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Covill LE, Sendel A, Campbell TM, Piiroinen I, Enoksson SL, Borgström EW, Hansen S, Ma K, Marits P, Norlin AC, Smith CIE, Kåhlin J, Eriksson LI, Bergman P, Bryceson YT. Evaluation of Genetic or Cellular Impairments in Type I IFN Immunity in a Cohort of Young Adults with Critical COVID-19. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:50. [PMID: 38231281 PMCID: PMC10794435 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Several genetic and immunological risk factors for severe COVID-19 have been identified, with monogenic conditions relating to 13 genes of type I interferon (IFN) immunity proposed to explain 4.8% of critical cases. However, previous cohorts have been clinically heterogeneous and were not subjected to thorough genetic and immunological analyses. We therefore aimed to systematically investigate the prevalence of rare genetic variants causing inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and functionally interrogate the type I IFN pathway in young adults that suffered from critical COVID-19 yet lacked comorbidities. We selected and clinically characterized a cohort of 38 previously healthy individuals under 50 years of age who were treated in intensive care units due to critical COVID-19. Blood samples were collected after convalescence. Two patients had IFN-α autoantibodies. Genome sequencing revealed very rare variants in the type I IFN pathway in 31.6% of the patients, which was similar to controls. Analyses of cryopreserved leukocytes did not indicate any defect in plasmacytoid dendritic cell sensing of TLR7 and TLR9 agonists in patients carrying variants in these pathways. However, lymphocyte STAT phosphorylation and protein upregulation upon IFN-α stimulation revealed three possible cases of impaired type I IFN signaling in carriers of rare variants. Together, our results suggest a strategy of functional screening followed by genome analyses and biochemical validation to uncover undiagnosed causes of critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Covill
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Sendel
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T M Campbell
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Piiroinen
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Lind Enoksson
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Wahren Borgström
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hansen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Ma
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Marits
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A C Norlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C I E Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Kåhlin
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L I Eriksson
- Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Bergman
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y T Bryceson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Broegelmann Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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2
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Woodberry T, Loughland JR, Minigo G. Whole Blood Dendritic Cell Cytokine Production Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2470:715-729. [PMID: 35881385 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2189-9_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This protocol outlines a method for the timely detection of intracellular cytokines produced by activated dendritic cells (DC) in human whole blood. The quantification of cytokines is used to measure DC immune responsiveness, providing information on the breadth, strength, and DC subtypes responding spontaneously and to specific stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands or parasite-infected erythrocytes. DC subsets, plasmacytoid DC, CD1c+ DC, CD141+ DC, and CD16+ DC, are examined in their natural environment of plasma and blood cells (erythrocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and leukocytes) enabling disease, medication, nutritional, and hematological effects on DC function to be examined in vaccine studies, ageing, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Woodberry
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jessica Rita Loughland
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
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3
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In Vitro Characterization of the Innate Immune Pathways Engaged by Live and Inactivated Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060664. [PMID: 34204532 PMCID: PMC8234070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection can lead to inflammation of the central nervous system. The disease can be effectively prevented by whole inactivated virus vaccines. Here, we investigated the innate immune profile induced in vitro by the antigen component of the vaccines, inactivated TBEV (I-TBEV), to gain insights into the mechanism of action of the TBE vaccine as compared to the live virus. To this end, we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to inactivated and live TBEV and assessed cellular responses by RNA sequencing. Both inactivated and live TBEV significantly induced an interferon-dominated gene signature and an increased RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) expression. Using pathway-specific inhibitors, we assessed the involvement of pattern recognition receptors in the sensing of inactivated or live TBEV. Only RLR pathway inhibition significantly suppressed the downstream cascade induced by I-TBEV, while responses to the replicating virus were impacted by the inhibition of RIG-I-like, as well as Toll-like, receptors. Our results show that inactivated and live TBEV predominantly engaged an interferon response in our in vitro PBMC platform, and indicate RLRs as the main pattern recognition receptors involved in I-TBEV sensing.
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Esquius L, Javierre C, Llaudó I, Rama I, Oviedo GR, Massip-Salcedo M, Aguilar-Martínez A, Niño O, Lloberas N. Impact of Olive Oil Supplement Intake on Dendritic Cell Maturation after Strenuous Physical Exercise: A Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084128. [PMID: 33919722 PMCID: PMC8070678 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise is known to have a dose-dependent effect on the immune system and can result in an inflammatory process in athletes that is proportional to the intensity and duration of exertion. This inflammatory process can be measured by cell markers such as dendritic cells (DCs), which, in humans, consist of the myeloid DC (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) subpopulations. The aim of this study was to measure DC differentiation to determine the possible anti-inflammatory effects, after intense aerobic effort, of the intake of a 25 mL extra-virgin olive oil supplement. Three healthy sports-trained subjects went through resistance exercise loads on two days separated by a week: on one day after active supplement intake and on the other day after placebo supplement intake. The results show that the highest increase (77%) in the percentage of mDCs as a proportion of pDCs was immediately after testing. Independently of the supplement taken, mature mDCs showed a decreasing trend between the test one hour after and 24 h after testing ended. Nevertheless, measured in terms of the coefficient of variation, only the decrease (46%) for extra-virgin olive oil supplementation was statistically significant (95% CI: 30–62%; p = 0.05). In conclusion, an extra-virgin olive oil supplement could reduce the inflammatory impact of intense aerobic effort and improve recovery at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esquius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Inés Llaudó
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (I.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Inés Rama
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (I.R.); (N.L.)
| | - Guillermo R. Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science-Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Massip-Salcedo
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Alicia Aguilar-Martínez
- Foodlab Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (A.A.-M.)
| | - Oscar Niño
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of Cundinamarca, Cundinamarca 252212, Colombia;
| | - Núria Lloberas
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (I.R.); (N.L.)
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5
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Jamali A, Kenyon B, Ortiz G, Abou-Slaybi A, Sendra VG, Harris DL, Hamrah P. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 80:100877. [PMID: 32717378 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique subpopulation of immune cells, distinct from classical dendritic cells. pDCs are generated in the bone marrow and following development, they typically home to secondary lymphoid tissues. While peripheral tissues are generally devoid of pDCs during steady state, few tissues, including the lung, kidney, vagina, and in particular ocular tissues harbor resident pDCs. pDCs were originally appreciated for their potential to produce large quantities of type I interferons in viral immunity. Subsequent studies have now unraveled their pivotal role in mediating immune responses, in particular in the induction of tolerance. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on pDCs in ocular tissues in both mice and humans, in particular in the cornea, limbus, conjunctiva, choroid, retina, and lacrimal gland. Further, we will review our current understanding on the significance of pDCs in ameliorating inflammatory responses during herpes simplex virus keratitis, sterile inflammation, and corneal transplantation. Moreover, we describe their novel and pivotal neuroprotective role, their key function in preserving corneal angiogenic privilege, as well as their potential application as a cell-based therapy for ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsia Jamali
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brendan Kenyon
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Ortiz
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdo Abou-Slaybi
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor G Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deshea L Harris
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Cornea Service, Tufts New England Eye Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Negative impact of proteinuria on circulating myeloid dendritic cells. Clin Exp Nephrol 2019; 23:928-938. [PMID: 30879162 PMCID: PMC6555847 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-019-01724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background A decrease in absolute numbers (abs.) of circulating dendritic cells (DCs) and recruitment into target organs has been reported, but whether the level of proteinuria associates with circulating DC abs. has not been clarified. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 210 patients with kidney disease aged 21–96 years who were admitted to our hospital for kidney biopsy in 2007–2010. For accuracy, the level of proteinuria was thoroughly measured by 24-h urine collection from patients in their admitted condition. The abs. of total DCs (tDCs), myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) was measured by three-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Patients were divided into four groups based upon the quartile of each DC abs. and one-way ANOVA, and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were performed. Results Quantile analysis showed that the level of daily proteinuria decreased with increasing blood mDC abs., with mean proteinuria levels (g/day) of 2.45, 1.68, 1.68, 1.10 for those in mDC abs. quartiles ≤ 445, < 686, < 907, ≥ 907 cells/102 µL (p = 0.0277), respectively. Multivariate-adjusted regression analysis revealed that the mDC abs. was negatively associated with proteinuria (95% CI − 57.0 to − 8.5) and positively associated with male gender (95% CI 66.2–250.5). Independent associations were also shown between pDCs abs. and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (95% CI 0.14–2.67) and C-reactive protein (95% CI − 49.4 to − 9.9) and between tDCs abs. and male gender (95% CI 54.5–253.6) and C-reactive protein (95% CI − 80.5 to − 13.4). Conclusion We first reported that circulating mDC abs. has a negative association with the level of proteinuria.
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7
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Kim JU, Kim M, Kim S, Nguyen TT, Kim E, Lee S, Kim S, Kim H. Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Patients with End-stage Renal Disease. Immune Netw 2017; 17:152-162. [PMID: 28680376 PMCID: PMC5484645 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) with immune disorder involves complex interactions between the innate and adaptive immune responses. ESRD is associated with various alterations in immune function such as a reduction in polymorphonuclear leukocyte bactericidal activity, a suppression of lymphocyte proliferative response to stimuli, and a malfunction of cell-mediated immunity at the molecular level. ESRD also increases patients' propensity for infections and malignancies as well as causing a diminished response to vaccination. Several factors influence the immunodeficiency in patients with ESRD, including uremic toxins, malnutrition, chronic inflammation, and the therapeutic dialysis modality. The alteration of T-cell function in ESRD has been considered to be a major factor underlying the impaired adaptive cellular immunity in these patients. However, cumulative evidence has suggested that the immune defect in ESRD can be caused by an Ag-presenting dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction in addition to a T-cell defect. It has been reported that ESRD has a deleterious effect on DCs both in terms of their number and function, although the precise mechanism by which DC function becomes altered in these patients is unclear. In this review, we discuss the effects of ESRD on the number and function of DCs and propose a possible molecular mechanism for DC dysfunction. We also address therapeutic approaches to improve immune function by optimally activating DCs in patients with ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ung Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea
| | - Miyeon Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Tam Thanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Eunhye Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Siyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,YbdYbiotech research center, Seoul 08589, Korea
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cytokine Immunology, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Science Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea
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Fannin RD, Gerrish K, Sieber SO, Bushel PR, Watkins PB, Paules RS. Blood transcript immune signatures distinguish a subset of people with elevated serum ALT from others given acetaminophen. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 99:432-41. [PMID: 26690555 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is hindered by the limited utility of clinical chemistries. We have shown that hepatotoxicants can produce peripheral blood transcriptome "signatures" (PBTS) in rodents and humans. In this study, 42 adults were treated with acetaminophen (APAP; 1 g every 6 hours) for seven days, followed by three days of placebo. Eleven subjects received only placebo. After five days, 12 subjects (30%) had increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ("responders"). PBTS of 707 and 760 genes, respectively, could distinguish responders and nonresponders from placebos. Functional analysis of the responder PBTS revealed increased expression of genes involved in TH2-mediated and innate immune responses, whereas the nonresponders demonstrated increased gene expression consistent with a tolerogenic immune response. Taken together, these observations suggest that the clinical subjects with transient increases in serum ALT failed to maintain or intensify a hepatic tolerogenic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Fannin
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - K Gerrish
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - S O Sieber
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Genomics Core, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - P R Bushel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - P B Watkins
- Hamner - University of North Carolina Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - R S Paules
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program, Biomolecular Screening Branch, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Legitimo A, Consolini R, Failli A, Orsini G, Spisni R. Dendritic cell defects in the colorectal cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:3224-35. [PMID: 25483675 PMCID: PMC4514061 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) results from the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations of the genome. However, also the formation of an inflammatory milieu plays a pivotal role in tumor development and progression. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a relevant role in tumor by exerting differential pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions, depending on the local milieu. Quantitative and functional impairments of DCs have been widely observed in several types of cancer, including CRC, representing a tumor-escape mechanism employed by cancer cells to elude host immunosurveillance. Understanding the interactions between DCs and tumors is important for comprehending the mechanisms of tumor immune surveillance and escape, and provides novel approaches to therapy of cancer. This review summarizes updated information on the role of the DCs in colon cancer development and/or progression.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen presenting cells
- CRC, Colorectal cancer
- CTLA-4, anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4
- DCregs, regulatory DCs
- DCs, dendritic cells
- GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
- HMGB, high mobility group box
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NK,natural killer
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- PD-1, programmed death 1
- PRRs, pattern recognition receptors
- TDLNs, draining lymph nodes
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- TIDCs, tumor-infiltrating DCs
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T helper
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- colorectal cancer
- dendritic cells
- immune response
- immunoescape
- mDCs, myeloid dendritic cells
- pDCs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells
- tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Legitimo
- a Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine ; University of Pisa ; Pisa , Italy
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Johnson P, Challis R, Chowdhury F, Gao Y, Harvey M, Geldart T, Kerr P, Chan C, Smith A, Steven N, Edwards C, Ashton-Key M, Hodges E, Tutt A, Ottensmeier C, Glennie M, Williams A. Clinical and biological effects of an agonist anti-CD40 antibody: a Cancer Research UK phase I study. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:1321-8. [PMID: 25589626 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study aimed to establish the biologic effects and MTD of the agonistic IgG1 chimeric anti-CD40 antibody ChiLob7/4 in patients (pts) with a range of CD40-expressing solid tumors and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, resistant to conventional therapy. Potential mechanisms of action for agonistic anti-CD40 include direct cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and conditioning of antigen-presenting cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN ChiLob7/4 was given by IV infusion weekly for 4 doses at a range from 0.5 to 240 mg/dose. Validated ELISAs were used to quantify ChiLob7/4 in serum and test for anti-chimeric MAb (HACA) responses. Pharmacodynamic assessments included quantitation of T-cell, natural killer-cell, and B-cell numbers and activation in blood by flow cytometry and a panel of cytokines in plasma by Luminex technology. Planned dose escalation was in cohorts of 3 patients until MTD or biologic effect, defined as reduction of peripheral blood CD19(+) B cells to 10% or less of baseline. RESULTS Twenty-nine courses of treatment were given to 28 subjects. The MTD was 200 mg × 4, with dose-limiting toxicity of liver transaminase elevations at 240 mg. At 200 mg (range between 2.1 mg/kg and 3.3 mg/kg based on patient body weight), the trough level pretreatment was above 25 μg/mL. Grade 1-2 infusion reactions were seen above the dose of 16 mg, but could be prevented with single-dose corticosteroid premedication. HACA responses were seen after doses between 1.6 mg and 50 mg, but not above this. There were dose-dependent falls in blood B-cell numbers accompanied by reduced expression of CD21, and transient reductions in NK cell numbers with increased CD54 expression from 50 mg upward. MIP-1β and IL12 plasma concentrations rose after doses above 16 mg. Fifteen of 29 treatments were accompanied by disease stabilization for a median 6 months, the longest for 37 months. CONCLUSIONS ChiLob7/4 can activate B and NK cells at doses that can be administered safely, and should be tested in combination with other antibodies and chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Johnson
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Ruth Challis
- NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdousi Chowdhury
- NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Yifang Gao
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Harvey
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Geldart
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kerr
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Chan
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Smith
- NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Steven
- NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri Edwards
- Drug Development Office, Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Hodges
- NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Tutt
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Ottensmeier
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Glennie
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Williams
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom. NIHR/CRUK Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Chowdhury F, Johnson PW, Glennie M, Williams AP. Ex vivo assays of dendritic cell activation and cytokine profiles as predictors of in vivo effects in an anti-human CD40 monoclonal antibody ChiLob 7/4 phase I trial. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 2:229-40. [PMID: 24778319 PMCID: PMC4007630 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory antibodies entering the clinic create challenge in terms of not only pharmacodynamics for monitoring anticipated mechanisms but also predetermining cytotoxicity. We show the use of ex vivo whole-blood samples to predict the activation requirements, cytokine signature, and adverse events of an anti-human-CD40 chimeric IgG1 antibody, ChiLob 7/4. Assessments were initially undertaken on human myeloid (mDC1) and plasmacytoid (pDC) dendritic cells, in which an absolute need for cross-linking was shown through the upregulation of activation markers CD83 and CCR7. Subsequent cytokine secretion evaluations of ex vivo whole blood showed the cross-linked antibody-induced increases in MIP1β, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-12, TNFα, and IL-6. This cytokine signature compared favorably with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in which levels of TNFα and IL-6 were significantly higher, suggesting a less intense proinflammatory response and possible modified cytokine release syndrome when used in human trials. Following first-in-human use of this agent within a dose escalation study, in vivo evaluations of dendritic cell activation and secreted cytokines closely matched the predetermined immunomonitoring endpoints. Patients showed a comparable pattern of MIP1β, IL-8, and IL-12 secretion, but no TNFα and IL-6 were identified. Mild symptoms relating to a cytokine release syndrome were seen at an equivalent dosage to that observed for dendritic cell activation and cytokine release. In summary, ChiLob 7/4 induces a distinctive pattern of dendritic cell activation and cytokine secretion in ex vivo assays that can be predictive of in vivo responses. Such preclinical approaches to monoclonal antibody evaluation may inform both the starting dosages and the anticipated cytokine release events that could occur, providing a valuable adjunct for future first-in-human assessments of immunostimulatory antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chowdhury
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, CRUK Clinical Centre, Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Mailpoint 824, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
| | - P. W. Johnson
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, CRUK Clinical Centre, Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Mailpoint 824, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
| | - M.J. Glennie
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, CRUK Clinical Centre, Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
| | - A. P. Williams
- Academic Unit of Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, CRUK Clinical Centre, Somers Cancer Research Building, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
- Southampton NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Mailpoint 824, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England
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Paul K, Kretzschmar D, Yilmaz A, Bärthlein B, Titze S, Wolf G, Busch M. Circulating dendritic cell precursors in chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:274. [PMID: 24325304 PMCID: PMC3878881 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. They patrol the blood as circulating dendritic cell precursors (DCP). Decreased blood DCP count has been shown to be related to atherosclerotic plaque burden. Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with chronic inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk, the aim of our study was to investigate a potential effect of CKD on circulating DCP numbers especially in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. METHODS The number of circulating myeloid (mDCP), plasmacytoid (pDCP), and total DCP (tDCP) was analysed by flow cytometry in 245 patients with CKD stage 3 (with and without known cardiovascular events) and 85 coronary healthy controls. In addition, data were compared with a historical group of 130 patients with known coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS Compared to controls, patients with CKD 3 revealed a significant decrease in circulating mDCP (-29%), pDCP (-43%), and tDCP (-38%) (P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with CAD-patients, the decrease in circulating DCP in CKD was comparable or even more pronounced indicating a potential role for DCP in cardiovascular risk potentiation due to CKD. CONCLUSIONS Based on previous findings in CAD, the marked decrease of DCP in CKD implicates a potential role for DCP as a mediator of cardiovascular disease. Whether DCP in CKD may act as new cardiovascular biomarkers needs to be established in future prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Paul
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, Jena University Hospital Friedrich-Schiller University, Erlanger Allee 101, Jena, 07740 Germany.
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Orsini G, Legitimo A, Failli A, Massei F, Biver P, Consolini R. Enumeration of human peripheral blood dendritic cells throughout the life. Int Immunol 2012; 24:347-56. [PMID: 22345276 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aging is associated with immunosenescence, a process characterized by alterations in numerical and functional features of immune system components. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main antigen-presenting cells, playing a pivotal role in adaptive and innate immunity. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of human circulating DCs throughout the life, in order to contribute to the knowledge of the physiological background underlying the aging of immune system. Cytofluorimetric analysis of peripheral blood samples by all-aged healthy population showed a significant decrease of circulating DCs and of their two main subsets among age. This reduction was limited to the plasmacytoid cell subtype when young and old subjects were analyzed separately. The analysis of circulating Treg cell number in a cohort of the subjects showed a significant reduction with increasing age and a positive significant correlation to myeloid or plasmacytoid absolute numbers. In conclusion, this work provides a large set of data of normal reference values of peripheral blood dendritic cells in healthy population suitable for comparative clinical studies concerning pathological immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Orsini
- Department of Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Petrunkina AM, Harrison RAP. Mathematical analysis of mis-estimation of cell subsets in flow cytometry: viability staining revisited. J Immunol Methods 2011; 368:71-9. [PMID: 21362427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many research projects in cell biology now use flow cytometry for analysis or for isolation of specific cell types. In such studies, cell viability is obviously a crucial issue. However, many studies appear to rely upon light-scattering characteristics to identify and gate out non-viable cells, despite the fact that reliable identification of such cells can only be achieved through staining with impermeable fluorescent nuclear dyes such as propidium iodide or 7-amino actinomycin. In this paper we apply mathematical analysis to the theoretical problem of quantifying cell sub-populations labeled with two or more fluorescent markers, comparing situations in which dead cells have been identified with those in which cell viability has not been assessed. We demonstrate that in all cases in which dead cells are present within the population, percentages of live sub-populations in different subsets are mis-estimated. In cases where the pattern of marker expression differs greatly between live and dead cells, or where the proportion of dead cells is high, this mis-estimation will be aggravated; the subsets pattern will therefore be biased in a population selected only on the basis of light-scatter behavior. The importance of accurately detecting and gating out dead cells is illustrated by an experimental example accompanying the mathematical analysis. To conclude, identification of dead cells by means of viability stains should be an absolute routine in practical flow cytometry, so as to avoid mis-estimation in sorting or analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Petrunkina
- Unit of Reproductive Medicine of Clinics, Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany.
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