted rapidly to environmental and developmental conditions or biosynthetic demand. This is achieved on induction of thoroughly studied transcriptional/translational programs defined as "unfolded protein responses" that increase the ER volume and the expression of ER-resident proteins regulating the numerous ER functions. Less understood are the lysosomal catabolic processes that maintain ER size at steady state, that prevent excessive ER expansion during ER stresses, or that ensure return to physiologic ER size during recovery from ER stresses. These catabolic processes may also be activated to remove ER subdomains where proteasome-resistant misfolded proteins or damaged lipids have been segregated. Insights into these catabolic mechanisms have only recently emerged with the identification of so-called ER-phagy receptors, which label specific ER subdomains for selective lysosomal delivery for clearance. Here, in eight chapters and one addendum, we comment on recent advances in ER turnover pathways induced by ER stress, nutrient deprivation, misfolded proteins, and live bacteria. We highlight the role of yeast (Atg39 and Atg40) and mammalian (FAM134B, SEC62, RTN3, and CCPG1) ER-phagy receptors and of autophagy genes in selective and non-selective catabolic processes that regulate cellular proteostasis by controlling ER size, turnover, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fregno
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via V. Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Via G. Buffi, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via V. Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, EPFL Station 19, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Webster CM, Pino EC, Carr CE, Wu L, Zhou B, Cedillo L, Kacergis MC, Curran SP, Soukas AA. Genome-wide RNAi Screen for Fat Regulatory Genes in C. elegans Identifies a Proteostasis-AMPK Axis Critical for Starvation Survival. Cell Rep 2018; 20:627-640. [PMID: 28723566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms must execute metabolic defenses to survive nutrient deprivation. We performed a genome-wide RNAi screen in Caenorhabditis elegans to identify fat regulatory genes indispensable for starvation resistance. Here, we show that opposing proteostasis pathways are principal determinants of starvation survival. Reduced function of cytoplasmic aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (ARS genes) increases fat mass and extends starvation survival, whereas reduced proteasomal function reduces fat and starvation survival. These opposing pathways converge on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as the critical effector of starvation defenses. Extended starvation survival in ARS deficiency is dependent upon increased proteasome-mediated activation of AMPK. When the proteasome is inhibited, neither starvation nor ARS deficiency can fully activate AMPK, leading to greatly diminished starvation survival. Thus, activity of the proteasome and AMPK are mechanistically linked and highly correlated with starvation resistance. Conversely, aberrant activation of the proteostasis-AMPK axis during nutritional excess may have implications for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Webster
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Pino
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christopher E Carr
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lianfeng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ben Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lucydalila Cedillo
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael C Kacergis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sean P Curran
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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38
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Zullo A, Simone E, Grimaldi M, Musto V, Mancini FP. Sirtuins as Mediator of the Anti-Ageing Effects of Calorie Restriction in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E928. [PMID: 29561771 PMCID: PMC5979282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fighting diseases and controlling the signs of ageing are the major goals of biomedicine. Sirtuins, enzymes with mainly deacetylating activity, could be pivotal targets of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to reach such aims. Scientific proofs are accumulating in experimental models, but, to a minor extent, also in humans, that the ancient practice of calorie restriction could prove an effective way to prevent several degenerative diseases and to postpone the detrimental signs of ageing. In the present review, we summarize the evidence about the central role of sirtuins in mediating the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in skeletal and cardiac muscle since these tissues are greatly damaged by diseases and advancing years. Moreover, we entertain the possibility that the identification of sirtuin activators that mimic calorie restriction could provide the benefits without the inconvenience of this dietary style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.ar.l., 80145 Naples, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Simone
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Grimaldi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité University Hospital, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vincenzina Musto
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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39
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Faleo G, Russ HA, Wisel S, Parent AV, Nguyen V, Nair GG, Freise JE, Villanueva KE, Szot GL, Hebrok M, Tang Q. Mitigating Ischemic Injury of Stem Cell-Derived Insulin-Producing Cells after Transplant. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:807-819. [PMID: 28803916 PMCID: PMC5599226 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of large-scale in vitro differentiation of human stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (SCIPC) has brought us closer to treating diabetes using stem cell technology. However, decades of experiences from islet transplantation show that ischemia-induced islet cell death after transplant severely limits the efficacy of the therapy. It is unclear to what extent human SCIPC are susceptible to ischemia. In this study, we show that more than half of SCIPC die shortly after transplantation. Nutrient deprivation and hypoxia acted synergistically to kill SCIPC in vitro. Amino acid supplementation rescued SCIPC from nutrient deprivation, likely by providing cellular energy. Generating SCIPC under physiological oxygen tension of 5% conferred hypoxia resistance without affecting their differentiation or function. A two-pronged strategy of physiological oxygen acclimatization during differentiation and amino acid supplementation during transplantation significantly improved SCIPC survival after transplant. Stem cell-derived insulin-producing cells (SCIPC) are susceptible to ischemic injury Amino acid supplementation prevents nutrient-deprivation-induced SCIPC death Generation of SCIPC at physiological oxygen levels protects them against hypoxia Both strategies combined preserve SCIPC graft viability in vivo upon transplant
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Faleo
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Steven Wisel
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vinh Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gopika G Nair
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jonathan E Freise
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karina E Villanueva
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gregory L Szot
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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40
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Hu F, Guo XL, Zhang SS, Zhao QD, Li R, Xu Q, Wei LX. Suppression of p53 potentiates chemosensitivity in nutrient-deprived cholangiocarcinoma cells via inhibition of autophagy. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1959-1966. [PMID: 28789429 PMCID: PMC5530065 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor protein p53 has been intensively studied as a major tumor suppressor. The activation of p53 is associated with various anti-neoplastic functions, including cell senescence, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, the role of p53 in cancer cell chemosensitivity remains unknown. Cholangiocarcinoma cell lines QBC939 and RBE were grown in full-nutrient and nutrient-deprived conditions. The cell lines were treated with 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin and the rate of cell death was determined in these and controls using Cell Counting Kit-8 and microscopy-based methods, including in the presence of autophagy inhibitor 3MA, p53 inhibitor PFT-α or siRNA against p53 or Beclin-1. The present study demonstrated that the inhibition of p53 enhanced the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents in nutrient-deprived cholangiocarcinoma cells. Nutrient deprivation-induced autophagy was revealed to be inhibited following inhibition of p53. These data indicate that p53 is important for the activation of autophagy in nutrient-deprived cholangiocarcinoma cells, and thus contributes to cell survival and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.,Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Ling Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China.,Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Dong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Lin TW, Chen MT, Lin LT, Huang PI, Lo WL, Yang YP, Lu KH, Chen YW, Chiou SH, Wu CW. TDP-43/HDAC6 axis promoted tumor progression and regulated nutrient deprivation-induced autophagy in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56612-25. [PMID: 28915616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor with poor survival lifespan and dismal outcome. Surgical resection of GBM is greatly limited due to the biological significance of brain, giving rise to tumor relapse in GBM patients. Transactive response DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA-binding protein known for causing neurodegenerative diseases through post-translational modification; but little is known about its involvement in cancer development. In this study, we found that nutrient deprivation in GBM cell lines elevated TDP-43 expression by a mechanism of evasion from ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway, and subsequently activated the autophagy process. Exogenous overexpression of TDP-43 consistently activated autophagy and suppressed stress-induced apoptosis. The inhibition of autophagy in TDP-43-overexpressing cells effectively increased the apoptotic population under nutrition shortage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HDAC6 was involved in the activation of autophagy in TDP-43-overexpressing GBM cell lines. The treatment with SAHA, a universal HDAC inhibitor, significantly reduced TDP-43-mediated anti-apoptotic effect. Additionally, the results of immunohistochemistry showed that TDP-43 and HDAC6 collaborated in GBM-tumor lesions and negatively correlated with the relapse-free survival of GBM patients. Taken together, our results suggest that the TDP-43-HDAC6 signaling axis functions as a stress responsive pathway in GBM tumorigenesis and combats nutrient deprivation stress via activating autophagy, while inhibition of HDAC6 overpowers the pathway and provides a novel therapeutic strategy against GBM.
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Abstract
The TP53 gene is distinguished as the most frequently mutated gene in cancer. Unlike most cancer-relevant genes, the TP53 gene is also distinguished by the existence of coding region polymorphisms that alter p53 sequence, and in some cases, also alter p53 function. A common coding region variant at amino acid 72 of p53 encodes either proline (P72) or arginine (R72). P72 is the ancestral variant and is most common in populations near the equator. The frequency of the R72 variant increases in a linear manner with latitude. To date, why the R72 variant arose in humans and was possibly selected for has remained unclear. Here-in we show that this single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influences the phosphorylation of p53 and the transactivation of the key p53 target CDKN1A (p21) specifically in response to nutrient deprivation, but not in response to conventional cytotoxic agents. Following activation of the kinase AMPK, R72 cells show increased phosphorylation on serine-15 and increased transactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A (p21) and the metabolic response genes PPARGC1B (PGC-1β) and PRKAB2 (AMPK-β2). This is accompanied by increased growth arrest and decreased apoptosis in R72 cells compared with P72 cells. The combined data fit best with the hypothesis that the R72 polymorphism confers increased cell survival in response to nutrient deprivation. This differential response to nutrient deprivation may explain part of selection for this SNP at northern latitudes, where nutrient deprivation might have been more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- a Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Internal Medicine , Washington University, School of Medicine , St Louis , MO , USA
| | - Qin Liu
- a Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- a Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Prokesch A, Graef FA, Madl T, Kahlhofer J, Heidenreich S, Schumann A, Moyschewitz E, Pristoynik P, Blaschitz A, Knauer M, Muenzner M, Bogner-Strauss JG, Dohr G, Schulz TJ, Schupp M. Liver p53 is stabilized upon starvation and required for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis. FASEB J 2017; 31:732-742. [PMID: 27811061 PMCID: PMC5240663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600845r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adapt cellular metabolism to nutrient availability is critical for survival. The liver plays a central role in the adaptation to starvation by switching from glucose-consuming processes and lipid synthesis to providing energy substrates like glucose to the organism. Here we report a previously unrecognized role of the tumor suppressor p53 in the physiologic adaptation to food withdrawal. We found that starvation robustly increases p53 protein in mouse liver. This induction was posttranscriptional and mediated by a hepatocyte-autonomous and AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent mechanism. p53 stabilization was required for the adaptive expression of genes involved in amino acid catabolism. Indeed, acute deletion of p53 in livers of adult mice impaired hepatic glycogen storage and induced steatosis. Upon food withdrawal, p53-deleted mice became hypoglycemic and showed defects in the starvation-associated utilization of hepatic amino acids. In summary, we provide novel evidence for a p53-dependent integration of acute changes of cellular energy status and the metabolic adaptation to starvation. Because of its tumor suppressor function, p53 stabilization by starvation could have implications for both metabolic and oncological diseases of the liver.-Prokesch, A., Graef, F. A., Madl, T., Kahlhofer, J., Heidenreich, S., Schumann, A., Moyschewitz, E., Pristoynik, P., Blaschitz, A., Knauer, M., Muenzner, M., Bogner-Strauss, J. G., Dohr, G., Schulz, T. J., Schupp, M. Liver p53 is stabilized upon starvation and required for amino acid catabolism and gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Prokesch
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria;
| | - Franziska A Graef
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jennifer Kahlhofer
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Steffi Heidenreich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Schumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moyschewitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Pristoynik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Blaschitz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Knauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Muenzner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gottfried Dohr
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology, and Embryology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; and
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schupp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany;
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Zhang X, De Milito A, Demiroglu-Zergeroglu A, Gullbo J, D'Arcy P, Linder S. Eradicating Quiescent Tumor Cells by Targeting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:657-663. [PMID: 28741504 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of quiescent cell populations in solid tumors represents a major challenge for disease eradication. Such cells are generally present in poorly vascularized tumor areas, show limited sensitivity to traditional chemotherapeutical drugs, and tend to resume proliferation, resulting in tumor reseeding and growth. There is growing recognition of the importance of developing therapies that target these quiescent cell populations to achieve long-lasting remission. Recent studies have shown that the combination of hypoxia and reduced nutrient availability in poorly vascularized areas results in limited tumor metabolic plasticity coupled with an increased sensitivity to perturbations in mitochondrial flux. Targeting of mitochondrial bioenergetics in these quiescent cell tumor populations may enable tumor eradication and improve the prognosis of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Gullbo
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Section of Oncology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Lu N, Chen JH, Wei D, Chen F, Chen G. Global Metabolic Regulation of the Snow Alga Chlamydomonas nivalis in Response to Nitrate or Phosphate Deprivation by a Metabolome Profile Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050694. [PMID: 27171077 PMCID: PMC4881520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, Chlamydomonas nivalis, a model species of snow algae, was used to illustrate the metabolic regulation mechanism of microalgae under nutrient deprivation stress. The seed culture was inoculated into the medium without nitrate or phosphate to reveal the cell responses by a metabolome profile analysis using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). One hundred and seventy-one of the identified metabolites clustered into five groups by the orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model. Among them, thirty of the metabolites in the nitrate-deprived group and thirty-nine of the metabolites in the phosphate-deprived group were selected and identified as “responding biomarkers” by this metabolomic approach. A significant change in the abundance of biomarkers indicated that the enhanced biosynthesis of carbohydrates and fatty acids coupled with the decreased biosynthesis of amino acids, N-compounds and organic acids in all the stress groups. The up- or down-regulation of these biomarkers in the metabolic network provides new insights into the global metabolic regulation and internal relationships within amino acid and fatty acid synthesis, glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the Calvin cycle in the snow alga under nitrate or phosphate deprivation stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Jun-Hui Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
- Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Gu Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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Hussain S, Khan F, Cao W, Wu L, Geng M. Seed Priming Alters the Production and Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates in Rice Seedlings Grown under Sub-optimal Temperature and Nutrient Supply. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:439. [PMID: 27092157 PMCID: PMC4820636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The production and detoxification of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) play an important role in the plant response to nutrient and environmental stresses. The present study demonstrated the behavior of growth, ROIs-production and their detoxification in primed and non-primed rice seedlings under chilling stress (18°C) and nitrogen-(N), phosphorus-(P), or potassium-(K) deprivation. The results revealed that chilling stress as well as deprivation of any mineral nutrient severely hampered the seedling growth of rice, however, seed priming treatments (particularly selenium- or salicylic acid-priming), were effective in enhancing the rice growth under stress conditions. The N-deprivation caused the maximum reduction in shoot growth, while the root growth was only decreased by P- or K-deprivation. Although, N-deprivation enhanced the root length of rice, the root fresh weight was unaffected. Rate of lipid peroxidation as well as the production of ROIs, was generally increased under stress conditions; the K-deprived seedlings recorded significantly lower production of ROIs than N- or P-deprived seedlings. The responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in rice seedlings to chilling stress were variable with nutrient management regime. All the seed priming were found to trigger or at least maintain the antioxidant defense system of rice seedlings. Notably, the levels of ROIs were significantly reduced by seed priming treatments, which were concomitant with the activities of ROIs-producing enzymes (monoamine oxidase and xanthine oxidase), under all studied conditions. Based on these findings, we put forward the hypothesis that along with role of ROIs-scavenging enzymes, the greater tolerance of primed rice seedlings can also be due to the reduced activity of ROIs-producing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Fahad Khan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Lishu Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Mingjian Geng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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47
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Clarke JP, Mearow K. Autophagy inhibition in endogenous and nutrient-deprived conditions reduces dorsal root ganglia neuron survival and neurite growth in vitro. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:653-70. [PMID: 27018986 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies can result in cytoskeletal changes in axons, ultimately leading to Wallerian degeneration and cell death. Recently, autophagy has been studied as a potential target for improving axonal survival and growth during peripheral nerve damage. This study investigates the influence of autophagy on adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron survival and axonal growth under control and nutrient deprivation conditions. Constitutive autophagy was modulated with pharmacological activators (rapamycin; Rapa) and inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1) in conjunction with either a nutrient-stable environment (standard culture medium) or a nutrient-deprived environment (Hank's balanced salt solution + Ca(2+) /Mg(2+) ). The results demonstrated that autophagy inhibition decreased cell viability and reduced neurite growth and branching complexity. Although autophagy was upregulated with nutrient deprivation compared with the control, it was not further activated by rapamycin, suggesting a threshold level of autophagy. Overall, both cellular and biochemical approaches combined to show the influence of autophagy on adult DRG neuron survival and growth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph-Patrick Clarke
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Karen Mearow
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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48
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Khan D, Chattopadhyay S, Das S. Influence of metabolic stress on translation of p53 isoforms. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1039689. [PMID: 27308557 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1039689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
p53 and its isoforms are integral in modulating transcriptional gene expression programs and maintaining cellular homeostasis. We recently reported that glucose deprivation/caloric restriction induced translational control of p53 mRNA by scaffold/matrix attachment region binding-protein 1 (SMAR1), adding a cytoplasmic role of SMAR1 to its traditional nuclear role as a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjit Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Present address: Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L4 and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | | | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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49
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Mani B, Agarwal M, Katiyar-Agarwal S. Comprehensive Expression Profiling of Rice Tetraspanin Genes Reveals Diverse Roles During Development and Abiotic Stress. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:1088. [PMID: 26697042 PMCID: PMC4675852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tetraspanin family is comprised of evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. The incredible ability of tetraspanins to form 'micro domain complexes' and their preferential targeting to membranes emphasizes their active association with signal recognition and communication with neighboring cells, thus acting as key modulators of signaling cascades. In animals, tetraspanins are associated with multitude of cellular processes. Unlike animals, the biological relevance of tetraspanins in plants has not been well investigated. In Arabidopsis tetraspanins are known to contribute in important plant development processes such as leaf morphogenesis, root, and floral organ formation. In the present study we investigated the genomic organization, chromosomal distribution, phylogeny and domain structure of 15 rice tetraspanin proteins (OsTETs). OsTET proteins had similar domain structure and signature 'GCCK/R' motif as reported in Arabidopsis. Comprehensive expression profiling of OsTET genes suggested their possible involvement during rice development. While OsTET9 and 10 accumulated predominantly in flowers, OsTET5, 8, and 12 were preferentially expressed in root tissues. Noticeably, seven OsTETs exhibited more than twofold up regulation at early stages of flag leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, several OsTETs were differentially regulated in rice seedlings exposed to abiotic stresses, exogenous treatment of hormones and nutrient deprivation. Transient subcellular localization studies of eight OsTET proteins in tobacco epidermal cells showed that these proteins localized in plasma membrane. The present study provides valuable insights into the possible roles of tetraspanins in regulating development and defining response to abiotic stresses in rice. Targeted proteomic studies would be useful in identification of their interacting partners under different conditions and ultimately their biological function in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Mani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of DelhiDelhi, India
| | - Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South CampusNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal, ,
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50
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Shan J, Donelan W, Hayner JN, Zhang F, Dudenhausen EE, Kilberg MS. MAPK signaling triggers transcriptional induction of cFOS during amino acid limitation of HepG2 cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1853:539-48. [PMID: 25523140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) deprivation in mammalian cells activates a collection of signaling cascades known as the AA response (AAR), which is characterized by transcriptional induction of stress-related genes, including FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (cFOS). The present study established that the signaling mechanism underlying the AA-dependent transcriptional regulation of the cFOS gene in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells is independent of the classic GCN2-eIF2-ATF4 pathway. Instead, a RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade mediates AAR signaling to the cFOS gene. Increased cFOS transcription is observed from 4-24 h after AAR-activation, exhibiting little or no overlap with the rapid and transient increase triggered by the well-known serum response. Furthermore, serum is not required for the AA-responsiveness of the cFOS gene and no phosphorylation of promoter-bound serum response factor (SRF) is observed. The ERK-phosphorylated transcription factor E-twenty six-like (p-ELK1) is increased in its association with the cFOS promoter after activation of the AAR. This research identified cFOS as a target of the AAR and further highlights the importance of AA-responsive MAPK signaling in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiu Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - William Donelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Jaclyn N Hayner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Elizabeth E Dudenhausen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Michael S Kilberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610.
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